Menachot 183

נסכי רחלה בכמה ופשטינא ליה ממתניתין גדי משמש נסכי צאן של גדולים ושל קטנים של זכרים ושל נקבות חוץ משל אילים:

What is the quantity of drink-offerings for a ewe in its second year? And we answered him that this was clearly stated in a Mishnah:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shek. V, 3.');">¹</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> כל קרבנות הצבור אין בהן סמיכה חוץ מן הפר הבא על כל המצות ושעיר המשתלח רבי שמעון אומר אף שעיר עבודת כוכבים

[The seal inscribed with] 'Kid' signified drink-offerings for [offerings from] th flock, whether large or small, male or female, excepting rams.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A man who required drink-offerings for his offering did not bring them from his own home but came to the Temple to the officer in charge of the seals, paid him money, and received from him a seal. On handing the seal to another officer who was in charge of the drink-offerings he would receive the necessary quantities of drink-offerings as indicated by the inscription on the seal. The seal inscribed with 'Kid' signified the drink-offerings for an offering from the flock. V. Shek. V, 4. Thus a ewe in its second year required the drink-offerings of a lamb.');">²</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>NONE OF THE OFFERINGS OF THE CONGREGATION REQUIRE THE LAYING ON OF HANDS EXCEPT THE BULLOCK THAT IS OFFERED FOR THE TRANSGRESSION [BY THE CONGREGATION]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who sinned in error by reason of an erroneous ruling of the Beth din; v. Lev. IV, 13-21.');">³</span>

כל קרבנות היחיד טעונין סמיכה חוץ מן הבכור והמעשר והפסח

OF ANY OF THE COMMANDMENTS, AND THE SCAPEGOAT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XVI, 21.');">⁴</span> R'SIMEON SAYS, ALSO THE HE-GOAT OFFERED FOR THE SIN OF IDOLATRY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the congregation sinned in error by reason of an erroneous ruling of the Beth din in regard to idolatry; v. Num. XV, 24. Cf. Hor. 5b.');">⁵</span>

והיורש סומך ומביא נסכים ומימר:

ALL THE OFFERINGS OF AN INDIVIDUAL REQUIRE THE LAYING ON OF HANDS EXCEPT THE FIRSTLING, THE CATTLE TITHE, AND THE PASSOVER-OFFERING. THE HEIR MAY LAY HIS HANDS [ON HIS FATHER'S OFFERING].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the father died having already set aside a beast for his burnt-offering or peace-offering, and the heir is offering it on behalf of his father.');">⁶</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנו רבנן כל קרבנות הצבור אין בהן סמיכה חוץ מפר הבא על כל המצות ושעירי עבודת כוכבים דברי רבי שמעון רבי יהודה אומר שעירי עבודת כוכבים אין בהן סמיכה ואת מי אביא תחתיהם שעיר המשתלח

MAY BRING THE DRINK-OFFERINGS FOR IT, AND CAN SUBSTITUTE [ANOTHER ANIMAL FOR IT].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if he substituted another animal for his father's offering, both animals are holy; v. Lev. XXVII, 10.');">⁷</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Our Rabbis taught: None of the offerings of the congregation require the laying on of hands except the bullock that is offered for the transgression [by the congregation] of any of the commandments, and the he-goats offered for the sin of idolatry.

לא סגיא דלא מעייל אמר רבינא גמירי שתי סמיכות בצבור

So R'Simeon, But R'Judah says, The he-goats offered for the sin of idolatry do not require the laying on of hands. What then must I include in their place?

אמר לו רבי שמעון והלא אין סמיכה אלא בבעלים וזה אהרן ובניו סומכין בו אמר לו אף זה אהרן ובניו מתכפרין בו

The scapegoat. R'Simeon said to him, Is it not the law that the laying on of hands must be performed by the owners [of the offering]?

