Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Niddah 128

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1

ונאסר יום עשרים מפני שאורח בזמנו בא

and the twentieth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The established settled period which was changed to the thirtieth no more than twice. (The absence of a discharge on the twentieth in the month in which there was none on the thirtieth is not counted as a deviation from the established habit since there was no discharge whatever in that month.) ');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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2

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> נשים בבתוליהם כגפנים

becomes a forbidden one, because the guest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The established period that re-appeared on the twentieth. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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3

יש גפן שיינה אדום ויש גפן שיינה שחור ויש גפן שיינה מרובה ויש גפן שיינה מועט

comes in his usual time.

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4

ר' יהודה אומר

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. WOMEN IN REGARD TO THEIR VIRGINITY ARE LIKE VINES. ONE VINE MAY HAVE RED WINE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is a vine whose wine is red'. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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5

כל גפן יש בה יין ושאין בה יין ה"ז דורקטי

WHILE ANOTHER HAS BLACK WINE, ONE VINE MAY YIELD MUCH WINE WHILE ANOTHER YIELDS LITTLE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Similarly with the blood of virginity. It may be red or black, much or little. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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6

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנא

R. JUDAH STATED: EVERY NORMAL VINE YIELDS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'has'. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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7

דור קטוע

WINE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Every normal woman has the blood of virginity. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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8

תני רבי חייא

AND ONE THAT YIELDS NO WINE IS BUT A DORKETAI.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. [G] a grape that yields no wine and is used for eating only. Aliter: Dorketai = dor katu'a. This is explained presently. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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9

כשם שהשאור יפה לעיסה כך דמים יפין לאשה

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. One taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In explanation of DORKETAI. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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10

תנא משום ר"מ

A generation cut off.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. two notes. A woman who has no blood of virginity cannot have many children. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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11

כל אשה שדמיה מרובין בניה מרובין

R. Hiyya taught: As leaven is wholesome for the dough so is [menstrual] blood wholesome for a woman. One taught in the name of R. Meir: Every woman who has an abundance of [menstrual] blood has many children.

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12

<br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך האשה</strong></big><br><br>

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A YOUNG GIRL, WHOSE AGE OF MENSTRUATION<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'her time to see'. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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13

מתני׳ <big><strong>תינוקת</strong></big> שלא הגיע זמנה לראות וניסת ב"ש אומרים

HAS NOT ARRIVED, MARRIED, BETH SHAMMAI RULED: SHE IS ALLOWED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For marital intercourse. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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14

עד שתחיה המכה הגיע זמנה לראות וניסת ב"ש אומרים

FOUR NIGHTS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though blood appeared, it is assumed to be that of injured virginity which, unlike menstrual blood, is clean. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>

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15

נותנין לה לילה הראשון וב"ה אומרים

AND BETH HILLEL RULED: UNTIL THE WOUND IS HEALED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is explained in the Gemara infra. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>

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16

עד מוצאי שבת ארבע לילות ראתה ועודה בבית אביה ב"ש אומרים

IF THE AGE OF HER MENSTRUATION HAS ARRIVED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But she experienced no discharge. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>

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17

נותנין לה בעילת מצוה וב"ה אומרים

AND SHE MARRIED, BETH SHAMMAI RULED: SHE IS ALLOWED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For marital intercourse. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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18

כל הלילה כולה:

THE FIRST NIGHT, AND BETH HILLEL RULED: FOUR NIGHTS, UNTIL THE EXIT OF THE SABBATH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Saturday night. A virgin's marriage takes place usually on a Wednesday, v. Keth. 2a. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>

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19

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק

IF SHE HAD OBSERVED A DISCHARGE WHILE SHE WAS STILL IN HER FATHER'S HOUSE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. before her marriage. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>

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20

ואפילו ראתה

BETH SHAMMAI RULED: SHE IS ONLY ALLOWED THE OBLIGATORY MARITAL INTERCOURSE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But no more, since the blood may possibly be that of menstruation. ');"><sup>17</sup></span>

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21

ממאי מדקא מפליג בסיפא בין ראתה בין בשלא ראתה מכלל דרישא לא שנא הכי ולא שנא הכי

AND BETH HILLEL RULED: ALL THAT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>

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22

תניא נמי הכי ב"ה אומרים

NIGHT.

