Niddah 128

Chapter 128

א ונאסר יום עשרים מפני שאורח בזמנו בא
1 and the twentieth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The established settled period which was changed to the thirtieth no more than twice. (The absence of a discharge on the twentieth in the month in which there was none on the thirtieth is not counted as a deviation from the established habit since there was no discharge whatever in that month.) ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> נשים בבתוליהם כגפנים יש גפן שיינה אדום ויש גפן שיינה שחור ויש גפן שיינה מרובה ויש גפן שיינה מועט ר' יהודה אומר כל גפן יש בה יין ושאין בה יין ה"ז דורקטי
2 becomes a forbidden one, because the guest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The established period that re-appeared on the twentieth. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> comes in his usual time. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. WOMEN IN REGARD TO THEIR VIRGINITY ARE LIKE VINES. ONE VINE MAY HAVE RED WINE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is a vine whose wine is red'. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> WHILE ANOTHER HAS BLACK WINE, ONE VINE MAY YIELD MUCH WINE WHILE ANOTHER YIELDS LITTLE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Similarly with the blood of virginity. It may be red or black, much or little. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנא דור קטוע תני רבי חייא כשם שהשאור יפה לעיסה כך דמים יפין לאשה תנא משום ר"מ כל אשה שדמיה מרובין בניה מרובין
3 R. JUDAH STATED: EVERY NORMAL VINE YIELDS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'has'. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> WINE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Every normal woman has the blood of virginity. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> AND ONE THAT YIELDS NO WINE IS BUT A DORKETAI.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. [G] a grape that yields no wine and is used for eating only. Aliter: Dorketai = dor katu'a. This is explained presently. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. One taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In explanation of DORKETAI. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> A generation cut off.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. two notes. A woman who has no blood of virginity cannot have many children. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> R. Hiyya taught: As leaven is wholesome for the dough so is [menstrual] blood wholesome for a woman. One taught in the name of R. Meir: Every woman who has an abundance of [menstrual] blood has many children.
ד <br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך האשה</strong></big><br><br>
4 <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A YOUNG GIRL, WHOSE AGE OF MENSTRUATION<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'her time to see'. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ה מתני׳ <big><strong>תינוקת</strong></big> שלא הגיע זמנה לראות וניסת ב"ש אומרים נותנין לה ארבעה לילות בית הלל אומרים עד שתחיה המכה
5 HAS NOT ARRIVED, MARRIED, BETH SHAMMAI RULED: SHE IS ALLOWED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For marital intercourse. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> FOUR NIGHTS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though blood appeared, it is assumed to be that of injured virginity which, unlike menstrual blood, is clean. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ו הגיע זמנה לראות וניסת ב"ש אומרים נותנין לה לילה הראשון וב"ה אומרים עד מוצאי שבת ארבע לילות
6 AND BETH HILLEL RULED: UNTIL THE WOUND IS HEALED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is explained in the Gemara infra. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> IF THE AGE OF HER MENSTRUATION HAS ARRIVED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But she experienced no discharge. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ז ראתה ועודה בבית אביה ב"ש אומרים נותנין לה בעילת מצוה וב"ה אומרים כל הלילה כולה:
7 AND SHE MARRIED, BETH SHAMMAI RULED: SHE IS ALLOWED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For marital intercourse. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> THE FIRST NIGHT, AND BETH HILLEL RULED: FOUR NIGHTS, UNTIL THE EXIT OF THE SABBATH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Saturday night. A virgin's marriage takes place usually on a Wednesday, v. Keth. 2a. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ח <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק ואפילו ראתה ממאי מדקא מפליג בסיפא בין ראתה בין בשלא ראתה מכלל דרישא לא שנא הכי ולא שנא הכי
8 IF SHE HAD OBSERVED A DISCHARGE WHILE SHE WAS STILL IN HER FATHER'S HOUSE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. before her marriage. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> BETH SHAMMAI RULED: SHE IS ONLY ALLOWED THE OBLIGATORY MARITAL INTERCOURSE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But no more, since the blood may possibly be that of menstruation. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> AND BETH HILLEL RULED: ALL THAT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>
