Niddah 126

Chapter 126

א בשופעת דם טמא מתוך דם טהור
1 This is a case where she discharges unclean blood as a result of a discharge<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'from the midst'. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב וכמין צמרמורות וכו' וכן כיוצא בהן לאתויי מאי אמר רבה בר עולא לאתויי אשה שראשה כבד עליה ואבריה כבדים עליה ורותתת וגוסה
2 of clean blood.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is not menstrual, as can be ascertained by an examination of its colour. A settled period is established where menstrual discharge is preceded by one of clean blood, v. infra. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> OR … A KIND OF SHIVERING etc. What was the expression, OR ANY OTHER SIMILAR SYMPTOMS, intended to include? — Rabbah b. 'Ullah replied: To include a woman who feels a heaviness in her head<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whose head is heavy upon her'. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> or a heaviness in her limbs, who shivers or belches. R. Huna b. Hiyya citing Samuel observed: Behold [the Sages] have ruled that 'for settled periods [that are determined by the number] of days two [occurrences are required],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'for days two'; sc. if the discharge appeared twice on the same day of the month, that day is established as a settled period. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> for settled periods [that are determined by the condition] of the body one occurrence suffices,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To establish a settled period (cf. prev. n. mut. mut.). ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ג אמר רב הונא בר חייא אמר שמואל הרי אמרו לימים שנים לוסתות אחת למה שלא מנו חכמים שלשה
3 for settled periods [that are determined by conditions] which the Sages did not enumerate three occurrences are required;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' cf. prev. n. but one mut. mut. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> But [I do not know] what the expression, 'for settled periods that are determined by conditions which the Sages did not enumerate intended to include? — R. Joseph replied: To include a woman who feels a heaviness in the head,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whose head is heavy upon her'. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד למה שלא מנו חכמים לאתויי מאי אמר רב יוסף לאתויי ראשה כבד עליה ואבריה כבדין עליה ורותתת וגוסה א"ל אביי מאי קא משמע לן מתני' היא דהא פרשה רבה בר עולא אלא אמר אביי לאתויי אכלה שום וראתה ואכלה בצלים וראתה כססה פלפלים וראתה
4 a heaviness in her limbs, who shivers or belches. Said Abaye to him:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Joseph. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> What does he teach us thereby,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the addition, 'for settled periods… did not enumerate'. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> seeing that this is actually a ruling in our Mishnah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' OR ANY OTHER SIMILAR etc. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> Rabbah b. 'Ulla having thus<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As R. Joseph. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> explained it? — Rather, said Abaye, it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the addition, 'for settled periods… did not enumerate'. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> was intended to include one who ate garlic and observed a discharge, one who ate onions and observed a discharge, and one who chewed pepper and observed a discharge. R. Joseph observed: I have not heard this tradition.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Just cited in the name of Samuel. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> Said Abaye to him: You yourself have told it to us, and it was in connection with the following that you told it to us:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Joseph, as a result of a serious illness, had lost his memory and had very often to be reminded of the traditions he himself had reported. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> If a woman was in the habit of observing a discharge on the fifteenth day of the month and this was changed to the twentieth day, intercourse is forbidden to her on both days.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this and this is forbidden', both the fifteenth (in case her first settled period is re-established) and the twentieth (since this date might form now or become her settled period). ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ה אמר רב יוסף לא שמיע לי הא שמעתא
5 If she observed a discharge on three consecutive months<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'three times'. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> on the twentieth day, intercourse on the fifteenth becomes permitted<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since a new settled period has been established. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ו אמר ליה אביי את אמריתה ניהלן ואהא אמריתה ניהלן היתה למודה להיות רואה יום חמשה עשר ושינתה ליום עשרים זה וזה אסורין שלש פעמים ליום עשרים הותר יום חמשה עשר וקבעה לה יום עשרים שאין אשה קובעת לה וסת עד שתקבענה שלש פעמים
6 and she establishes the twentieth day as her settled period: for no woman can establish for herself a settled period unless the discharge had appeared three times on the same date.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'until she will fix it three times'. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> And in connection with this you told us: Rab Judah citing Samuel stated, This is the view of R. Gamaliel son of Rabbi who cited it in the name of R. Simeon b. Gamaliel,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who holds that presumption cannot be established unless an occurrence was repeated three times (cf. Yeb. 64b). ');"><sup>17</sup></span> but the Sages ruled: If she observed a discharge once<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a certain date. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> she need not<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order to establish a settled period. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>