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23

עד שתחיה המכה בין ראתה בין לא ראתה

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. R. Nahman b. Isaac explained:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling of Beth Hillel in the first clause of our Mishnah. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>

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24

עד שתחיה המכה

Even if she already observed a discharge.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before marriage, when she was still in her father's house. Even in such a case, since the age of menstruation had not yet arrived, Beth Hillel allow intercourse UNTIL THE WOUND IS HEALED. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>

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25

עד כמה

Whence is this inferred? — Since in the final clause<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dealing with one whose age of menstruation had arrived. ');"><sup>21</sup></span>

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26

אמר רב יהודה אמר רב

a distinction is drawn between one who did and one who did not observe a discharge it follows that in the case in the first clause no distinction is made between the one and the other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'no difference whether thus and no difference (whether) thus', sc. whether she did or did not observe any menstrual discharge before her marriage. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>

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27

כל זמן שנוחרת

So it was also taught: Beth Hillel ruled: Intercourse is allowed until the wound is healed irrespective of whether she already<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before her marriage. ');"><sup>23</sup></span>

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28

כי אמריתה קמיה דשמואל אמר לי

did or did not observe a discharge.

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29

נחירה זו איני יודע מה היא אלא כל זמן שהרוק מצוי בתוך הפה מחמת תשמיש

UNTIL THE WOUND IS HEALED. For how long?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Is the wound regarded as unhealed. ');"><sup>24</sup></span>

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30

נחירה דקאמר רב היכי

— Rab Judah replied: Rab said, 'So long as it discharges matter', but when I mentioned this in the presence of Samuel the latter said to me, 'I do not know what that "discharging" exactly means; rather explain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The statement, UNTIL THE WOUND etc. ');"><sup>25</sup></span>

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31

דמי אמר רב שמואל בר רב יצחק לדידי מפרשא לי מיניה דרב

So long as spittle is engendered in the mouth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Euphemism. ');"><sup>26</sup></span>

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32

עומדת ורואה יושבת ואינה רואה בידוע שלא חיתה המכה

on account of intercourse'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. when intercourse is accompanied by bleeding. ');"><sup>27</sup></span>

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33

על גבי קרקע ורואה על גבי כרים וכסתות ואינה רואה בידוע שלא חיתה המכה

How is one to understand the 'discharging' of which Rab spoke? — R. Samuel son of R. Isaac replied. This was explained to me by Rab: If when standing she observes a discharge and when sitting she does not observe one, it may be known that the wound has not healed; if when lying on the ground she observes a discharge and when lying on cushions and bolsters she does not observe one, it may be known that the wound had not healed; and if when lying on any of these she either observes a discharge or does not observe one, it may be known that the wound is healed.

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34

על גבי כולם ורואה ע"ג כולם ואינה רואה בידוע שחיתה המכה

IF THE AGE OF HER MENSTRUATION HAS ARRIVED etc. It was stated: If she had intercourse in the day time,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in the days', the four days following marriage. ');"><sup>28</sup></span>

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35

הגיע זמנה וכו'

Rab ruled, She has not lost thereby the right to intercourse during the nights. but Levi ruled, She has thereby lost the right to intercourse in the nights. Rab ruled, 'She has not lost thereby the right to intercourse during the nights', because we learnt, UNTIL THE EXIT OF THE SABBATH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying both the intervening days and the intervening nights. ');"><sup>29</sup></span>

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36

איתמר

'But Levi ruled, She has thereby lost the right to intercourse in the nights', for the meaning of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what'. ');"><sup>30</sup></span>

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37

שימשה בימים רב אמר

FOUR NIGHTS mentioned is four 'onahs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An 'onah (period) being either a day or a night. ');"><sup>31</sup></span>

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38

לא הפסידה לילות ולוי אמר

But according to Rab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who allows intercourse during both the days and the nights. ');"><sup>32</sup></span>

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39

הפסידה לילות

what was the purpose of mentioning FOUR NIGHTS? — We were thereby informed of what is regarded as good manners, viz., that intercourse should take place at night.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that the way of&nbsp;… in the nights'. ');"><sup>33</sup></span>

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40

רב אמר

But according to Levi<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who allows no more than four 'onahs. ');"><sup>34</sup></span>

