Menachot 198

Chapter 198

אשביטולהShvytvlhשלShlתורהTvrhזהוZhvיסודהYsvdhדכתיבDkhtyv(שמות(shmvtלד,Ld,א))אשרShrשברתShvrtאמרMrלוLvהקב"הHkvh"למשהLmshhיישרYyshrכחךKhkhkhששברתShshvrt
1when the suppression of the Torah may be the foundation of the Torah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The interruption of the study of the Torah for the performance of a religious act, e.g., to attend a funeral, is sometimes the fulfilment of the Torah and brings with it a reward (Rashi) . ,rca rat ,rcaa rahh');"><sup>1</sup></span> for it is written, 'Which thou didst break': The Holy One, blessed be He, said to Moses, 'Thou didst well to break'!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' God thus expressed His approval of Moses' action. There is here a play upon the words and (ljf) .');"><sup>2</sup></span>
בואמרVmrרישRyshלקישLkyshתלמידTlmydחכםKhkhmשסרחShsrkhאיןYnמבזיןMvzynאותוVtvבפרהסיאVfrhsyשנאמרShnmr(הושע(hvshד,D,ה)H)וכשלתVkhshltהיוםHyvmוכשלVkhshlגםGmנביאNvyעמךMkhלילהLylhכסהוKhshvכלילהKhlylh
2Resh Lakish also said, A scholar who has committed a misdeed must not be reproached<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the par. passage M.K. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> publicly, for it i written, Therefore shalt thou stumble in the day, and the prophet also shall stumble with thee in the night,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hos. IV, 5.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
גואמרVmrרישRyshלקישLkyshכלKhlהמשכחHmshkhkhדברDvrאחדKhdמתלמודוMtlmvdvעוברVvrבלאוVlvשנאמרShnmr(דברים(dvrymד,D,ט)T)השמרHshmrלךLkhושמורVshmvrנפשךNfshkhמאדMdפןFnתשכחTshkhkhאתTהדבריםHdvrymוכדר'Vkhdr'אביןVynאמרMrר'R'אילעאYlדאמרDmrרביRvyאביןVynאמרMrר'R'אילעאYlכלKhlמקוםMkvmשנאמרShnmrהשמרHshmrפןFnואלVlאינוYnvאלאLלאLתעשהTshh
3that is to say, keep it dark,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'cover it up'.');"><sup>5</sup></span> like night.
דרבינאRvynאמרMrהשמרHshmrופןVfnשניShnyלאויןLvynנינהוNynhvרבRvנחמןNkhmnברVrיצחקYtskhkאמרMrבשלשהVshlshhלאויןLvynשנאמרShnmrהשמרHshmrלךLkhושמורVshmvrנפשךNfshkhמאודMvdפןFnתשכחTshkhkhאתTהדבריםHdvrym
4Resh Lakish further said,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Aboth IV, 9 (10) .');"><sup>6</sup></span> He who forgets one word of his study transgresses a negative precept, for it is written, [Only] take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. IV, 9. rna');"><sup>7</sup></span>
היכולYkhvlאפילוFylvמחמתMkhmtאונסוVnsvתלמודTlmvdלומרLvmr(דברים(dvrymד,D,ט)T)ופןVfnיסורוYsvrvמלבבךMlvvkhבמסירםVmsyrmמלבוMlvvהכתובHkhtvvמדברMdvrרביRvyדוסתאיDvstyבר'Vr'ינאיYnyאמרMrיכולYkhvlאפילוFylvתקפהTkfhעליוLyvמשנתוMshntvתלמודTlmvdלומרLvmrרקRk
5This being in accordance with the rule laid down by R'Abin in the name of R'Ila'a; for R'Abin said in the name of R'Ila'a, Wherever there occur in Holy Writ the expressions 'take heed',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'observe', or 'keep'. These expressions are the various meanings of the Heb. root .');"><sup>8</sup></span> 'lest', or 'do not', they are negative precept Rabina said, [He transgresses two negative precepts for] 'take heed' and 'lest' are two negative precepts.