אמר ר' ירמיה ואזדו לטעמייהו

But on that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the scapegoat.');">⁸</span> Aaron and his sons lay the hands!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not the owners, for the owners are the entire congregation.');">⁹</span>

דתניא (ויקרא טז, לג) וכפר את מקדש הקדש זה לפני ולפנים ואת אהל מועד זה היכל מזבח כמשמעו יכפר אלו העזרות כהנים כמשמען על כל עם הקהל אלו ישראל יכפר אלו הלוים

He replied, Even in that case [the laying on of the hands is performed by the owners] since Aaron and his sons obtain atonement through it. R'Jeremiah said, They are indeed consistent in their views, for it has been taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Yoma 61a, Shebu. 13b. Hul. 131b.');">¹⁰</span>

הושוו כולן לכפרה אחת שמתכפרין בשעיר המשתלח דברי רבי יהודה

And he shall make atonement for the most holy place.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 33. From this verse it is deduced that the High Priest effected atonement for the transgression of the laws of uncleanness in the Holy of Holies, in the Holy place etc. with the bullock and the he-goat, the former making atonement for priests who erred in this way and the latter for Israelites.');">¹¹</span> this means the Holy of Holies;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if a person became unclean whilst in the Holy of Holies or in the Holy place and tarried there for the prescribed period (v. Shebu. 16b) , or if he offered incense on the golden altar whilst unclean, or if he unwittingly entered the Temple courts whilst unclean.');">¹²</span>

רבי שמעון אומר כשם שדם שעיר הנעשה בפנים מכפר על ישראל על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו כך דם הפר מכפר על הכהנים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו כשם שוידוי של שעיר המשתלח מכפר על ישראל בשאר עבירות כך וידוי של פר מכפר על הכהנים בשאר עבירות

and the tent of meeting.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 33. From this verse it is deduced that the High Priest effected atonement for the transgression of the laws of uncleanness in the Holy of Holies, in the Holy place etc. with the bullock and the he-goat, the former making atonement for priests who erred in this way and the latter for Israelites.');">¹¹</span> this means the Holy place; and the altar,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 33. From this verse it is deduced that the High Priest effected atonement for the transgression of the laws of uncleanness in the Holy of Holies, in the Holy place etc. with the bullock and the he-goat, the former making atonement for priests who erred in this way and the latter for Israelites.');">¹¹</span>

ור' שמעון הא ודאי הושוו אין הושוו דבני כפרה נינהו מיהו כל חד וחד מכפר בדנפשיה

this is to be taken in its usual sense; he shall make atonement,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 33. From this verse it is deduced that the High Priest effected atonement for the transgression of the laws of uncleanness in the Holy of Holies, in the Holy place etc. with the bullock and the he-goat, the former making atonement for priests who erred in this way and the latter for Israelites.');">¹¹</span> this means the various Temple courts; and for the priests,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 33. From this verse it is deduced that the High Priest effected atonement for the transgression of the laws of uncleanness in the Holy of Holies, in the Holy place etc. with the bullock and the he-goat, the former making atonement for priests who erred in this way and the latter for Israelites.');">¹¹</span>

לרבי יהודה טומאת מקדש וקדשיו ישראל מכפרי בדם שעיר הנעשה בפנים וכהנים בפר של אהרן בשאר עבירות אלו ואלו מכפרי בוידוי שעיר המשתלח ולרבי שמעון בשאר עבירות נמי כהנים בוידוי דפר מתכפרי

this is to be taken in its usual sense; and for all the peopl of the assembly,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 33. From this verse it is deduced that the High Priest effected atonement for the transgression of the laws of uncleanness in the Holy of Holies, in the Holy place etc. with the bullock and the he-goat, the former making atonement for priests who erred in this way and the latter for Israelites.');">¹¹</span> this means the Israelites; he shall make atonement,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 33. From this verse it is deduced that the High Priest effected atonement for the transgression of the laws of uncleanness in the Holy of Holies, in the Holy place etc. with the bullock and the he-goat, the former making atonement for priests who erred in this way and the latter for Israelites.');">¹¹</span>

כדקתני אחד ישראל ואחד כהנים ואחד כהן משיח מה בין ישראל לכהנים ולכהן משיח אלא שדם הפר מכפר על הכהנים על טומאת מקדש וקדשיו [זו דברי ר' יהודה]

this means the Levites. They are all<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Priests, Levites and Israelites.');">¹³</span>

ור' שמעון אומר כשם שדם השעיר הנעשה בפנים מכפר על ישראל כך דם הפר מכפר על הכהנים כשם שוידויו של שעיר המשתלח מכפר על ישראל כך וידויו של פר מכפר על הכהנים

declared alike in respect of one atonement, in that they obtain atonement through the scapegoat for other sins.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., for all sins except the transgression of the laws of uncleanness connected with the Temple.');">¹⁴</span> So R'Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus according to R. Judah priests also obtained atonement through the scapegoat, consequently when they lay the hands on it they do so in the capacity of owners.');">¹⁵</span>