ט תניא נמי הכי ב"ה אומרים עד שתחיה המכה בין ראתה בין לא ראתה
9 NIGHT. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. R. Nahman b. Isaac explained:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling of Beth Hillel in the first clause of our Mishnah. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>
י עד שתחיה המכה עד כמה אמר רב יהודה אמר רב כל זמן שנוחרת כי אמריתה קמיה דשמואל אמר לי נחירה זו איני יודע מה היא אלא כל זמן שהרוק מצוי בתוך הפה מחמת תשמיש
10 Even if she already observed a discharge.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before marriage, when she was still in her father's house. Even in such a case, since the age of menstruation had not yet arrived, Beth Hillel allow intercourse UNTIL THE WOUND IS HEALED. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> Whence is this inferred? — Since in the final clause<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dealing with one whose age of menstruation had arrived. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> a distinction is drawn between one who did and one who did not observe a discharge it follows that in the case in the first clause no distinction is made between the one and the other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'no difference whether thus and no difference (whether) thus', sc. whether she did or did not observe any menstrual discharge before her marriage. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> So it was also taught: Beth Hillel ruled: Intercourse is allowed until the wound is healed irrespective of whether she already<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before her marriage. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> did or did not observe a discharge. UNTIL THE WOUND IS HEALED. For how long?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Is the wound regarded as unhealed. ');"><sup>24</sup></span>
יא נחירה דקאמר רב היכי דמי אמר רב שמואל בר רב יצחק לדידי מפרשא לי מיניה דרב עומדת ורואה יושבת ואינה רואה בידוע שלא חיתה המכה על גבי קרקע ורואה על גבי כרים וכסתות ואינה רואה בידוע שלא חיתה המכה על גבי כולם ורואה ע"ג כולם ואינה רואה בידוע שחיתה המכה
11 — Rab Judah replied: Rab said, 'So long as it discharges matter', but when I mentioned this in the presence of Samuel the latter said to me, 'I do not know what that "discharging" exactly means; rather explain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The statement, UNTIL THE WOUND etc. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> So long as spittle is engendered in the mouth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Euphemism. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> on account of intercourse'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. when intercourse is accompanied by bleeding. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> How is one to understand the 'discharging' of which Rab spoke? — R. Samuel son of R. Isaac replied. This was explained to me by Rab: If when standing she observes a discharge and when sitting she does not observe one, it may be known that the wound has not healed; if when lying on the ground she observes a discharge and when lying on cushions and bolsters she does not observe one, it may be known that the wound had not healed; and if when lying on any of these she either observes a discharge or does not observe one, it may be known that the wound is healed. IF THE AGE OF HER MENSTRUATION HAS ARRIVED etc. It was stated: If she had intercourse in the day time,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in the days', the four days following marriage. ');"><sup>28</sup></span>
יב הגיע זמנה וכו' איתמר שימשה בימים רב אמר לא הפסידה לילות ולוי אמר הפסידה לילות
12 Rab ruled, She has not lost thereby the right to intercourse during the nights. but Levi ruled, She has thereby lost the right to intercourse in the nights. Rab ruled, 'She has not lost thereby the right to intercourse during the nights', because we learnt, UNTIL THE EXIT OF THE SABBATH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying both the intervening days and the intervening nights. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> 'But Levi ruled, She has thereby lost the right to intercourse in the nights', for the meaning of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what'. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> FOUR NIGHTS mentioned is four 'onahs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An 'onah (period) being either a day or a night. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> But according to Rab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who allows intercourse during both the days and the nights. ');"><sup>32</sup></span> what was the purpose of mentioning FOUR NIGHTS? — We were thereby informed of what is regarded as good manners, viz., that intercourse should take place at night.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that the way of&nbsp;… in the nights'. ');"><sup>33</sup></span>
