Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Menachot 56

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1

שעשה משה כשרים לו וכשרים לדורות חצוצרות כשרות לו ופסולות לדורות

which Moses had made were valid for him and valid also for future generations; the trumpets, however, were valid for him but invalid for future generations. What is the reason for the trumpets?

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2

חצוצרות מ"ט אילימא דאמר קרא (במדבר י, ב) עשה לך לך ולא לדורות אלא מעתה (דברים י, א) ועשית לך ארון עץ הכי נמי דלך ולא לדורות

Should you say because it is written, Make thee,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid.');"><sup>1</sup></span> that is, for thyself only but not for future generations; then the verse, And make thee an ark of wood,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. X, 1.');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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3

אלא אי למאן דאמר לך משלך אי למ"ד כביכול בשלך אני רוצה יותר משלהם האי נמי מיבעי ליה להכי שאני התם דאמר קרא לך לך תרי זימני עשה לך והיו לך

would also signify for thyself only but not for future generations.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But this was not the case, for the same ark which Moses had made was used in the future generations.');"><sup>3</sup></span> But in fact the expression 'thee' [in the latter verse] means, according to one opinion,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Yoma 3b.');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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4

תני רב פפא בריה דרב חנין קמיה דרב יוסף מנורה היתה באה מן העשת מן הזהב עשאה של כסף כשרה של בעץ ושל אבר ושל גיסטרון רבי פוסל ור' יוסי ברבי יהודה מכשיר של עץ ושל עצם ושל זכוכית דברי הכל פסולה

of thine own, or according to another opinion, 'I would have preferred it to come from thine own rather than from theirs';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If only this were possible; but it is not since it is the duty of the whole community to provide it. In cur. edd. the expression 'as though it were possible' (the usual expression used when referring to God in anthropomorphic terms) is here inserted, but it is not found in any MS., and indeed it is quite unnecessary here.');"><sup>5</sup></span> then here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of the trumpets.');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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5

א"ל מאי דעתך א"ל בין מר ובין מר כללי ופרטי דרשי

too it means the same thing! - Here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of the trumpets.');"><sup>7</sup></span> it is different, since 'thee' is stated twice: 'Make thee' and 'They shall be unto thee'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. X, 2. iuryhxd .gm');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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6

מיהו מר סבר מה הפרט מפורש של מתכת אף כל של מתכת ומר סבר מה הפרט מפורש דבר חשוב אף כל דבר חשוב אמר ליה סמי דידך מקמי דידי

R'Papa the son of R'Hanin recited the following teaching before R'Joseph: The candlestick had to be made from one mass and of gold; if it was made of silver it is still valid; if of tin or lead or gasitron,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , prob. ** tin; perhaps of a special kind, as distinguished from , ordinary tin.');"><sup>9</sup></span> Rabbi declares it to be invalid, but R'Jose B'Judah declares it to be valid.

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7

דתניא כלי שרת שעשאן של עץ רבי פוסל ורבי יוסי ברבי יהודה מכשיר במאי קא מיפלגי רבי דריש כללי ופרטי ורבי יוסי בר' יהודה דריש ריבויי ומיעוטי

If it was made of wood or of bone or of glass, all agree that it is invalid. Thereupon he said to him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Joseph said to R. Papa.');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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8

רבי דריש כללי ופרטי (שמות כה, לא) ועשית מנורת כלל זהב טהור פרט מקשה תיעשה המנורה חזר וכלל כלל ופרט וכלל אי אתה דן אלא כעין הפרט מה הפרט מפורש של מתכת אף כל של מתכת

What can be the reason for this?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This distinction in R. Jose b. Judah, according to which it is valid if made of lead or of tin, but invalid if made of wood.');"><sup>11</sup></span> He replied, Both masters interpret [the verse] by the principle of 'general proposition and specification',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra.');"><sup>12</sup></span>

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9

ר' יוסי בר' יהודה דריש ריבויי ומיעוטי ועשית מנורת ריבה זהב טהור מיעט מקשה תיעשה המנורה חזר וריבה ריבה ומיעט וריבה ריבה הכל ומאי רבי רבי כל מילי ומאי מיעט מיעט של חרס

but they differ in this: one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Jose b. Judah.');"><sup>13</sup></span> concludes, as the thing specified is clearly a metal, so all metals are permitted; but the other concludes, as the thing specified is a valuable [metal], so only valuable [metals] are permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rabbi therefore excludes lead and tin, and also wood.');"><sup>14</sup></span>

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10

אדרבה סמי דידך מקמי דידי לא ס"ד דתניא אין לו זהב מביא אף של כסף של נחשת של ברזל ושל בדיל ושל עופרת רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה מכשיר אף בשל עץ

Then said [R'Joseph] to him, Set aside your teaching in view of mine, for it has been taught: If vessels of ministry were made of wood, Rabbi declares them invalid, but R'Jose B'Judah declares them valid. In what do they differ?

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11

ותניא אידך לא יעשה אדם בית תבנית היכל אכסדרה כנגד אולם חצר כנגד עזרה שלחן כנגד שלחן מנורה כנגד מנורה אבל עושה הוא של חמשה ושל ששה ושל שמנה ושל שבעה לא יעשה ואפילו משאר מיני מתכות

Rabbi interprets [the verse] by the principle of 'general proposition and specification', whereas R'Jose B'Judah interprets it by the principle of 'amplification and limitation'. Rabbi interprets the verse by 'general proposition and specification' thus, And thou shalt make a candlestick<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXV, 31.');"><sup>15</sup></span>

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12

ר' יוסי בר רבי יהודה אומר אף של עץ לא יעשה כדרך שעשו מלכי בית חשמונאי אמרו לו משם ראיה שפודים של ברזל היו וחיפום בבעץ העשירו עשאום של כסף חזרו והעשירו עשאום של זהב

is a general proposition, 'of pure gold' is a particular specification, 'of beaten work shall the candlestick be made' is another general proposition; we thus have two general propositions separated by a particular specification, in which case you may only include such things as are similar to the thing specified, and as the thing specified is clearly a metal so all metals are included. R'Jose B'Judah on the other hand interprets the verse by 'amplification and limitation' thus, 'And thou shalt make a candlestick' is an amplifying proposition, 'of pure gold' is a limitation, 'of beaten work shall the candlestick be made' is another amplifying proposition; we thus have two amplifying propositions separated by a limitation, in which case they include [well-nigh] everything.