תנו רבנן (ויקרא ד, טו) וסמכו זקני העדה את ידיהם על ראש הפר פר טעון סמיכה ואין שעירי עבודת כוכבים טעונין סמיכה דברי ר' יהודה

But R'Simeon says, Just as the blood of the he-goat that is offered within [the Holy of Holies] makes atonement for Israelites for all matters of uncleanness touching the Temple and the holy things thereof, so does the blood of the bullock make atonement for the priests for all matters of uncleanness touching the Temple and the holy things thereof; and just as the confession of sin pronounced over the scapegoat<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 21; cf. Yoma 66a.');">¹⁶</span> makes atonement for Israelites for other sins, so does the confession of sin pronounced over the bullock<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Yoma 35b.');">¹⁷</span>

ר' שמעון אומר פר טעון סמיכה בזקנים ואין שעירי עבודת כוכבים טעון סמיכה בזקנים אלא באהרן

make atonement for priests for other sins.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to R. Simeon, therefore, priests do not obtain any atonement through the scapegoat.');">¹⁸</span> But according to R'Simeon [it will be asked]: Surely they are declared alike!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the last phrases of the quoted verse imply that all sections of the people, Israelites as well as priests, obtain atonement alike for other sins.');">¹⁹</span>

ורמינהו החי החי טעון סמיכה ואין שעירי עבודת כוכבים טעונין סמיכה דברי ר' יהודה ר' שמעון אומר חי טעון סמיכה באהרן

- Yes. they are all declared alike in that they all obtain atonement, but each obtains atonement through its own [offering].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For other sins, Israelites through the scapegoat and priests through the bullock. aurhp');">²⁰</span> This means,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. , so MS.M., and Sh. Mek. An unusual expression. The entire passage is an addition by the Saboraim (Sh. Mek.) .');">²¹</span> therefore, that, according to R'Judah, for transgressions of the laws of uncleanness touching the Temple and the holy things thereof Israelites obtain atonement through the blood of the he-goat that is sprinkled within [the Holy of Holies], and priests through Aaron's bullock,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the High Priest's bullock; v. Lev. XVI, 6.');">²²</span> and for other sins all obtain atonement through the confession over the scapegoat; according to R'Simeon, even for other sins priests obtain atonement through the confession pronounced over the bullock. And so it is stated in [the Tractate] Shebu'oth:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shebu. 2b. So in MS.M. and Sh. Mek.; cur. edd. omit 'in Shebu'oth'.');">²³</span> [For all other sins the scapegoat makes atonement] alike for Israelites, priests and the anointed High Priest. Wherein do Israelites differ from priests and the anointed High Priest? Only in that the blood of the bullock makes atonement for priests for the transgressions of the laws of uncleanness touching the Temple and the holy things thereof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cur. edd. insert here: 'This is the opinion of R. Judah'.');">²⁴</span> R'Simeon says, As the blood of the he-goat that is sprinkled within the Holy of Holies makes atonement for the Israelites, so does the blood of the bullock make atonement for the priests; and as the confession of sin pronounced over the scapegoat makes atonement for the Israelites, so does the confession of sin pronounced over the bullock make atonement for the priests. Our Rabbis taught: It is written, And the elders of the congregation shall lay their hands upon the head of the bullock:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. IV, 15 with reference to the bullock offered when the congregation sinned in error by reason of an erroneous ruling of the Beth din.');">²⁵</span> this signifies that only the bullock requires the laying on of hands, but the he-goats offered fo the sin of idolatry do not require the laying on of hands. So R'Judah. But R'Simeon says, [It signifies that] only the bullock requires the laying on of hands by the elders, but the he-goats offered for the sin of idolatry do not require the laying on of hands by the elders but by Aaron.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a priest.');">²⁶</span> There is, however, [a Baraitha] which conflicts with the above, for it was taught: It is written, The live [goat]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XVI, 21 with reference to the scapegoat.');">²⁷</span> this signifies that only the live [goat] requires the laying on of hands, but the he-goats offered for the sin of idolatry do not require the laying on of hands. So R'Judah. But R'Simeon says, [It signifies that] only the live [goat] requires the layin on of hands by Aaron