Menachot 219

Chapter 219

א ונשבעות לה' צבאות הלכו לאלכסנדריא של מצרים ובנו מזבח והעלו עליו לשם שמים שנאמר (ישעיהו יט, יט) ביום ההוא יהיה מזבח לה' בתוך ארץ מצרים
1 and swear to the Lord of hosts.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 18.');"><sup>1</sup></span> Thereupon they went to Alexandria in Egypt, built an altar there, and offered thereon sacrifices in honour of God, as it is written, In that day there shall be an altar to the Lord i the midst of the land of Egypt.
ב (ישעיהו יט, יח) עיר ההרס יאמר לאחת מאי עיר ההרס יאמר לאחת כדמתרגם רב יוסף קרתא דבית שמש דעתיד למיחרב איתאמר דהיא חדא מנהון וממאי דעיר ההרס לישנא דשימשא היא דכתיב (איוב ט, ז) האומר לחרס ולא יזרח
2 One shall be called the city of Heres.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XIX, 18. xrj');"><sup>2</sup></span> What is meant by The city of Heres? - As R'Joseph rendered it in Aramaic: The city of Beth Shemesh [the sun], which is destined to destruction, will be said to be one of them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' has the meaning of 'destruction' and also 'the sun'. xrj');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג (ישעיהו מג, ו) הביאי בני מרחוק ובנותי מקצה הארץ הביאי בני מרחוק אמר רב הונא אלו גליות של בבל שדעתן מיושבת עליהן כבנים ובנותי מקצה הארץ אלו גליות של שאר ארצות שאין דעתן מיושבת עליהן כבנות
3 But whence do we know that Heres signifies the sun? For it is written, Who commandeth the sun [heres] and it riseth not.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job IX, 7. Heb.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ד אמר רבי אבא בר רב יצחק אמר רב חסדא ואמרי לה אמר רב יהודה אמר רב מצור ועד קרטיגני מכירין את ישראל ואת אביהם שבשמים ומצור כלפי מערב ומקרטיגני כלפי מזרח אין מכירין את ישראל ולא את אביהן שבשמים
4 Bring My sons from far, and My daughters from the ends of the earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XLIII, 6.');"><sup>5</sup></span> 'Bring My sons from far': R'Huna said, These are the exiles in Babylon, who are at ease<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whose minds are settled'. The Jews living in Babylon were for the most part less subject to persecution than their brethren in other lands.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ה איתיביה רב שימי בר חייא לרב (מלאכי א, יא) ממזרח שמש ועד מבואו גדול שמי בגוים ובכל מקום מוקטר מוגש לשמי ומנחה טהורה אמר ליה שימי את דקרו ליה אלהא דאלהא
5 like sons.' And My daughters from the ends of the earth': These are the exiles in other lands, who are not at ease,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whose minds are settled'. The Jews living in Babylon were for the most part less subject to persecution than their brethren in other lands.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ו בכל מקום מוקטר מוגש לשמי בכל מקום סלקא דעתך אמר רבי שמואל בר נחמני אמר ר' יונתן אלו תלמידי חכמים העוסקים בתורה בכל מקום מעלה אני עליהן כאילו מקטירין ומגישין לשמי
6 like daughters.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Woman's tranquil frame of mind is more readily disturbed by troubles than man's.');"><sup>7</sup></span> R'Abba B'R'Isaac said in the name of R'Hisda - others say, Rab Judah said in the name of Rab, From Tyre to Carthage the nations know Israel and their Father who is in heaven; but from Tyre westwards<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Geographically this is difficult to understand, for westwards of Tyre is the Mediterranean Sea and eastwards of Carthage is that region which, according to the first part of this sentence, is inhabited by those people who recognize their Father who is in heaven. It has already been suggested by M. Schwartz, Dos Heilige Land, p. 274 that 'westwards' and 'eastwards' should be transposed. Cf. also Neubauer, Geographie. p. 294.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ז ומנחה טהורה זה הלומד תורה בטהרה נושא אשה ואחר כך לומד תורה
7 and from Carthage eastwards<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Geographically this is difficult to understand, for westwards of Tyre is the Mediterranean Sea and eastwards of Carthage is that region which, according to the first part of this sentence, is inhabited by those people who recognize their Father who is in heaven. It has already been suggested by M. Schwartz, Dos Heilige Land, p. 274 that 'westwards' and 'eastwards' should be transposed. Cf. also Neubauer, Geographie. p. 294.');"><sup>8</sup></span> the nations know neither Israel nor their Father who is in heaven.
