Moed Katan 28

ואי אמרת קטן אית ביה פלוגתא נמצאת אבילות נוהגת בקטן

Now if you say that there is a difference here in the case of the infant,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whether the infant was born during or before the festival, in which latter case he must not be cropped, and consequently on the principle just enunciated he may not be cropped on his days of mourning.');">¹</span> you are this implying that [the observance of] mourning obtains in the case of a minor, whereas it is taught: 'A minor's garment is rent out of grief of soul'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 26h. It is done, not as an obligatory observance on the part of the child, but merely to deepen the poignancy of grief among the mourners by including the young, unknowing child in the sorrow.');">²</span>

והתניא מקרעין לקטן מפני עגמת נפש

R'Ashi said [that the negative inference is faulty, for] does it [actually] state 'but those are forbidden'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'But those who are forbidden to crop their hair during the festival (week) are (likewise) forbidden to do it during the (thirty) days of mourning'.');">³</span> Perhaps [it means to state] that some there are who are forbidden<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of adults.');">⁴</span>

אמר רב אשי מי קתני הא אסורין דלמא יש מהן אסור ויש מהן מותר

and some others who are permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of minors.');">⁵</span> Amemar, or some say.

אמימר ואי תימא רב שישא בריה דרב אידי מתני הכי אמר שמואל קטן מותר לגלחו במועד לא שנא נולד במועד ולא שנא נולד מעיקרא

R'Shisha son of R'Idi, taught thus: 'Samuel said: "An infant may be cropped in the festival [week]: it makes no difference whether he was born during the festival [week] or was born before".' Said R'Phineas: We learned this also [indirectly] from [the following]: 'Every one of those mentioned [by the Sages] as being permitted to crop during the festival [week] may likewise crop his hair during the [thirty] days of his mourning'; which means conversely, but every one of those who is forbidden to crop during the festival [week] is likewise forbidden to crop during the [thirty] days of his mourning.

אמר רב פנחס אף אנן נמי תנינא כל אלו שאמרו מותר לגלח במועד מותר לגלח בימי אבלו הא אסורין לגלח במועד אסורין לגלח בימי אבלו

Now if you say that a [newly-born] infant is forbidden [to be cropped] you find yourself [implying] that [the observance of] mourning obtains in the case of a minor; whereas it is taught [distinctly]: 'The garment of a minor is rent [merely] out of grief of soul'? - Said R'Ashi: [That negative inference is faulty for] does it [actually] state 'But he who is forbidden [in the festival week] is also forbidden during his [thirty] days of mourning? Probably it means that some there are who are forbidden and some others who are permitted.

אי אמרת קטן אסור נמצאת אבילות נוהגת בקטן ותניא מקרעין לקטן מפני עגמת נפש

A mourner does not deport himself as one in mourning during a festival, as it is said: And thou shalt rejoice in the feast.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XVI, 14.');">⁶</span> [For], if his mourning began before [the festival], a positive precept incumbent on the community<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The divine charge, an 'ordinance' to the community to observe the joyous celebration of the festival.');">⁷</span>

אמר רב אשי מי קתני הא אסורין דלמא יש מהן אסור ויש מהן מותר

overrides one incumbent on him as an individual;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The observance of mourning.');">⁸</span> and if his mourning began just then [during the festival], an individual's function cannot come and put off that of the public.

אבל אינו נוהג אבילותו ברגל שנאמר (דברים טז, יד) ושמחת בחגך

Now what about one separated [under a ban]? Should he deport himself as one in 'separation' during a festival? - Said R'Joseph: Come and hear: 'They [the Courts] deal with capital offenses, with [offenses involving judicial] floggings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of thirty-nine stripes, for a well-attested breach of a Scriptural prohibition after due warning. V. Deut. XXV, 1-3; Mak., Sonc. ed. p. 90, n. 1.');">⁹</span>

אי אבילות דמעיקרא הוא אתי עשה דרבים ודחי עשה דיחיד ואי אבילות דהשתא הוא לא אתי עשה דיחיד ודחי עשה דרבים

and monetary suits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Claims or fines. So Tosef. M.K. II, 11.');">¹⁰</span> [during the festival week]'.

