Moed Katan 48

אבא שאול אומר אף באיש אחד ושתי נשים ואין עומדין עליו בשורה ואין אומרים עליו ברכת אבלים ותנחומי אבלים

Abba Saul says, Even by one man with two women. And they [the people] do not stand in line<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To offer condolence to the mourners.');">¹</span> on the [immature] infant's account, nor do they [need] to recite the [usual] mourners' benediction,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Keth. 8b, foot-note. tnexuks');">²</span>

בן שלשים יוצא בדלוסקמא רבי יהודה אומר לא דלוסקמא הניטלת בכתף אלא הניטלת באגפיים ועומדין עליו בשורה ואומרים עליו ברכת אבלים ותנחומי אבלים

nor tender the [usual] condolence to the mourners. An infant thirty days old is taken forth [to burial] in a case.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (a Doric form of) **.');">³</span> R'Judah says: Not a case that is borne on the shoulder, but one that is borne in the arms; and the people stand in line<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To offer condolence to the mourners.');">¹</span>

בן י"ב חדש יוצא במטה ר"ע אומר הוא בן שנה ואבריו כבן שתים הוא בן שתים ואבריו כבן שנה יוצא במטה

on its account, and recite the [additional] mourners' benediction<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Keth. 8b, foot-note. tnexuks');">²</span> and tender the [usual] condolence to the mourners. One twelve months old is taken forth [to burial] on a bier; R'Akiba says, If the infant is twelve months old and its limbs are like those of one two years old, or two years old and its limbs are like those of one twelve months old, it is carried out on a bier.

ר' שמעון בן אלעזר אומר היוצא במטה רבים מצהיבין עליו אינו יוצא במטה אין רבים מצהיבין עליו ר"א בן עזריה אומר ניכר לרבים רבים מתעסקים עמו אינו ניכר לרבים אין רבים מתעסקים עמו

R'Simeon B'Eleazar says, For any one that is taken out on a bier the public [should] show their distress;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. e.g., Gen, VI, 6; Neh. VIII, 9-10.');">⁴</span> for any one that is not taken out on a bier the public do not [need] to show their distress. R'Eleazar says, If he is known to the public at large, the public should participate in the proceedings; if he be not known to many [of the public] they do not [need] to participate.

ומה הן בהספד רבי מאיר בשם רבי ישמעאל אומר עניים בני שלש עשירים בני חמש רבי יהודה אומר משמו עניים בני חמש עשירים בני שש ובני זקנים כבני עניים

And what is the rule in respect of making lamentation for them? R'Meir in the name of R'Ishmael says: In the case of the poor lamentation is made for a child of three and in the case of the rich for a child of five.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [The grief of the poor at the loss of a child is greater than among the rich, since a child is the poor's only joy (Rashi) ].');">⁵</span> R'Judah speaking in his [R'Ishmael's.] name says: With the poor [they make a lament] for children of five; with the rich for children of six.

אמר רב גידל בר מנשיא אמר רב הלכה כרבי יהודה שאמר משום רבי ישמעאל

And [as for] the children of 'elders', they are [treated] in the same way as the children of the poor.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For variations on the passage v. Sem. III, 2-4.');">⁶</span> Said R'Giddal B'Menashia, as citing Rab,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Han. has, 'As citing Samuel'. iuaa rc kthbg hxhx rc tbhbj ,uthabv iuyka');">⁷</span> The halachah is as stated by R'Judah in the name of R'Ishmael.

דרש ר' ענני בר ששון אפיתחא דבי נשיאה יום אחד לפני עצרת ועצרת הרי כאן ארבעה עשר שמע רבי אמי ואיקפד אמר אטו דידיה היא דרבי אלעזר א"ר אושעיא היא

R''Anani B'Sason<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Identical with and V. Zuri's (London, 1934) Voi I, book 3, sec. 2, pp. 36 and 142.');">⁸</span> gave a discourse at the door of the Prince<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Judah II.');">⁹</span> [and said]: 'One day [of mourning] before 'Azereth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pentecost, a one-day feast.');">¹⁰</span>

דרש רבי יצחק נפחא אקילעא דריש גלותא יום אחד לפני עצרת ועצרת הרי כאן ארבעה עשר שמע רב ששת איקפד אמר אטו דידיה היא דר"א אמר ר' אושעיא היא

[the Feast of Weeks] with [one day of] 'Azereth count as fourteen days [out of the thirty].' R'Ammi heard of this and was indignant saying. Is that his own view?