ז ואמרת לן עלה אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל זו דברי ר"ג בר רבי שאמר משום רשב"ג אבל חכמים אומרים ראתה אינה צריכה לא לשנות ולא לשלש
7 repeat it a second time and a third time. And when we asked you, 'Since you said, "She need not repeat it a second time" was there any need to state that she need not repeat it a third time'? you replied' She need not repeat it a second time in the case of settled periods [that are determined by the condition] of her body and she need not repeat it a third time in the case of settled periods [determined by the number] of days. But why did he not simply say, 'This is the view of R. Simeon b. Gamaliel'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who holds that presumption cannot be established unless an occurrence was repeated three times (cf. Yeb. 64b). ');"><sup>17</sup></span> — It is this that Samuel informed us: That R. Gamaliel the son of Rabbi holds the same view as R. Simeon b. Gamaliel. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A WOMAN HAD THE HABIT OF OBSERVING HER MENSTRUAL DISCHARGES AT THE ONSET OF THE SYMPTOMS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the condition of her body (cf. prev. Mishnah). ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
ח ואמרינן לך לשנות אמרת לן לשלש מיבעיא ואמרת לן לשנות בוסתות לשלש בימים
8 OF HER SETTLED PERIODS, ALL CLEAN THINGS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Terumah, for instance, or any other foodstuffs that may be eaten only when clean. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> THAT SHE HANDLED WHILE THE SYMPTOMS WERE IN PROGRESS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'within (the symptoms of) the settled period'. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> ARE UNCLEAN; BUT IF SHE HAD THE HABIT OF OBSERVING THEM AT THE END OF THE SYMPTOMS, ALL CLEAN THINGS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Terumah, for instance, or any other foodstuffs that may be eaten only when clean. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> THAT SHE HANDLED WHILE THE SYMPTOMS LASTED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'within (the symptoms of) the settled period'. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>
ט ונימא זו דברי רשב"ג הא קמ"ל שמואל דר"ג ברבי כרשב"ג סבירא ליה
9 REMAIN CLEAN. R. JOSE RULED: SETTLED PERIODS MAY ALSO BE DETERMINED BY DAYS AND HOURS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is explained in the Gemara infra. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> IF<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a continuation of R. Jose's ruling. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> SHE HAD THE HABIT OF OBSERVING HER MENSTRUAL DISCHARGES AT SUNRISE SHE IS FORBIDDEN INTERCOURSE AT SUNRISE ONLY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But is permitted it during the preceding night and, if no discharge appeared at sunrise, during all that day also. ');"><sup>25</sup></span>
י <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> היתה למודה להיות רואה בתחלת הוסתות כל הטהרות שעשתה בתוך הוסתות טמאות בסוף הוסתות כל הטהרות שעשתה בתוך הוסתות טהורות
10 R. JUDAH RULED: SHE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If no discharge was observed at sunrise. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> IS PERMITTED IT DURING ALL THAT DAY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all the day is hers', but, contrary to the view of R. Jose, not the preceding night. ');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יא רבי יוסי אומר אף ימים ושעות וסתות היתה למודה להיות רואה עם הנץ החמה אינה אסורה אלא עם הנץ החמה רבי יהודה אומר כל היום שלה
11 <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. One taught: What<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'how'. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> did R. Jose mean by 'Settled periods may also be determined by days and hours'? If a woman had the habit of observing her discharge on the twentieth day of the month<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'from the twentieth day to the twentieth day'. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> and at the sixth hour of the day,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and from six hours to six hours'. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> and the twentieth day arrived and she observed no discharge, she is forbidden intercourse during all the first six hours;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since in his opinion a discharge that usually occurs in the day time causes intercourse to be forbidden all day and one that usually occurs in the night causes it to be forbidden all night. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> so R. Judah. R. Jose, however, permits it until the beginning of the sixth hour<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the discharge is not due earlier. In his opinion intercourse is forbidden only at the hour the discharge usually occurs, neither earlier nor later. ');"><sup>32</sup></span>
יב <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנא כיצד א"ר יוסי ימים ושעות וסתות היתה למודה להיות רואה מיום עשרים ליום עשרים ומשש שעות לשש שעות הגיע יום עשרים ולא ראתה אסורה לשמש כל שש שעות ראשונות דברי רבי יהודה ורבי יוסי מתיר עד שש שעות וחוששת בשש שעות
12 but during the sixth hour she must take into consideration [the possibility of a discharge].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And consequently abstain from intercourse during all that hour. ');"><sup>33</sup></span> If the sixth hour has passed and she observed no discharge, she is still forbidden intercourse all that day; so R. Judah, R. Jose, however, permits it from the time of the afternoon service<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. from midday (v. Rashi. Cf., however, Tosaf.). ');"><sup>34</sup></span>
יג עברו שש שעות ולא ראתה אסורה לשמש כל היום כולו דברי ר' יהודה ורבי יוסי מתיר מן המנחה ולמעלה
13 onwards.