ח (תהלים קלד, א) שיר המעלות הנה ברכו את ה' כל עבדי ה' העומדים בבית ה' בלילות מאי בלילות אמר ר' יוחנן אלו תלמידי חכמים העוסקים בתורה בלילה מעלה עליהן הכתוב כאילו עסוקים בעבודה
8 R'Shimi B'Hiyya raised the following objection against Rab: Is it not written, For from the rising of the sun even unto the going down of the same My name is great among the nations; and in every place offerings are burnt and presented unto My name, even pure oblations?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mal. I, 11.');"><sup>9</sup></span> - He replied.
ט (דברי הימים ב ב, ג) לעולם זאת על ישראל אמר רב גידל אמר רב זה מזבח בנוי ומיכאל שר הגדול עומד ומקריב עליו קרבן
9 You, Shimi!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 186, n. 3.');"><sup>10</sup></span> They call Him the God of Gods.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But they do not worship Him.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
י ורבי יוחנן אמר אלו תלמידי חכמים העסוקין בהלכות עבודה מעלה עליהם הכתוב כאילו נבנה מקדש בימיהם
10 'And in every place offerings are burnt and presented unto My name'.' In every place'! Is this possible? - R'Samuel B'Nahmani said in the name of R'Jonathan.
יא אמר ריש לקיש מאי דכתיב (ויקרא ז, לז) זאת התורה לעולה למנחה ולחטאת ולאשם כל העוסק בתורה כאילו הקריב עולה מנחה חטאת ואשם
11 This refers to the scholars who devote themselves to the study of the Torah in whatever place they are: [God says,] I account it unto them as though they burnt and presented offerings to My name.' Even pure oblations': this refers to one who studies the Torah in purity; that is, one who marries a wife and afterwards studies the Torah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that he is undisturbed by impure thoughts.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
יב אמר רבא האי לעולה למנחה עולה ומנחה מיבעי ליה אלא אמר רבא כל העוסק בתורה אינו צריך לא עולה (ולא חטאת) ולא מנחה ולא אשם
12 A song of Ascents. Behold, bless ye the Lord, all ye servants of the Lord, that stand in the house of the Lord in the night seasons.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. CXXXIV, 1.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
יג אמר רבי יצחק מאי דכתיב (ויקרא ו, יח) זאת תורת החטאת וזאת תורת האשם כל העוסק בתורת חטאת כאילו הקריב חטאת וכל העוסק בתורת אשם כאילו הקריב אשם:
13 What is the meaning of 'in the night seasons'? - R'Johanan said, This refers to the scholars who devote themselves to the study of the Torah at nights: Holy Writ accounts it to them as though they were occupied with the Temple service. This is an ordinance for ever to Israel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Chron. II, 3. This verse implies that the altar-offerings will never cease.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יד <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> נאמר בעולת בהמה (ויקרא א, ט) אשה ריח ניחוח ובעולת עוף (ויקרא א, ט) אשה ריח ניחוח ובמנחה (ויקרא ב, ב) אשה ריח ניחוח לומר לך אחד המרבה ואחד הממעיט ובלבד שיכוין לבו לשמים:
14 R'Giddal said in the name of Rab, This refers to the altar built [i heaven].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Hag. 12b.');"><sup>15</sup></span> where Michael, the great Prince,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Israel's guardian angel; v. Dan. XII, 1. Cf. Yoma 77a. ktfhnu');"><sup>16</sup></span>
טו <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר ר' זירא מאי קראה (קהלת ה, יא) מתוקה שנת העובד אם מעט ואם הרבה יאכל
15 stands and offers up thereon an offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the souls of the righteous. V. Tosaf s.v. .');"><sup>17</sup></span> R'Johanan said, It refers to the scholars who are occupied with the laws of Temple service: Holy Writ imputes it to them as though the Temple were built in their days.