ור'R'יוחנןYvkhnnור'Vr'אלעזרLzrדאמריDmryתרוייהוTrvyyhvתורהTvrhניתנהNytnhבארבעיםVrvymונשמהVnshmhנוצרהNvtsrhבארבעיםVrvymכלKhlהמשמרHmshmrתורתוTvrtvנשמתוNshmtvמשתמרתMshtmrtוכלVkhlשאינוShynvמשמרMshmrאתTהתורהHtvrhאיןYnנשמתוNshmtvמשתמרתMshtmrt
6R'Nahman B'Isaac said, [He transgresses] three [negative precepts], for it is written, '[Only] take heed to thyself, and keep thy soul diligently, lest thou forget the things'. One might suppose that this is so even when he forgets it through no fault of his; the text therefore states, 'And lest they depart from thy heart':<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. IV, 9. rna');"><sup>7</sup></span>
זתנאTnדביDvyרביRvyישמעאלYshmlמשלMshlלאדםLdmשמסרShmsrצפורTsfvrדרורDrvrלעבדוLvdvאמרMrכמדומהKhmdvmhאתהThשאםShmאתהThמאבדהMvdhשאניShnyנוטלNvtlממךMmkhאיסרYsrבדמיהVdmyhנשמתךNshmtkhאניNyנוטלNvtlממך:Mmkh:
7Scripture thus speaks only of him who of set purpose puts them away from his heart. R'Dosethai son of R'Jannai said, One might further suppose that this is so even when his study has been too hard for him; the text therefore states, Only.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A term limiting the application of the rule to special cases.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ח<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big><big><strong>mtny׳</strong></big>שניShnyשולחנותShvlkhnvtהיוHyvבאולםVvlmמבפניםMvfnymעלLפתחFtkhהביתHvytאחדKhdשלShlשיישShyyshואחדVkhdשלShlזהבZhvעלLשלShlשיישShyyshנותניםNvtnymלחםLkhmהפניםHfnymבכניסתוVkhnystvועלVlשלShlזהבZhvביציאתוVytsytv
8R'Johanan and R'Eleazar both said, The Torah was given in forty days and the soul is formed in forty days:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., forty days after conception the soul is implanted in the embryo. In MS.M.: 'the soul is given in forty days'.');"><sup>10</sup></span> whosoever keeps the Torah his soul is kept, and whosoever does not keep the Torah his soul is not kept.
טשמעליןShmlynבקודשVkvdshולאVlמורידיןMvrydynואחדVkhdשלShlזהבZhvמבפניםMvfnymשעליוShlyvלחםLkhmהפניםHfnymתמידTmyd
9A Tanna of the School of R'Ishmael taught: It is like the case of a man who entrusted a swallow to the care of his servant and said to him, 'Do you think that if you suffer it to perish I will take from you an issar<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>11</sup></span> for its value?
יוארבעהVrvhכהניםKhhnymנכנסיןNkhnsynשניםShnymבידםVydmשניShnyסדריםSdrymושניםVshnymבידםVydmשניShnyבזיכיןVzykhynוארבעהVrvhמקדימיןMkdymynלפניהםLfnyhmשניםShnymליטולLytvlשניShnyסדריםSdrymושניםVshnymליטולLytvlשניShnyבזיכיןVzykhyn
10[No,] I will take your soul from you'. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>THERE WERE TWO TABLES INSIDE THE PORCH AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE HOUSE, THE ONE OF MARBLE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 605 n. 7.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יאהמכניסיםHmkhnysymעומדיםVmdymבצפוןVtsfvnופניהםVfnyhmלדרוםLdrvmוהמוציאיןVhmvtsyynעומדיםVmdymבדרוםVdrvmופניהםVfnyhmבצפוןVtsfvnאלוLvמושכיןMvshkhynואלוVlvמניחיןMnykhynוטפחוVtfkhvשלShlזהZhכנגדKhngdטפחוTfkhvשלShlזהZhשנאמרShnmr(שמות(shmvtכה,Khh,ל)L)לפניLfnyתמידTmyd
11AND THE OTHER OF GOLD. ON THE TABLE OF MARBLE THEY LAID THE SHEWBREAD WHEN IT WAS BROUGHT IN, AND ON THE TABLE OF GOLD THEY LAID THE SHEWBREAD WHEN IT WAS BROUGHT OUT, SINCE WHAT IS HOLY WE MUST RAISE [IN HONOUR] BUT NOT BRING DOWN.
