Nedarim 5

Chapter 5

א אלא לאו דווקא זימנין מפרש ההוא דפתח ברישא זימנין ההוא דסליק מפרש ברישא ואיבעית אימא ידות איידי דאתיין מדרשא מפרש להון ברישא
1 Hence there is no fixed rule: sometimes the first clause is explained first, at others the last clause is first explained. Alternatively: abbreviations are explained first, because they [sc. their validity] are deduced by exegesis.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not explicitly stated in the Bible. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב וליפתח הדין ברישא מיפתח פתח בכינויין דאורייתא ברישא והדר מפרש ידות דאתיין ליה מדרשא
2 Then let these be stated first? He [the Tanna] commences indeed with substitutes, since these are Scriptural,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., their validity is explicitly stated in the Bible. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג הניחא למאן דאמר כינויין לשון נכרים הן אלא למ''ד לשון שבדו להן חכמים להיות נודר בו מאי איכא למימר
3 and proceeds to explain abbreviations, which are inferred by interpretation only.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When stating the law in general terms there is a preference for that which is best known; hence, substitutes, being explicitly taught, are first mentioned. But when going into details, the Tanna prefers to deal first with the lesser known. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד מי קתני ידות ולאו חסורי קא מחסרת לה אקדים נמי ותני ידות כל ידות נדרים כנדרים וכל כינויי נדרים כנדרים ואלו הן ידות האומר לחבירו ואלו הן כינויין קונם קונח קונס
4 This harmonises with the view that substitutes are merely the foreign equivalents [of the word korban].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence their validity may be regarded as explicitly stated in the Bible, since it obviously does not matter in which language a vow is taken. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ה וידות היכא כתיב (במדבר ו ב) איש כי יפליא לנדור נדר נזיר להזיר לה' ותניא נזיר להזיר לעשות כינויי נזירות כנזירות וידות נזירות כנזירות
5 But what can be said on the view that they are forms expressly invented by the Sages for the purpose of making vows?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra, 10a. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ו אין לי אלא בנזירות בנדרים מנין ת''ל איש כי יפליא לנדור נדר נזיר להזיר לה' מקיש נזירות לנדרים ונדרים לנזירות מה נזירות עשה בו ידות נזירות כנזירות אף נדרים עשה בהם ידות נדרים כנדרים
6 — Now, are abbreviations mentioned at all; were you not compelled to assume a defective text? Then indeed place abbreviations first. Thus: All abbreviations of VOWS have the validity of VOWS, and ALL SUBSTITUTES FOR VOWS HAVE THE VALIDITY OF VOWS. These are the abbreviations: IF ONE SAYS TO HIS NEIGHBOUR&nbsp;… And these are the substitutes: Konam, konas, konah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 9a. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ז ומה נדרים עובר בבל יחל ובבל תאחר אף נזירות עובר בבל יחל ובבל תאחר ומה נדרים האב מיפר נדרי בתו ובעל מיפר נדרי אשתו אף נזירות האב מיפר נזירות בתו ובעל מיפר נזירות אשתו
7 Now, where are abbreviations written? — When either a man or a woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow [lindor neder] of a nazirite [<i>nazir</i> le-hazzir];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. VI. 2. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ח מ''ש גבי נזירות דכתיב נזיר להזיר נדרים נמי הא כתיב לנדור נדר והיקישא למה לי
8 and it has been taught: <i>Nazir</i> le-hazzir is to render substitutes and abbreviations of neziroth as neziroth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. equally binding. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ט אי כתב נדר לנדור כדכתב נזיר להזיר כדקאמרת לא צריך היקישא השתא דכתיב לנדור נדר דברה תורה כלשון בני אדם
9 From this I may infer only the law of neziroth; whence do we know that it applies to other vows too? This is taught by the verse: When either a man or a woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a nazirite to the Lord:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
י הניחא למאן דאית ליה דברה תורה כלשון בני אדם אלא למאן דלית ליה דברה תורה כלשון בני אדם האי לנדור נדר מאי עביד ליה דריש ליה לעשות ידות נדרים כנדרים ומקיש נזירות לנדרים נזיר להזיר דריש ליה מלמד
10 here ordinary vows are compared to neziroth and vice versa.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since they are coupled together. This method of exegesis is known as hekkesh. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> Just as in neziroth abbreviations are equally binding, so in the case of other vows; and just as in other vows, he who does not fulfil them violates the injunctions: He shall not break his word,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXX, 3. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> and Thou shalt not delay to pay it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIII, 22. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> so in neziroth. And just as in other vows, the father can annul those of his daughter and the husband those of his wife, so with neziroth. Wherein does neziroth differ? Because it is written <i>nazir</i> lehazzir! But [in the case of] vows too it is written, lindor neder;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to vow a vow — likewise a pleonastic form. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> then what need is there of analogy? — If the text were neder lindor just as 'nazir le-hazzir', it would be as you say, and the analogy would be unnecessary,' since however, 'lindor neder' is written, the Torah spoke in the language of men.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The point is this: The usual grammatical form is for the verb to precede its cognate object. Hence, when this order is reversed, as in nazir le-hazir, one may directly infer something from the unusual order. When it is observed, however, nothing can be inferred. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> This agrees with the view that the Torah spoke in the language of men; but he who maintains that the Torah did not speak in the language of men,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that every pleonasm, even if in accordance with the general idiom, gives an additional teaching. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> to what purpose does he put this 'lindor neder'? — He interprets it to deduce that abbreviations of vows are as VOWS, and then neziroth is compared to vows; and as to 'nazir le-hazzir' he interprets it as teaching