מנודה מהו שינהוג נידויו ברגל אמר רב יוסף תא שמע דנין דיני נפשות ודיני מכות ודיני ממונות ואי לא ציית דינא משמתינן ליה

[This implies that] if one heeds not the [court's] decision, we put him under a ban.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shammetha, to enforce public discipline.');">¹¹</span> Now if you presume that he should not deport himself during the festival like one under 'separation', [then] seeing that where one is already fallen under a ban, the festival comes and suspends [the ban],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., his disabilities of seclusion and wearing a mourner's garb as in the case of the mourner.');">¹²</span>

ואי סלקא דעתך אינו נוהג נידויו ברגל משומת ואתי מעיקרא אתי רגל דחי ליה השתא משמתינן ליה אנן

shall we pronounce him banned in the first instance [during the festival]? Abaye replied: Perhaps [the object of the adjudication is] to examine the charge against him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without pronouncing judgment.');">¹³</span>

א"ל אביי ודלמא לעיוני בדיניה דאי לא תימא הכי דיני נפשות דקתני ה"נ דקטלין ליה

For, should you not say thus, then 'capital offenses' therein mentioned would likewise mean indeed that they would have him slain; but surely thereby they [the judges] themselves would be debarred from 'rejoicing in the feast' [as is Scripturally ordained], as it is taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sanh., Sonc. ed. p. 430.');">¹⁴</span> Says R'Akiba: Whence may it be shown that a Sanhedrin [Court] that put a [sinning] soul to death do not taste [food] all that day?

והא קא מימנעי משמחת יום טוב דתניא ר"ע אומר מנין לסנהדרין (שראו בא') שהרגו את הנפש שאין טועמין כל אותו היום ת"ל (ויקרא יט, כו) לא תאכלו על הדם

From the instructive text 'Ye shall not eat on the blood'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIX, 26.');">¹⁵</span> Therefore [I say] it must be only to examine the charge against him, and likewise here it is only to examine the charge against him.

אלא לעיוני בדיניה ה"נ לעיוני בדיניה א"ל אם כן נמצאת מענה את דינו

Said R'Joseph to him: If [you explain it] so, the result is that you delay the execution of his sentence [which is forbidden]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Aboth. V, Il and Shab. 33a.');">¹⁶</span> But [I take it] they come early in the morning and examine the charges against him; then they go home and eat and drink all that day<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In fulfillment of the precept of rejoicing on the Festival.');">¹⁷</span>

אתו מצפרא ומעייני בדיניה ועיילי ואכלי ושתו כולי יומא והדר אתו בשקיעת החמה וגמרינן לדיניה וקטלו ליה

and, coming back with the setting sun, they do give a final decision and [also] have him put to death.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Since after all a final decision is given on the festival week, it follows that the ban is necessarily imposed on the disobedient and consequently proves that the regulations of the ban are in force on the festival week.]');">¹⁸</span> Said Abaye: Come and hear:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In support of my view.');">¹⁹</span>

אמר אביי ת"ש ומנודה שהתירו לו חכמים

OR ONE UNDER A BAN TO WHOM THE SAGES HAVE GRANTED ABSOLUTION.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The relative clause is at present assumed to mean that one who is banned is automatically released by the Sages on the festival from the disabilities of a ban.');">²⁰</span> Said Raba: Does it state: 'Whom the Sages granted absolution'?