יבר'R'יוסיYvsyאומרVmrאפילוFylvאלוLvנוטליןNvtlynואלוVlvמניחיןMnykhynאףFהיאHyהיתהHythתמידTmyd
12AND WITHIN [THE SANCTUARY] WAS A TABLE OF GOLD WHEREON THE SHEWBREAD LAY CONTINUALLY. FOUR PRIESTS ENTERED, TWO BEARING THE TWO ROWS [OF THE SHEWBREAD] IN THEIR HANDS AND TWO BEARING THE TWO DISHES [OF FRANKINCENSE] IN THEIR HANDS; AND FOUR WENT IN BEFORE THEM, TWO TO TAKE AWAY THE TWO ROWS [OF THE SHEWBREAD] AND TWO TO TAKE AWAY THE TWO DISHES [OF FRANKINCENSE].
יגיצאוYtsvונתנוםVntnvmעלLשלחןShlkhnהזהבHzhvשהיהShhyhבאולםVvlmהקטירוHktyrvהבזיכיןHvzykhynוהחלותVhkhlvtמתחלקותMtkhlkvtלכהניםLkhhnym
13THOSE WHO BROUGHT THEM IN STOOD AT THE NORTH SIDE WITH THEIR FACES TO THE SOUTH, AND THOSE WHO TOOK THEM AWAY STOOD AT THE SOUTH SIDE WITH THEIR FACES TO THE NORTH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The priests thus stood facing each other separated only by the breadth of the table, for the table stood lengthwise from east to west.');"><sup>13</sup></span> THESE WITHDREW [THE OLD] AND THE OTHERS LAID DOWN [THE NEW], THE HANDBREADTH OF THE ONE BEING BY THE SIDE OF THE HANDBREADTH OF THE OTHER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the taking away of the old bread and the placing of the new were almost simultaneous.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ידחלKhlיוםYvmכיפוריםKhyfvrymלהיותLhyvtבשבתVshvtהחלותHkhlvtמתחלקותMtkhlkvtלערבLrvחלKhlלהיותLhyvtבערבVrvשבתShvtשעירShyrשלShlיוםYvmהכפוריםHkhfvrymנאכלNkhlלערבLrvוהבבלייםVhvvlyymאוכליןVkhlynאותוVtvכשהואKhshhvחיKhyמפניMfnyשדעתןShdtnיפה:Yfh:
14FOR IT IS WRITTEN, BEFORE ME CONTINUALLY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXV, 30. The Shewbread shall be before the Lord continually and at no time shall the table be without the bread.');"><sup>15</sup></span> R'JOSE SAYS, EVEN IF THESE [FIRST] TOOK AWAY [THE OLD] AND THE OTHERS LAID DOWN [THE NEW LATER ON], THIS TOO FULFILS THE REQUIREMENT OF CONTINUALLY'.
