Moed Katan 47

בעא מיניה ר' יוחנן משמואל יש אבילות בשבת או אין אבילות בשבת אמר ליה אין אבילות בשבת

Mar Yohani<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to older editions and MS.M. V. D.S. p. 78. n. R. Johanan in our text is corrupt. V. Tosaf. s.v. V. also Hyman, 'Toledoth, ');">¹</span> enquired of Samuel, Was there [some] mourning [to be observed] on Sabbath or was there no mourning on the Sabbath? - He replied, There is no mourning [to be observed] on the Sabbath.

יתבי רבנן קמיה דרב פפא וקאמרי משמיה דשמואל אבל ששימש מטתו בימי אבלו חייב מיתה א"ל רב פפא אסור אתמר ומשמיה דר' יוחנן אתמר

Some Rabbis sitting in the presence of R'Papa reported in the name of Samuel that a mourner who used the conjugal couch during the [seven] days of his mourning is guilty of a mortal offence. Said R'Papa to them, What was reported was that it is 'forbidden', not 'a mortal offence', and in the name of R'Johanan it was reported [and not in the name of Samuel]; and if you heard aught [condemned] in the name of Samuel [as a mortal offence] it was this: 'Said R'Tahlifa B'Abimi, as reporting Samuel, A mourner who did not let his hair grow long and did not rend his clothes is guilty of a mortal offence.

ואי שמיעא לכו משמיה דשמואל הכי שמיע לכו אמר רב תחליפא בר אבימי אמר שמואל אבל שלא פרע ושלא פירם חייב מיתה שנאמר (ויקרא י, ו) ראשיכם אל תפרעו ובגדיכם לא תפרומו ולא תמותו וגו' הא אחר שלא פרע ושלא פירם חייב מיתה

For it was said [to Aaron and his surviving sons]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When Nadab and Abihu died on the day of their induction.');">²</span> Let not the hair of your heads go loose neither rend your clothes, that ye die not. ,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. X, 6.');">³</span>

אמר רפרם בר פפא תנא באבל רבתי אבל אסור לשמש מטתו בימי אבלו ומעשה באחד ששימש מטתו בימי אבלו ושמטו חזירים את גוייתו

which [clearly] implies that any [other] mourner if he has not let the hair [of his head] go loose and has not rent his clothes, is guilty of a mortal offence'. Rafram<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An abbreviated form of R. Ephraim. h,cr kct');">⁴</span>

אמר שמואל פח"ז חובה נת"ר רשות

, B'Papa said, It is taught in the Ebel Rabbathi:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Major (tractate) on Mourning mentioned again infra 26b, identified with Sem. Reference is also made to a 'Minor Tractate on h,ruyuz kct Mourning' - by Salomo beli Hajathom (SBH) in his Commentary on M.K. (ed. H. P. Chajes, 1909, p. 125) who saw both at Rome. V. Strack's Einleitung in Talmud und Midrash (5th ed., 1921, p. 73, c) .');">⁵</span> 'A mourner is forbidden to use the [conjugal] couch during his [seven] days of mourning'; and it happened [once] with one who used his [conjugal] couch during the [seven] days of his mourning that swine hauled away his carcass.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A liter: his membrum virile, as per talionem.');">⁶</span>

פריעת הראש חזרת קרע לאחוריו זקיפת המטה חובה נעילת הסנדל תשמיש המטה רחיצת ידים ורגלים בחמין ערבית רשות ורב אמר אף פריעת הראש רשות

Samuel said, Pahaz,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Abbreviation used as a word of the rules that follow. P = Pri'ath ha-Rosh (unveiling of the head) ; H = Hazarath Keran' (turning of rent) . Z = Zekifath ha-mittah (tilting up the couch) ; N = Ne'ilath Ha-sandal (donning sandals) ; T = Tashmish ha-mittah (Use of conjugal bed) ; R = Rehizath yadaim etc. (washing hands etc.) .');">⁷</span> are obligatory; Natar,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Abbreviation used as a word of the rules that follow. P = Pri'ath ha-Rosh (unveiling of the head) ; H = Hazarath Keran' (turning of rent) . Z = Zekifath ha-mittah (tilting up the couch) ; N = Ne'ilath Ha-sandal (donning sandals) ; T = Tashmish ha-mittah (Use of conjugal bed) ; R = Rehizath yadaim etc. (washing hands etc.) .');">⁷</span>