טז רב אדא בר אהבה אמר מהכא (קהלת ה, י) ברבות הטובה רבו אוכליה ומה כשרון לבעליו:
16 Resh Lakish said, What is the significance of the verse, This is the law for the burnt-offering, for the meal-offering, for the sin-offering, and for the guilt-offering?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VII, 37.');"><sup>18</sup></span> It teaches that whosoever occupies himself with the study of the Torah is as though he were offering a burnt-offering, a meal-offering a sin-offering, and a guilt-offering, Raba asked, Why then does the verse say.'
יז תניא אמר רבי שמעון בן עזאי בוא וראה מה כתיב בפרשת קרבנות שלא נאמר בהן לא אל ולא אלהים אלא ה' שלא ליתן פתחון פה לבעל דין לחלוק
17 For the burnt-offering, for the meal-offering'? It should have said, 'a burnt-offering, a meal-offering'! Rather, said Raba, it means that whosoever occupies himself with the study of the Torah needs neither burnt-offering, nor meal-offering, nor sin-offering, nor guilt-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The verse accordingly means: The Torah is for, i.e., in lieu of, the burnt-offering, the meal-offering, etc.: the study of the Torah makes vkugk vkug tk atonement like the offering of sacrifice. Another interpretation: stands for 'no (need for) burnt-offering'; cf. Ned. 11a.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
יח ונאמר בשור הגס (ויקרא א, ט) אשה ריח ניחוח ובעוף הדק (ויקרא א, ט) אשה ריח ניחוח ובמנחה (ויקרא ב, ב) אשה ריח ניחוח לומר לך אחד המרבה ואחד הממעיט ובלבד שיכוין את לבו לשמים
18 R'Isaac said, What is the significance of the verses, This is the law of the sin-offering;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VI, 18.');"><sup>20</sup></span> and This is the law of the guilt-offering?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VII, 1.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יט ושמא תאמר לאכילה הוא צריך תלמוד לאמר (תהלים נ, יב) אם ארעב לא אומר לך כי לי תבל ומלואה ונאמר (תהלים נ, י) כי לי כל חיתו יער בהמות בהררי אלף ידעתי כל עוף הרים וזיז שדי עמדי האוכל בשר אבירים ודם עתודים אשתה
19 They teach that whosoever occupies himself with the study of the laws of the sin-offering is as though he were offering a sin-offering, and whosoever occupies himself with the study of the laws of the guilt-offering is as though he were offering a guilt-offering. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IT IS SAID OF THE BURNT-OFFERINGS OF CATTLE, AN OFFERING MADE BY FIRE OF A SWEET SAVOUR;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. I, 9.');"><sup>22</sup></span>
כ לא אמרתי אליכם זבחו כדי שתאמר אעשה רצונו ויעשה רצוני לא לרצוני אתם זובחים אלא לרצונכם אתם זובחים שנאמר (ויקרא יט, ה) לרצונכם תזבחהו
20 AND OF THE BURNT-OFFERINGS OF BIRDS, AN OFFERING MADE BY FIRE OF A SWEET SAVOUR;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 17.');"><sup>23</sup></span> AND OF THE MEAL-OFFERING, AN OFFERING MADE BY FIRE OF A SWEET SAVOUR:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. II, 2. scug');"><sup>24</sup></span>
כא דבר אחר לרצונכם תזבחהו לרצונכם זבחו לדעתכם זבחו
21 TO TEACH YOU THAT IT IS THE SAME WHETHER A MAN OFFERS MUCH OR LITTLE, SO LONG AS HE DIRECTS HIS HEART TO HEAVEN. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>R'Zera said, Where do we find a Scriptural reference to this?