אמר רבא מי קתני שהתירוהו חכמים שהתירו לו חכמים קתני דאזל ופייסיה לבעל דיניה ואתי קמי דרבנן ושרו ליה

It says: OR ONE UNDER A BAN TO WHOM THE SAGES HAVE [JUST] GRANTED ABSOLUTION, [that is] where he [the offender] went and appeased the plaintiff and then came before our Rabbis<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' During the festival week.');">²¹</span> and they then set him free [from restraints].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Otherwise he remains under his disabilities during the festival.');">²²</span>

מצורע מהו שינהיג צרעתו ברגל אמר אביי תא שמע והנזיר והמצורע מטומאתו לטהרתו הא בימי טומאתו נהיג

What about a leprous person; does he deport himself as a leper during the festival?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to remain isolated, let his hair remain long and wear torn or soiled clothes as a leper, during the festival week.');">²³</span> - Said Abaye: 'Come and hear: AND [ALSO] A NAZIR OR LEPER EMERGING FROM HIS [STATE OF] IMPURITY TO [BEGIN] HIS PURIFICATION [may crop his hair and wash his garments],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Mishnah supra 13b.');">²⁴</span>

לא מיבעיא קאמר לא מיבעיא בימי טומאתו דלא נהיג אבל לטהרתו ניגזור שמא ישהה קרבנותיו קמ"ל

which implies that during the days of his impurity he does deport himself [as a leper]'! - [No]; the Tanna considered that this goes without saying [and is to be understood thus]: It goes without saying that he does not deport himself [as a leper] during the festival.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it is immaterial either way so long as he is still an unclean leper, as he, in any case, has to resume his disabilities after the festival. V. Ritba.');">²⁵</span> But when [he is emerging] into his state of cleanness we might [be inclined to] restrict him, in case he might defer<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., after having trimmed himself and changed his clothes during the festival he might postpone the offerings and bring them on the last day of the festival when a private sacrifice may not be offered.');">²⁶</span>

אמר רבא ת"ש (ויקרא יג, מה) והצרוע לרבות כהן גדול והא כה"ג דכל השנה כרגל לכולי עלמא דמי דתנן כהן גדול מקריב אונן ואינו אוכל שמע מינה נוהג צרעתו ברגל שמע מינה

making his [preliminary] offerings [of purification].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., taking two live birds and spring water for the ritual sprinkling with the hyssop, as prescribed in Lev. XIV, 2-8, after which he washed his clothes and shaved his body and was to return to the camp' (home) and after another seven days to complete his 'purification and atonement by sacrifice at the Temple.');">²⁷</span> Therefore he informs us [that he may, nevertheless].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Crop his hair and cleanse or change his torn clothes during the festival week.');">²⁸</span>

אבל אסור בתספורת מדקאמר להו רחמנא לבני אהרן (ויקרא י, ו) ראשיכם אל תפרעו מכלל דכולי עלמא אסור

Said Raba: Come and hear:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the leper deports himself as a leper in the festival week also.');">²⁹</span> '[It is taught]: And the leper. [in whom the plague is, his clothes shall be rent and the hair of his head shall be loose.],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sifra on Lev. XIII, 45 where by laying stress on 'And the' together with the descriptive clause 'in whom the plague is' still, the wording is taken to include especially the otherwise exceptional person of the High Priest, who may never grow long hair or wear torn clothes, even when a mourner. Lev. XXI, 10.');">³⁰</span> that is meant to include a High Priest [in this rule]'. Now [we learned] a High Priest all through the year is on a par with any other person on a festival, as we learned: The High Priest may make sacrifice [on the altar] even when he be onen,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., on the day of poignant grief, when the death of his near and dear occurred. This law is based on the sad experience of Aaron who lost two of his soils on the day of his induction as High Priest. He then offered up the sacrifices, but did not partake of the holy meat. V. Lev. X, 16; 16-20. Cf. Hor., Sonc. ed. pp. 90 and 93. Any other priest may not officiate during the state of onen, except on festivals when the law of onen does not apply.');">³¹</span> without however eating thereof! From this [latter restriction of even a High Priest] you can infer [about the former] that he should deport himself as a leper during the festival. - Infer that. A mourner is forbidden to cut his hair, because since the Divine Law ordained the sons of Aaron:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When Nadab and Abihu died.');">³²</span> Let not the hair of your heads go loose,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., keep it in trim. V. Lev. X, 6 and cf, Ezek. XLIV, 20.');">³³</span> we infer that for everybody else [cutting the hair] is forbidden