יג רב אמר לא הפסידה לילות עד מוצאי שבת תנן ולוי אמר הפסידה לילות מאי ארבע לילות דקתני ארבעה עונות
13 But according to Levi<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who allows no more than four 'onahs. ');"><sup>34</sup></span> it should only have been stated FOUR NIGHTS, what was the purpose of saying, UNTIL THE EXIT OF THE SABBATH? — It is this that we were informed:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the statement mentioned, from which it follows that if intercourse had taken place on two weekday 'onahs only the night and the day of the Sabbath are also permitted 'onahs. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> That it is permitted to perform the first marital intercourse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the one before virginity is finally removed. ');"><sup>36</sup></span> on the Sabbath,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though virginity is injured in the process. ');"><sup>37</sup></span> in agreement with a ruling of Samuel; for Samuel ruled: It is permissible to enter through a narrow breach<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Euphemism. After the two acts of intercourse the opening is still narrow. ');"><sup>38</sup></span>
יד ולרב למה לי למיתנא ארבע לילות אורח ארעא קמ"ל דדרכה דביאה בלילות וללוי ליתני ארבע לילות עד מוצאי שבת למה לי הא קמ"ל דשרי למבעל לכתחלה בשבת
14 on the Sabbath although one causes pebbles to fall.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Injures virginity. ');"><sup>39</sup></span> It was stated: If a man had marital intercourse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With a virgin, for the first time. ');"><sup>40</sup></span> and found no blood but, having repeated the act,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Within the following four nights. ');"><sup>41</sup></span> he found blood, R. Hanina ruled: The woman is unclean;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The blood being deemed to be menstrual. ');"><sup>42</sup></span> but R. Assi ruled: She is clean. 'R. Hanina ruled: The woman is unclean', for if it were the case that the blood was that of virginity it would have issued on the first occasion. 'But R. Assi ruled: She is clean', because it is possible that something unusual may have happened to her, in accordance with a statement of Samuel; for Samuel stated, 'I could perform a number of acts of intercourse without causing any bleeding'. And the other?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Hanina. How in view of Samuel's statement can he maintain that the blood must be menstrual? ');"><sup>43</sup></span> — Samuel is different from ordinary people since his capability<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his strength'. ');"><sup>44</sup></span>
טו כדשמואל דאמר שמואל פרצה דחוקה מותר ליכנס בה בשבת ואע"פ שמשיר צרורות
15 was great. Rab stated: A woman who has reached her maturity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Bogereth, v. Glos. ');"><sup>45</sup></span>
טז איתמר בעל ולא מצא דם וחזר ובעל ומצא דם רבי חנינא אמר טמאה ורבי אסי אמר טהורה
16 is<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even according to Beth Hillel. ');"><sup>46</sup></span> allowed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For intercourse despite the possibility of bleeding. ');"><sup>47</sup></span> all the first night.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of her married life. ');"><sup>48</sup></span> But this applies only to a woman who had never yet observed a discharge, but if she did observe one she is permitted the obligatory act of intercourse only and no more. An objection was raised: It once happened that Rabbi allowed a woman intercourse on four nights in twelve months.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The husband having departed for three months after each of the first three acts of intercourse every one of which has been accompanied by bleeding. Despite the length of time Rabbi regarded the bleeding to be due to virginity. ');"><sup>49</sup></span>
יז ר' חנינא אמר טמאה דאם איתא דהוה דם בתולים מעיקרא הוי אתי ורבי אסי אמר טהורה דילמא אתרמי ליה כדשמואל דאמר שמואל יכולני לבעול כמה בעילות בלא דם ואידך שאני שמואל דרב גובריה
17 Now how is one to understand his ruling? If it be suggested that he allowed her all these nights<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all of them'. ');"><sup>50</sup></span> during the period of her minority
יח אמר רב בוגרת נותנין לה לילה הראשון וה"מ שלא ראתה אבל ראתה אין לה אלא בעילת מצוה ותו לא
18 
יט מיתיבי מעשה ונתן לה רבי ארבע לילות מתוך י"ב חדש ה"ד אילימא דיהיב לה כולהו בימי קטנות
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