Nedarim 146

Chapter 146

א <big>מתני׳</big> בוגרת ששהתה י"ב חדש ואלמנה ל' יום ר' אליעזר אומר הואיל ובעלה חייב במזונותיה יפר וחכ"א אין הבעל מיפר עד שתכנס לרשותו

1 MISHNAH. [IN THE CASE OF] A BOGERETH WHO TARRIED TWELVE MONTHS, AND A WIDOW [WHO TARRIED] THIRTY DAYS,1 — R. ELIEZER SAID; SINCE HER [BETROTHED] HUSBAND IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HER MAINTENANCE, HE MAY ANNUL [HER VOWS]. BUT THE SAGES SAY: THE HUSBAND CANNOT ANNUL UNTIL SHE ENTERS INTO HIS CONTROL.2 GEMARA. Rabbah said: R. Eliezer and the early Mishnah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Early Mishnah' bears various connotations. Sometimes it simply means the earlier view of a particular school, which subsequently gave a different ruling (v. Hag. 2a, where, however, the term does not occur in the Mishnah itself but is used by an Amora to differentiate between the earlier and the later views of Beth Hillel). Elsewhere it may denote the collection of Mishnaic material made by the 'elders of Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel'; as such it is brought into contrast with the rulings of later Rabbis, e.g., R. Akiba; v. Sanh. III, 4; 'Ed. VII, 2. But it is also used to differentiate between the views of earlier and later Rabbis. Thus, in the present instance, the term connotes the views of R. Tarfon and R. Akiba (v. Keth. 57a), with which 'a later Beth din' (v. text infra) differed; here, too the term is so used by an Amora. ');">3

ב <big>גמ׳</big> אמר רבה ר"א ומשנה ראשונה אמרו דבר אחד דתנן נותנין לבתולה י"ב חדש לפרנס עצמה הגיע י"ב חדש אוכלת משלו ואוכלת בתרומה אבל היבם אינו מאכיל בתרומה

2 taught the same thing. For we learnt; A virgin is given twelve months to provide for herself.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to make the necessary preparations for marriage, such as acquiring a trousseau; the reference is to an arusah, and twelve months is the maximum that may elapse before the nissu'in without either side having legal cause for complaint. ');">4 When the twelve months expire,5 she must be supported by him [i.e., her arus] and may eat terumah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the daughter of an Israelite is betrothed to a priest, she may eat terumah, as is deduced from Lev. XXII, 11. By a Rabbinical law, however, she is forbidden until after the nissu'in: but if twelve months have elapsed, she is permitted. ');">6

ג עשתה ששה חדשים בפני הבעל וששה חדשים בפני היבם ואפילו כולן בפני הבעל חסר יום א' או כולן בפני היבם חסר יום א' אינה אוכלת בתרומה זו משנה ראשונה ב"ד של אחריהם אמרו אין האשה אוכלת בתרומה עד שתכנס לחופה

3 But the yabam7 does not authorize her to eat terumah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. n. 5: on the priest's death she reverts to her former status, and even if there is no issue, so that she is bound to marry the yabam, this tie does not permit her to eat terumah. ');">8 If she spent six months in the lifetime of9

ד א"ל אביי דלמא לא היא עד כאן לא קא אשמעינן משנה ראשונה אלא למיכל בתרומה דרבנן אבל נדרים דאורייתא אימא לא

4 her husband [the arus], and six months in that of the yabam,10 or even the whole period less one day in the lifetime of her husband, or the whole period less one day in that of the yabam, she may not eat terumah: this is the early Mishnah. But a subsequent Beth din<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Beth din', which is now generally taken to mean a court of law, was originally the court or college which decided on civil and religious questions; (v. J.E., s.v. Beth din.) ');">11 rules: No woman can partake of terumah until she enters the huppah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. i.e., until the home-taking, v. Keth. 57a. — Thus both R. Eliezer in our Mishnah and the early Mishnah maintain that after twelve months they are regarded as completely married: R. Eliezer, in that the husband can annul her vows; the early Mishnah, in that his wife may eat terumah. ');">12

ה ועד כאן לא שמעת ליה לר' אליעזר אלא גבי נדרים כדרב פנחס משמיה דרבא דאמר כל הנודרת על דעת בעלה היא נודרת אבל תרומה אפילו מדרבנן נמי לא אכלה

5 Said Abaye to him, Perhaps it is not so. The early Mishnah informs us in respect of [her] eating terumah, which is [forbidden merely by] a Rabbinical enactment;13 but as for vows, which are Biblically binding, I may say that it is not so. And you know R. Eliezer's view14 only in respect to vows for the reason which R. Phinehas said in Raba's name, viz.: Every [woman] who vows, vows conditionally upon her husband's assent.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the stipulation is not expressed, in recognition of her dependence upon him, since he maintains her. Hence the same holds good of an arus after twelve months, who also must provide for her. ');">15 But as for terumah, it may well be that though [forbidden only by] a Rabbinical precept,16 she may not eat thereof.

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