יד היתה למודה והתניא רבי יהודה אומר כל הלילה שלה
14 IF SHE HAD THE HABIT [etc.]. But was it not taught: R. Judah ruled, She<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A woman who had the habit of observing her discharge at sunrise. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> is permitted intercourse all night?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all the night is hers'. How then is this to be reconciled with R. Judah's ruling in our Mishnah that SHE IS PERMITTED IT ALL DAY'? ');"><sup>36</sup></span> — This is no contradiction. The Baraitha deals with the case of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that'. ');"><sup>37</sup></span>
טו לא קשיא הא דרגילה לראות בתחלת יממא והא דרגילה לראות בסוף ליליא
15 one who had the habit of observing the discharge at the beginning of the day<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence intercourse is forbidden in the day time only but not during the preceding night. ');"><sup>38</sup></span>
טז תני חדא רבי יהודה אוסרה לפני וסתה ומתירה לאחר וסתה ותניא אידך אוסרה לאחר וסתה ומתירה לפני וסתה
16 while the Mishnah deals with one who had the habit of observing the discharge at the end of the night.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This being the meaning of the phrase AT SUNRISE in our Mishnah. Intercourse is, therefore, forbidden in the night only but not during the following day. ');"><sup>39</sup></span> One [Baraitha] taught: R. Judah forbids intercourse before her settled period, and permits it after the period while another [Baraitha] taught: [R. Judah] forbids it after her settled period and permits it before the period. This,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Apparent contradiction. ');"><sup>40</sup></span> however, represents no difficulty, since the former is a case where she usually observes her discharge at the end of the night while the latter is a case where she usually observes it at the beginning of the day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' cf. supra p. 446, n. 7. ');"><sup>41</sup></span> Raba stated: The <i>halachah</i> is in agreement with R. Judah. But could Raba have said this, seeing that it was taught: Thus shall ye separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XV, 31. ');"><sup>42</sup></span>
יז ולא קשיא הא דרגילה למחזי בסוף ליליא הא דרגילה למחזי בתחלת יממא
17 from this, R. Jeremiah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. 'Josiah'. Cf. Bomb. ed. and Shebu. 18b. ');"><sup>43</sup></span>
יח אמר רבא הלכה כרבי יהודה ומי אמר רבא הכי והתניא (ויקרא טו, לא) והזרתם את בני ישראל מטומאתם מכאן א"ר ירמיה אזהרה לבני ישראל שיפרשו מנשותיהן סמוך לוסתן
18 observed, follows a warning to the children of Israel that they shall separate from their wives near their periods. And for how long? Raba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Marg. gl. 'Rabbah'. ');"><sup>44</sup></span> replied: One 'onah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A period. Sc. a day or a night. ');"><sup>45</sup></span> Now does not this mean: An additional 'onah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. if the discharge occurs during day time the prohibition extends over that day and the previous night, and if it occurs during the night the prohibition extends over that night and the previous day. But, if so, would not this be contradictory to what Raba said here? ');"><sup>46</sup></span> — No; the same 'onah. But then, what need is there for the two statements?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of Raba. ');"><sup>47</sup></span> — Both are required. For, if he had informed us of the former statement only, it might have been presumed that it applied only to the law relating to clean things but not to that relating to a woman's permissibility to her husband. Hence we were informed [of the latter statement]. And if [our information were to be derived] from the latter statement only it might have been presumed that near her settled period an additional 'onah is required, hence we were informed that only one 'onah is necessary. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF SHE WAS ACCUSTOMED TO OBSERVE A FLOW OF MENSTRUAL BLOOD ON THE FIFTEENTH DAY<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the month. ');"><sup>48</sup></span>
יט וכמה אמר רבא עונה מאי לאו עונה אחריתי לא אותה עונה
19 AND THIS WAS CHANGED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and she changed to be seeing'. ');"><sup>49</sup></span> TO THE TWENTIETH DAY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the month. ');"><sup>48</sup></span> MARITAL INTERCOURSE IS FORBIDDEN ON BOTH DAYS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this and this (the fifteenth and the twentieth) are forbidden.' ');"><sup>50</sup></span> IF THIS WAS TWICE CHANGED TO THE TWENTIETH INTERCOURSE IS AGAIN FORBIDDEN ON BOTH DAYS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this and this (the fifteenth and the twentieth) are forbidden.' ');"><sup>50</sup></span> IF THIS WAS CHANGED THREE TIMES TO THE TWENTIETH DAY, INTERCOURSE IS NOW PERMITTED ON THE FIFTEENTH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As was the case before that day had been established as a settled period. ');"><sup>51</sup></span>
כ ותרתי למה לי צריכא דאי אשמועינן הא הוה אמינא ה"מ לטהרות אבל לבעלה לא קמ"ל
20 AND THE TWENTIETH IS ESTABLISHED AS HER SETTLED PERIOD. FOR A WOMAN MAY NOT REGARD HER MENSTRUAL PERIODS AS SETTLED UNLESS THE RECURRENCE HAS BEEN REGULAR THREE TIMES; NOR IS SHE RELEASED FROM THE RESTRICTIONS OF A SETTLED PERIOD UNLESS IT HAS VARIED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that it shall be rooted out from her'. ');"><sup>52</sup></span> THREE TIMES.
כא ואי מההיא הוה אמינא סמוך לוסתה עונה אחריתי קמ"ל אותה עונה
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כב <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> היתה למודה להיות רואה יום ט"ו ושינתה להיות רואה ליום כ' זה וזה אסורין שינתה פעמים ליום כ' זה וזה אסורין
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כג שינתה ג' פעמים ליום כ' הותר ט"ו וקבעה לה יום כ' שאין אשה קובעת לה וסת עד שתקבענה ג' פעמים ואינה מטהרת מן הוסת עד שתעקר ממנה ג' פעמים
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