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13

אמר שמואל משמיה דסבא גובהה של מנורה שמנה עשר טפחים הרגלים והפרח ג' טפחים וטפחיים חלק וטפח שבו גביע וכפתור ופרח וטפחיים חלק וטפח כפתור

What do they include? Everything.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All substances, even wood.');"><sup>16</sup></span>

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14

ושני קנים יוצאין ממנו אחד אילך ואחד אילך ונמשכין ועולין כנגד גובהה של מנורה וטפח חלק וטפח כפתור ושני קנים יוצאין ממנו אחד אילך ואחד אילך נמשכין ועולין כנגד גובהה של מנורה וטפח חלק וטפח כפתור ושני קנים יוצאין ממנו אחד אילך ואחד אילך ונמשכין ועולין כנגד גובהה של מנורה וטפחיים חלק נשתיירו שם ג' טפחים שבהן ג' גביעין וכפתור ופרח

And what do they exclude? Earthenware.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is of little value. This Baraitha, according to which R. Jose allows all substances except earthenware, and Rabbi allows all metals, overrides the former Baraitha quoted by R. Papa.');"><sup>17</sup></span>

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15

וגביעין למה הן דומין כמין כוסות אלכסנדריים כפתורים למה הן דומין כמין תפוחי הכרתיים פרחים למה הן דומין כמין פרחי העמודין ונמצאו גביעין עשרים ושנים כפתורים אחד עשר פרחים תשעה

On the contrary, Set aside your teaching because of mine! - You cannot say so,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For according to R. Papa's teaching R. Jose does not allow wood, but this is in conflict with the two Baraithas which follow.');"><sup>18</sup></span> for it was taught: If there was no gold available for it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the candlestick.');"><sup>19</sup></span>

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16

גביעים מעכבין זה את זה כפתורים מעכבין זה את זה פרחים מעכבין זה את זה גביעים כפתורים ופרחים מעכבין זה את זה

it may be made of silver, of copper, of iron, of tin or of lead. R'Jose B'Judah allows it even of wood.

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17

בשלמא גביעים עשרים ושנים דכתיב (שמות כה, לד) ובמנורה ארבעה גביעים וגו' וכתיב (שמות כה, לג) שלשה גביעים משוקדים בקנה האחד כפתור ופרח וגו' ארבעה דידה

And another Baraitha also taught: A man may not make a house after the design of the Temple, or a porch after the design of the Temple porch, or a courtyard after the design of the Temple court, or a table after the design of the table [in the Temple], or a candlestick after the design of the candlestick [in the Temple]. He may, however, make one with five, six or eight [branches], but with seven he may not make one, even though it be of other metal.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the seven-branched candlestick of the Temple was permitted to be made of other metals too, and even of wood according to R. Jose b. Judah.');"><sup>20</sup></span> R'Jose B'Judah says, He should not make one even of wood, for thus did the Hasmonean kings make it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the Temple candlestick, after they had retaken and purified the Temple.');"><sup>21</sup></span> But [the Rabbis] said to him, Is any proof to be deduced from that? In fact it was made of iron bars which they overlaid with tin;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Many MSS. read: 'with wood'.');"><sup>22</sup></span> when they [the Hasmoneans] grew richer they made one of silver, and when they grew still richer they made one of gold. Samuel said in the name of an old scholar, The height of the candlestick was eighteen handbreadths: three handbreadths for the base and the flower upon it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra, p. 185, n. 6.');"><sup>23</sup></span> two handbreadths plain,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., without any ornamentation.');"><sup>24</sup></span> one handbreadth for cup, knop and flower, again two handbreadths plain, one handbreadth for a knop out of which two branches come forth, one on each side, extending and rising to the same height as the candlestick, then one handbreadth plain, one handbreadth for a knop out of which two branches come forth, one on each side, extending and rising to the same height as the candlestick, then again one handbreadth plain, and one handbreadth for a knop out of which two branches come forth, one on each side, extending and rising to the same height as the candlestick, and then two handbreadths plain; there now remained<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the central or main shaft of the candlestick.');"><sup>25</sup></span> three handbreadths, in which space were three cups, a knop and a flower. The cups were like Alexandrian goblets,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which were wide at the top and tapered down towards the base.');"><sup>26</sup></span> the knops like Cretan apples, and the flowers like the blossoms around the capitals of columns. It will be found, therefore, that there were twenty-two cups, eleven knops, and nine flowers. Of the cups the [omission of] one invalidates the others, of the knops the [omission of] one invalidates the others, and of the flowers the [omission of] one invalidates the others; moreover, of the cups, the knops and the flowers, the [omission of] one kind invalidates the others. It is quite clear that there were twenty-two cups, for it is written, And in th candlestick were four cups,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXV, 34; the reference being to the central shaft.');"><sup>27</sup></span> and it is also written, Three cups like almond-blossoms in one branch, a knop and a flower;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 33.');"><sup>28</sup></span> so that its own four<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., of the central shaft.');"><sup>29</sup></span>

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