ושמואל מאי שנא נעילת הסנדל דרשות דלאו כולי עלמא עבידי דסיימי מסאנייהו פריעת הראש נמי לאו כולי עלמא עבידי דמגלו רישייהו

are optional [on the Sabbath] i.e., the unveiling of the head,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ct infra n. 5.');">⁸</span> turning the rent side [of his garment] from front to back and tilting up the couch [into its normal position] are obligatory [on the mourner, in honour of the Sabbath]; donning sandals, the use of the conjugal bed and washing his hands and feet with warm water at [the approach of the] Sabbath even are optional.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Opinion differed considerably on this also in Palestine. V. J.M.K. III, 5. Cf. n. 7 infra.');">⁹</span>

שמואל לטעמיה דאמר שמואל כל קרע שאינו בשעת חימום אינו קרע וכל עטיפה שאינה כעטיפת ישמעאלים אינה עטיפה מחוי ר"נ עד גובי דדיקנא

But Rab says, The unveiling of his head is also optional. Now, what is the difference n the case of the donning of sandals [on the Sabbath] that Samuel treats it as optional?

א"ר יעקב א"ר יוחנן לא שנו אלא שאין לו מנעלים ברגליו אבל יש לו מנעלים ברגליו מנעליו מוכיחין עליו

[presumably] because not everyone usually wears shoes;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath, and therefore the variation in honour of the Sabbath is not so marked after all.');">¹⁰</span> is it not so likewise with the unveiling of the head, as not everybody generally goes about with head unveiled? - Samuel is consistent in this, as Samuel said, 'Any rending [of clothes] not done in the flush [of grief]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At the moment of death, or on first hearing the sad news.');">¹¹</span>

כל קרע שאינו בשעת חימום אינו קרע והא אמרו ליה לשמואל נח נפשיה דרב קרע עליה תריסר מני אמר אזל גברא דהוה מסתפינא מיניה א"ל לרבי יוחנן נח נפשיה דר' חנינא קרע עליה תליסר אצטלי מלתא אמר אזל גברא דהוה מסתפינא מיניה

is not a [proper] rending, and any muffling [of the face] not alter the manner of the Ishmaelites,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Samuel is speaking of the customs in Babylon where many Arabs had come to settle in constant streams from Arabia.');">¹²</span> is not a proper muffling [for a mourner]'.

שאני רבנן דכיון דכל שעתא מדכרי שמעתייהו כשעת חימום דמי

R'Nahman demonstrated it [by covering himself up in his mantle] right up to the sides of the beard.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is, drawing the mantle together so as to enfold the forehead above and the chin and mouth below, leaving only nose and eyes exposed, as a mourner is to keep silence.');">¹³</span> Said R'Jacob, as reporting R'Johanan: This statement was made [above]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In regard to the differences between Rab and Samuel about uncovering the head.');">¹⁴</span>

א"ל רבין בר אדא לרבא אמר תלמידך רב עמרם תניא אבל כל שבעה קורעו לפניו ואם בא להחליף מחליף וקורע בשבת קורעו לאחוריו ואם בא להחליף מחליף ואינו קורע

only in reference to one who has no shoes on his feet, but if he has shoes on his feet [on the Sabbath] his shoes give evidence about him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That he is not observing mourning on the Sabbath.');">¹⁵</span> 'Any rending [of clothes] not done in the flush [of grief] is not a [proper] rending'.

כי תניא ההיא בכבוד אביו ואמו

But yet [when] they s to Samuel, 'Rab's soul has gone to rest', he rent on account of him thirteen garments [and] said: 'Gone is the man before whom I trembled'!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of his great learning.');">¹⁶</span> When they told R'Johanan.'