דא"ר אלעזר א"ר אושעיא מנין לעצרת שיש לה תשלומין כל שבעה שנאמר (דברים טז, טז) בחג המצות ובחג השבועות מה חג המצות יש לה תשלומין כל שבעה אף חג השבועות יש לה תשלומין כל שבעה

It is what R'Eleazar [b. Pedath] said as citing R'Oshaia! R'Isaac the smith gave a discourse at the marquee<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or castle.');">¹¹</span> of the Exilarch [and said]: 'One day [of mourning] before 'Azereth with the [one day of] 'Azereth, count as fourteen days [out of the thirty]'.

אדבריה רב פפא לרב אויא סבא ודרש יום אחד לפני ראש השנה וראש השנה הרי כאן ארבעה עשר אמר רבינא הלכך יום אחד לפני החג וחג ושמיני שלו הרי כאן עשרים ואחד יום

R'Shesheth heard of this and was indignant, saying, Is that his own view? It is what R'Eleazar said, as citing R'Oshaia! For R'Eleazar, citing R'Oshaia, said: Whence is derived the ruling that 'Azereth [the Feast of Weeks] is allowed a supplementary extension to full seven days?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For making the prescribed 'festive' offering at the Temple. If one had been unable to make it on the festival itself, it may be done up to the seventh day after.');">¹²</span> From what is said: Three times in a year shall all thy males appear before the Lord thy God in the place He shall choose: on the Feast of Unleavened Bread and on the Feast of Weeks and on the Feast of Tabernacles; and they shall not appear before the Lord thy God empty.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XVI, 16.');">¹³</span>

רבינא איקלע לסורא דפרת א"ל רב חביבא מסורא דפרת לרבינא אמר מר יום אחד לפני ראש השנה וראש השנה הרי כאן ארבעה עשר אמר ליה אנא מסתברא כרבן גמליאל הוא דאמינא:

Just as the Feast of Un leavened Bread has a supplementary [period] to full seven days [for the celebration offerings],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Hag. 9a.');">¹⁴</span> the Feast of Weeks<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., Azereth, though essentially a Feast of but one day.');">¹⁵</span> has likewise a supplementary extension [for festive offerings] of full seven days.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The same argument applies to the analogy with the Feast of Tabernacles which has a range of eight days; but this argument is logically questioned, as thereby the one-day Feast of Weeks would be entitled to a day more than the seven-day Feast of Mazzoth; besides, it is shown that the eighth day of Tabernacles is, by virtue of its special sacrificial tariff a distinct Feast by itself. Cf. Hag. ');">¹⁶</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> אין קורעין ולא חולצין ואין מברין אלא קרוביו של מת ואין מברין אלא על מטה זקופה:

R'Papa invited<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'took him along, brought or led him forward'. R. Papa, as Principal, invited him to act as Amora or Turgeman of the occasion tkdhrs t,ca');">¹⁷</span> the elder R'Awia [to act as expositor] and he expounded [the theme]: 'One day [of mourning] before New Year and New Year's Day [together] account for fourteen [out of the thirty days]'. Said Rabina, According to this, then, one day [of mourning] before 'the Feast' [of Tabernacles] together with the [seven days of the] festival and 'the Eighth Day' [of 'Solemn Assembly'] account [together] for twenty-one [out of the thirty days of mourning]. Rabina turned up at Sura-on the Euphrates<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra 20a, p. 127.');">¹⁸</span> when R'Habiba of Sura-on-the Euphrates put the question to him: Did you, sir, say that one day<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Even one hour's mourning before the festival'.');">¹⁹</span> before New Year and New Year's Day [together] account for fourteen [out of the thirty days]? - He replied, I did say that, arguing on [the basis of] Rabban Gamaliel's view.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Mishnah supra 19a.');">²⁰</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>NONE REND [THEIR CLOTHES] NOR BARE [THEIR SHOULDER], NOR PROVIDE A REPAST [FOR THE MOURNERS]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the interment at the house of the mourners, and sometimes in the special forum on the burial ground, where the lament was held. Cf. supra ');">²¹</span> SAVE THOSE [WHO ARE] NEAR OF KIN TO THE DEAD; NOR DO THEY PROVIDE A REPAST SAVE [SEATED] ON AN UPRIGHT COUCH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a couch in its normal position. J.M.K. and other texts read, 'upright couches', i.e., couches for both the comforters and the mourners. 'Such was the custom; when they provided the mourners' fare and wished to take the meal, they set up the couches erect, and after the comforters left (the house) they overturned (upset) them (again) '. V. B.M. Lewin, Otz. Ha;. IV, n. 132.');">²²</span>