טו<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big><big><strong>gm׳</strong></big>תניאTnyרביRvyיוסיYvsyאומרVmrאפילוFylvסילקSylkאתTהישנהHyshnhשחריתShkhrytוסידרVsydrאתTהחדשהHkhdshhערביתRvytאיןYnבכךVkhkhכלוםKhlvmאלאLמהMhאניNyמקייםMkyymלפניLfnyתמידTmydשלאShlיליןYlynשלחןShlkhnבלאVlלחםLkhm
15THEY WENT AND LAID [THE OLD BREAD] ON THE TABLE OF GOLD THAT WAS IN THE PORCH. THE DISHES [OF FRANKINCENSE] WERE THEN BURNT AND THE CAKES WERE DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE PRIESTS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The cakes were shared out equally among the outgoing division of priests and the ingoing division, and were to be eaten during that day');"><sup>16</sup></span>
טזאמרMrר'R'אמיMyמדבריוMdvryvשלShlר'R'יוסיYvsyנלמודNlmvdאפילוFylvלאLשנהShnhאדםDmאלאLפרקFrkאחדKhdשחריתShkhrytופרקVfrkאחדKhdערביתRvytקייםKyymמצותMtsvt(יהושע(yhvshא,,ח)Kh)לאLימושYmvsh(את)(t)ספרSfrהתורהHtvrhהזהHzhמפיךMfykh
16IF THE DAY OF ATONEMENT FELL ON A SABBATH THE CAKES WERE DISTRIBUTED IN THE EVENING.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., at the conclusion of the Day of Atonement, and they could be eaten only during that night until midnight, for under no circumstances was the time for the eating extended.');"><sup>17</sup></span> IF IT FELL ON A FRIDAY THE HE-GOAT OF THE DAY OF ATONEMENT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXIX, 11. This was the only offering (sc. the Musaf-offering) brought on the Day of Atonement whose flesh was consumed by the priests.');"><sup>18</sup></span>
יזאמרMrרביRvyיוחנןYvkhnnמשוםMshvmרביRvyשמעוןShmvnבןVnיוחיYvkhyאפילוFylvלאLקראKrאדםDmאלאLקריתKrytשמעShmשחריתShkhrytוערביתVrvytקייםKyymלאLימושYmvshודברVdvrזהZhאסורSvrלאומרוLvmrvבפניVfnyעמיMyהארץHrtsורבאVrvאמרMrמצוהMtsvhלאומרוLvmrvבפניVfnyעמיMyהארץHrts
17WAS CONSUMED IN THE EVENING.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the fast and only until midnight. It was obviously eaten raw as it could not be cooked on the Sabbath.');"><sup>19</sup></span> THE BABYLONIAN [PRIESTS] USED TO EAT IT RAW FOR THEY WERE NOT FASTIDIOUS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'their minds (i.e. physical constitutions) were fine'.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יחשאלShlבןVnדמהDmhבןVnאחותוKhvtvשלShlר'R'ישמעאלYshmlאתTר'R'ישמעאלYshmlכגוןKhgvnאניNyשלמדתיShlmdtyכלKhlהתורהHtvrhכולהKhvlhמהוMhvללמודLlmvdחכמתKhkhmtיוניתYvnytקראKrעליוLyvהמקראHmkrהזהHzhלאLימושYmvshספרSfrהתורהHtvrhהזהHzhמפיךMfykhוהגיתVhgytבוVvיומםYvmmולילהVlylhצאTsובדוקVvdvkשעהShhשאינהShynhלאLמןMnהיוםHyvmולאVlמןMnהלילהHlylhולמודVlmvdבהVhחכמתKhkhmtיוניתYvnyt
18<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>It was taught: R'Jose says, Even if the old [Shewbread] was taken away in the morning and the new was set down in the evening there is no harm. How then am I to explain the verse, 'Before me continually'?
יטופליגאVflygדר'Dr'שמואלShmvlברVrנחמניNkhmnyדאמרDmrר'R'שמואלShmvlברVrנחמניNkhmnyאמרMrר'R'יונתןYvntnפסוקFsvkזהZhאינוYnvלאLחובהKhvvhולאVlמצוהMtsvhאלאLברכהVrkhhראהRhהקב"הHkvh"אתTיהושעYhvshשדבריShdvryתורהTvrhחביביםKhvyvymעליוLyvביותרVyvtrשנאמרShnmr(שמות(shmvtלג,Lg,יא)Y)ומשרתוVmshrtvיהושעYhvshבןVnנוןNvnנערNrלאLימישYmyshמתוךMtvkhהאהלHhlאמרMrלוLvהקדושHkdvshברוךVrvkhהואHvיהושעYhvshכלKhlכךKhkhחביביןKhvyvynעליךLykhדבריDvryתורהTvrhלאLימושYmvshספרSfrהתורהHtvrhהזהHzhמפיךMfykh
19[It teaches that] the table should not remain overnight without bread. R'Ammi said, From these words of R'Jose<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who ruled that if the old Shewbread was on the table for some time in the morning and the new for some time in the evening, that can be said to be 'continually'.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
כתנאTnדביDvyר'R'ישמעאלYshmlדבריDvryתורהTvrhלאLיהוYhvעליךLykhחובהKhvvhואיVyאתהThרשאיRshyלפטורLftvrעצמךTsmkhמהןMhn
20we learn that even though a man learns but one chapter in the morning and one chapter in the evening he has thereby fulfilled the precept of 'This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jos. I, 8.');"><sup>22</sup></span> R'Johanan said in the name of R'Simeon B'Yohai, Even though a man but reads the Shema'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The passage commencing 'Hear, O Israel' (Deut. VI, 4ff) .');"><sup>23</sup></span>