אותן קרעין מתאחין או אין מתאחין פליגי בה אבוה דרב אושעיא ובר קפרא חד אמר אין מתאחין וחד אמר מתאחין

The soul of R'Hanina has gone to rest', he rent on account of him thirteen robes<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Stolae.');">¹⁷</span> of Milesian wool and said: 'Gone is the man before whom I trembled'!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of his great learning.');">¹⁸</span>

תסתיים דאבוה דרב אושעיא דאמר אין מתאחין דאמר רב אושעיא אין מתאחין ממאן שמיע ליה לאו מאבוה לא מבר קפרא רביה שמיע ליה

- Rabbis are in a different category, since their discussions are always recalled it is [for us] like 'the first flush [of grief]'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., each time when their discussions are recalled.');">¹⁹</span> Said Rabin B'Adda to Raba: Your disciple R'Amram said that it was taught, 'A mourner [hearing of a fresh bereavement] at any time during the seven [days] rends his [clothes] in the forepart thereof, and if he has [occasion] to change [the garment].

אמר רבא אבל מטייל באונקלי בתוך ביתו אביי אשכחיה לרב יוסף דפריס ליה סודרא ארישיה ואזיל ואתי בביתיה א"ל לאו סבר לה מר אין אבילות בשבת א"ל הכי א"ר יוחנן דברים שבצינעא נוהג:

he changes and rends afresh; on the Sabbath he rends [on hearing the news] in the hinder part [of the garment]. and if he has [occasion] to change it, he changes but tears not [afresh]'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows that rending is not limited to the first flush of grief.');">²⁰</span>

ר"א אומר משחרב בית המקדש עצרת כשבת וכו': אמר רב גידל בר מנשיא אמר שמואל הלכה כר"ג

- That was taught only where [it was] in honour of one's father or mother, [but not for other near of kin]. Are such rents [to be] sewed up<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 're-united', properly mended.');">²¹</span>

ואיכא דמתני להא דרב גידל בר מנשיא אהא כל ל' יום תינוק יוצא בחיק ונקבר באשה אחת ושני אנשים אבל לא באיש אחד ושתי נשים

or are they not [to be] sewed up? - On that, [Nahmani]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Hyman Toledoth I, 116a. hkebut');">²²</span> father of R'Oshaia and Bar Kappara held different views, one saying that the rents are [to be] sewed up and the other saying that they are not [to be] sewed up. May it be inferred that it was the father of R'Oshaia that said that these were not [to be] sewed up, as R'Oshaia said that they were not [to be] sewed up; from whom had he heard this if not from his father? - Not [necessarily]: he [R'Oshaia] heard it from his master, [who was] Bar Kappara. Raba said, A mourner may walk about in his [rent] wrap<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. , probably the Latin amiculum, an upper cloak. Cf. Becker's Gallus (E.T. ed. 4) Exctirsus II on dress, p. 436ff.');">²³</span> indoors [on the Sabbath]. Abaye found R'Joseph going in and out of his house, his head covered with a sudarium<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A square piece of cloth worn as a kerchief.');">²⁴</span> [on the Sabbath]. Said he to him:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Abaye was a disciple of R. Joseph.');">²⁵</span> Do you not, sir, hold the view that there is to be no [observance of] mourning on the Sabbath? - He replied: Thus said R'Johanan: 'Intimate [forms of] mourning may be maintained [on the Sabbath]'. R'ELIEZER SAYS, SINCE THE SANCTUARY [AT JERUSALEM] WAS LAID IN RUINS [THE FEAST OF] 'AZERETH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Feast of Weeks. V. Mishnah and notes supra 19a.');">²⁶</span> [IS CONSIDERED] AS AN [ORDINARY] SABBATH, etc. Said R'Giddal B'Menashia as citing Samuel, The halachah follows the opinion of Rabban Gamaliel. And some attach this comment of R'Giddal B'Menashia to [the following Baraitha]: 'Any infant up to thirty days old is carried out in arms<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'bosom'.');">²⁷</span> and buried by one woman and two men, but not by one man and two women.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For reasons of propriety. Cf. Kid. 80b.');">²⁸</span>