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41

לא הפסידה לילות עד מוצאי שבת תנן

it should only have been stated FOUR NIGHTS, what was the purpose of saying, UNTIL THE EXIT OF THE SABBATH? — It is this that we were informed:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the statement mentioned, from which it follows that if intercourse had taken place on two weekday 'onahs only the night and the day of the Sabbath are also permitted 'onahs. ');"><sup>35</sup></span>

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42

ולוי אמר

That it is permitted to perform the first marital intercourse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the one before virginity is finally removed. ');"><sup>36</sup></span>

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43

הפסידה לילות מאי ארבע לילות דקתני

on the Sabbath,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though virginity is injured in the process. ');"><sup>37</sup></span>

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44

ארבעה עונות

in agreement with a ruling of Samuel; for Samuel ruled: It is permissible to enter through a narrow breach<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Euphemism. After the two acts of intercourse the opening is still narrow. ');"><sup>38</sup></span>

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45

ולרב למה לי למיתנא ארבע לילות

on the Sabbath although one causes pebbles to fall.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Injures virginity. ');"><sup>39</sup></span>

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46

אורח ארעא קמ"ל

It was stated: If a man had marital intercourse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With a virgin, for the first time. ');"><sup>40</sup></span>

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47

דדרכה דביאה בלילות

and found no blood but, having repeated the act,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Within the following four nights. ');"><sup>41</sup></span>

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48

וללוי ליתני ארבע לילות עד מוצאי שבת למה לי

he found blood, R. Hanina ruled: The woman is unclean;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The blood being deemed to be menstrual. ');"><sup>42</sup></span>

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49

הא קמ"ל

but R. Assi ruled: She is clean. 'R. Hanina ruled: The woman is unclean', for if it were the case that the blood was that of virginity it would have issued on the first occasion. 'But R. Assi ruled: She is clean', because it is possible that something unusual may have happened to her, in accordance with a statement of Samuel; for Samuel stated, 'I could perform a number of acts of intercourse without causing any bleeding'. And the other?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Hanina. How in view of Samuel's statement can he maintain that the blood must be menstrual? ');"><sup>43</sup></span>

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50

דשרי למבעל לכתחלה בשבת

— Samuel is different from ordinary people since his capability<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his strength'. ');"><sup>44</sup></span>

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51

כדשמואל דאמר שמואל

was great.

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52

פרצה דחוקה מותר ליכנס בה בשבת ואע"פ שמשיר צרורות

Rab stated: A woman who has reached her maturity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Bogereth, v. Glos. ');"><sup>45</sup></span>

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53

איתמר

is<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even according to Beth Hillel. ');"><sup>46</sup></span>

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54

בעל ולא מצא דם וחזר ובעל ומצא דם רבי חנינא אמר

allowed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For intercourse despite the possibility of bleeding. ');"><sup>47</sup></span>

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55

טמאה ורבי אסי אמר

all the first night.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of her married life. ');"><sup>48</sup></span>

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56

טהורה

But this applies only to a woman who had never yet observed a discharge, but if she did observe one she is permitted the obligatory act of intercourse only and no more. An objection was raised: It once happened that Rabbi allowed a woman intercourse on four nights in twelve months.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The husband having departed for three months after each of the first three acts of intercourse every one of which has been accompanied by bleeding. Despite the length of time Rabbi regarded the bleeding to be due to virginity. ');"><sup>49</sup></span>

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57

ר' חנינא אמר

Now how is one to understand his ruling? If it be suggested that he allowed her all these nights<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all of them'. ');"><sup>50</sup></span>

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58

טמאה דאם איתא דהוה דם בתולים מעיקרא הוי אתי

during the period of her minority

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59

ורבי אסי אמר

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60

טהורה דילמא אתרמי ליה כדשמואל

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61

דאמר שמואל

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62

יכולני לבעול כמה בעילות בלא דם

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63

ואידך שאני שמואל דרב גובריה

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64

אמר רב

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65

בוגרת נותנין לה לילה הראשון

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66

וה"מ שלא ראתה אבל ראתה אין לה אלא בעילת מצוה ותו לא

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67

מיתיבי

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68

מעשה ונתן לה רבי ארבע לילות מתוך י"ב חדש

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69

ה"ד

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70

אילימא דיהיב לה כולהו בימי קטנות

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