כאאמרMrחזקיהKhzkyhמאיMyדכתיבDkhtyv(איוב(yvvלו,Lv,טז)Tz)ואףVfהסיתךHsytkhמפיMfyצרTsrרחבRkhvלאLמוצקMvtskתחתיהTkhtyhבואVvוראהVrhשלאShlכמדתKhmdtהקדושHkdvshברוךVrvkhהואHvמדתMdtבשרVshrודםVdmמדתMdtבשרVshrודםVdmאדםDmמסיתMsytאתTחבירוKhvyrvמדרכיMdrkhyחייםKhyymלדרכיLdrkhyמיתהMythוהקדושVhkdvshברוךVrvkhהואHvמסיתMsytאתTהאדםHdmמדרכיMdrkhyמיתהMythלדרכיLdrkhyחייםKhyymשנאמרShnmrואףVfהסיתךHsytkhמפיMfyצרTsrמגיהנםMgyhnmשפיהShfyhצרTsrשעשנהShshnhצבורTsvvr
21morning and evening he has thereby fulfilled the precept of '[This book of the law] shall not depart'. It is forbidden, however, to say this in the presence of 'amme ha-arez.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Plur. 'of 'am ha-arez, v. Glos. Such a pronouncement might deter the common people from educating their children in the study of the Torah, seeing that the Scriptural precept is fulfilled by the twice daily recital of the Shema'.');"><sup>24</sup></span> But Raba said, It is a meritorious act to say it in t presence of amme ha-arez.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For they would argue thus: if merely for the recital of the Shema' twice daily the reward is offered: 'Then thou shalt make thy ways prosperous and then thou shalt have good success' (Jos. ibid.) , how great shall be the reward for those that devote their whole time to the study of the Torah!');"><sup>25</sup></span> Ben Damah the son of R'Ishmael's sister once asked R'Ishmael, May one such as I who have studied the whole of the Torah learn Greek wisdom?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Probably the study of Greek philosophy. V. supra ');"><sup>26</sup></span> He thereupon read to him the following verse, This book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth, but thou shalt meditate therein day and night.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jos. ibid.');"><sup>27</sup></span> Go then and find a time that is neither day nor night and learn then Greek wisdom. This, however, is at variance with the view of R'Samuel B'Nahmani. For R'Samuel B'Nahmani said in the name of R'Jonathan, This verse is neither duty nor command but a blessing. For when the Holy One, blessed be He, saw that the words of the Torah were most precious to Joshua, as it is written, His minister Joshua, the son of Nun, a young man, departed not out of the tent,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXIII, 11.');"><sup>28</sup></span> He said to him, 'Joshua, since the words of the Torah are so precious to thee, [I assure thee,] 'this book of the law shall not depart out of thy mouth'! A Tanna of the School of R'Ishmael taught: The words of the Torah should not be unto thee as a debt,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which must be paid off, one's whole desire being to discharge the debt so as to be free from it.');"><sup>29</sup></span> neither art thou at liberty to desist from it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Ab. II, 16.');"><sup>30</sup></span> Hezekiah said, What is the meaning of the verse, Yea, He hath allured thee out of the mouth of straits into a broad place, where there is no straitness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job. XXXVI, 16.');"><sup>31</sup></span> Come and see that the manner of the Holy One, blessed be He, is not like that [of men] of flesh and blood. A man of flesh and blood allures another out of the ways of life into the ways of death;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Deut. XIII, 7 where the same expression is used of enticement into idolatry.');"><sup>32</sup></span> but the Holy One, blessed be He, allures man out of the ways of death into the ways of life,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. - to the Torah which delivers from the fire of Gehenna.');"><sup>33</sup></span> as it is written, 'Yea, He hath allured thee out of the mouth of straits', that is, out of Gehen whose mouth is narrow so that its smoke is stored up