כב כדבעא מיניה שמואל מרב הונא מנין למתעסק בקדשים שהוא פסול שנאמר ושחט את בן הבקר שתהא שחיטה לשם בן בקר
22 In the verse, Sweet is the sleep of a labouring man, whether he eat little or much.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Eccl. V, 11. Heb. is here given the meaning of 'one who brings an offering' (cf. Isa. XIX, 21) and the interpretation of the verse is: Sweet is the sleep of the man who brings an offering; be it little or much, he shall enjoy the reward thereof.');"><sup>25</sup></span> R'Adda B'Ahabah said, In the following verse, When goods increase, they are increased that eat them; and what advantage is there to the owner thereof, [saving the beholding of them with his eyes]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 10. The interpretation of the verse is: When offerings increase there are many priests that eat them; but what advantage is the abundance of offerings to the Holy One, the Owner of all, saving the beholding of the heart that prompts the offering? kt ohvkt');"><sup>26</sup></span>
כג אמר לו זו בידינו הוא לעכב מנין תלמוד לאמר לרצונכם תזבחהו לדעתכם זבחו:
23 It was taught: R'Simeon B''Azzai said. Come and see what is written in the chapter of the sacrifices.
כד <br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך הרי עלי עשרון וסליקא לה מסכת מנחות</strong></big><br><br>
24 Neither el<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. and , meaning God. For these terms are also used in connection with idols (Maharsha) .');"><sup>27</sup></span> nor elohim<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. and , meaning God. For these terms are also used in connection with idols (Maharsha) .');"><sup>27</sup></span> is found there, but only the Lord, so as not to give sectarians any occasion to rebel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By finding support in Scripture for their heretical belief in the plurality of deities.');"><sup>28</sup></span> Furthermore, it is said of a large ox, 'An offering made by fire of a sweet savour'; of a small bird, ' offering made by fire of a sweet savour'; and of a meal-offering, 'An offering made by fire of a sweet savour': to teach you that it is the same whether a man offers much or little, so long as he directs his heart to heaven. And lest you say, He needs it for food, the text therefore states, If I were hungry, I would not tell thee; for world is Mine and the fulness thereof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. L, 12.');"><sup>29</sup></span> And it also says, For every beast of the forest is Mine, and the cattl upon a thousand hills. I know all the fowls of the mountains; and the wild beasts of the field are mine. Do I eat the flesh of bulls, or drink the blood of goats?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 10, 11, 13.');"><sup>30</sup></span> I did not bid you to sacrifice so that you should say, I will do His will that He may do my will.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ritual of sacrifice was an ordinance of God which was to be performed not in order to obtain a reciprocal favour from Him, but simply because He had willed it so.');"><sup>31</sup></span> You do not sacrifice for My sake, but for your own sakes, as it is written, Ye shall sacrifice it at your will.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIX, 5.');"><sup>32</sup></span> Another interpretation is: 'Ye shall sacrifice it at your will': sacrifice it of your own free will, sacrifice it with the proper intention. As Samuel once enquired of R'Huna, Whence do we know that the offering is invalid if the act [of slaughtering] was performed incidentally?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If, e.g., a man was handling a knife, when it accidentally fell from his hand and it slaughtered an offering.');"><sup>33</sup></span> [He replied,] Because it is written, And he shall slaughter the bullock,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. I, 5.');"><sup>34</sup></span> thus teaching that the slaughtering should be intended for the bullock. Said the other, This we already know;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this is in our hands'.');"><sup>35</sup></span> but whence do we know that this rule is indispensable? [He replied,] Because it is written, 'Ye shall sacrifice it at your will', that is t sacrifice it with the proper intention.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since we have two verses each directing that the slaughtering of the sacrifice must be intentional, this rule becomes indispensable, in accordance with the Rabbinic dictum: Wherever Scripture repeats an injunction in connection with holy things it is meant to be indispensable. ');"><sup>36</sup></span>