Niddah 142

שראשון ראשון נפסק

each single drop<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'first first'. ');">¹</span>

שפיר קאמרי ליה רבנן לר' יהודה

is detached from the other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And so soon as it drops into the hole it becomes neutralized in the clean blood that issued while the man was still alive. Only where the flow of the blood is continuous and the man lies on the ground, so that there is no mingling of the two kinds of blood, is corpse uncleanness imposed by the Rabbis where the greater part issued after death. ');">²</span>

ר' יהודה לטעמיה דאמר אין דם מבטל דם

But did not the Rabbis speak well to R. Judah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They did. How then (cf. prev. n.) can R. Judah maintain his view? ');">³</span>

ר"ש אומר

— R. Judah follows his own principle, for he laid down that no blood can neutralize other blood.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Zeb. 78a. ');">⁴</span>

צלוב על העץ שדמו שותת לארץ ונמצא תחתיו רביעית דם טמא

R. Simeon ruled: If the blood of a man crucified upon the beam was flowing slowly<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In a continuous stream. Had it been falling in drops each drop would have been neutralized as it fell into the clean blood that issued earlier while the man was still alive. ');">⁵</span>

רבי יהודה מטהר שאני אומר טפה של מיתה עומדת לו על גב העץ

to the ground, and a quarter of a <i>log</i> of blood was found under him, it is unclean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the blood that issued after death and that could not be neutralized (cf. prev. n.) is subject to corpse uncleanness. ');">⁶</span>

ורבי יהודה נימא איהו לנפשיה

R. Judah declared it clean, since it might be held<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'because I say'. ');">⁷</span>

שאני אומר טפה של מיתה עומדת על גב המטה

that the drop of death remained on the beam. But why should not R. Judah say to himself<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of his previous ruling about a slain man lying in a bed (supra 71a ad fin.) where R. Judah ruled that the blood is unclean. ');">⁸</span>

שאני במטה דמחלחלה

'Since it might be held<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'because I say'. ');">⁷</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> בראשונה היו אומרים

that the drop of death remained on the bed'? — [The case of blood] in a bed is different<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From that on the beam. ');">⁹</span>

היושבת על דם טהור היתה מערה מים לפסח

since it percolates.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through the bed to the ground. ');">¹⁰</span>

חזרו לומר

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. FORMERLY IT WAS RULED: A WOMAN WHO ABIDES IN CLEAN BLOOD<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. from the eighth to the fortieth, and from the fifteenth to the eightieth day after the birth of a male and female child respectively (cf. Lev. XII, 2ff). ');">¹¹</span>

הרי היא כמגע טמא מת לקדשים כדברי ב"ה ב"ש אומרים

MAY POUR OUT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., was pouring out'. ');">¹²</span>

אף כטמא מת

WATER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From one vessel into another, the water itself not being touched by her (v. next n. final clause). ');">¹³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מערה אין נוגעת לא אלמא

FOR [WASHING OF] THE PASCHAL LAMB.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. she is subject to the second grade of uncleanness like a tebul yom (v. Glos.), since her immersion was performed at the end of the seven, and the fourteen days respectively, and the sunset prior to the first day of her complete cleanness will not occur before the fortieth and eightieth day respectively. One who is subject to second grade of uncleanness conveys a third grade of uncleanness to foodstuffs only but not to vessels. ');">¹⁴</span>

חולין שנעשו על טהרת הקדש כקדש דמו

SUBSEQUENTLY THEY CHANGED THEIR VIEW: IN RESPECT OF CONSECRATED FOOD SHE IS LIKE ONE WHO CAME IN CONTACT WITH A PERSON THAT WAS SUBJECT TO CORPSE UNCLEANNESS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. her uncleanness in this respect is of the first grade. In regard to unconsecrated things, however, she is still subject to the second grade of uncleanness only. ');">¹⁵</span>

אימא סיפא

THIS ACCORDING TO THE VIEW OF BETH HILLEL. BETH SHAMMAI RULED: EVEN AS ONE WHO IS SUBJECT TO CORPSE UNCLEANNESS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who is a 'father of uncleanness' and conveys an uncleanness of the first grade to vessels also. ');">¹⁶</span>

חזרו לומר הרי היא כמגע טמא מת לקדשים לקדשים אין לחולין לא אלמא

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. 'SHE MAY POUR OUT' only, but may not touch it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The water. ');">¹⁷</span>

חולין שנעשו על טהרת הקדש לאו כקדש דמו

It is thus evident<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since she may not touch the water itself. ');">¹⁸</span>

מתני' מני אבא שאול היא דתניא אבא שאול אומר

that unconsecrated foodstuffs prepared in conditions of holiness<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in the case of the water under discussion which was being prepared for the washing of the paschal lamb. ');">¹⁹</span>

טבול יום תחילה לקדש לטמא שנים ולפסול אחד

are treated as holy. But then read the final clause: SUBSEQUENTLY THEY CHANGED THEIR VIEW: IN RESPECT OF CONSECRATED FOOD SHE IS LIKE ONE WHO CAME IN CONTACT WITH A PERSON THAT WAS SUBJECT TO CORPSE UNCLEANNESS. Thus only<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'yes'. ');">²⁰</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ומודים שהיא אוכלת במעשר וקוצה לה חלה ומקפת וקורא לה שם ואם נפל מרוקה ומדם טהרה על ככר של תרומה שהוא טהור

IN RESPECT OF CONSECRATED FOOD but not in respect of unconsecrated food.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the woman may touch the water itself. ');">²¹</span>

ב"ש אומרים

It is thus evident, is it not, that unconsecrated foodstuffs prepared in conditions of holiness<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in the case of the water under discussion which was being prepared for the washing of the paschal lamb. ');">¹⁹</span>

צריכה טבילה באחרונה ובית הלל אומרים

are not treated as holy? — Who is the author of our Mishnah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. of the final clause. ');">²²</span>

אינה צריכה טבילה באחרונה

It is Abba Saul; for it was taught: Abba Saul ruled, A tebul yom is unclean in the first grade in respect of consecrated food to cause two further grades of uncleanness<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The consecrated food that comes in contact with him is unclean in the second grade and that which comes in contact with this food is unclean in the third grade. ');">²³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> דאמר מר

and one grade of disqualification.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If terumah, for instance, came in contact with the food that is unclean in the third grade (cf. prev. n.) it becomes disqualified but cannot convey any uncleanness to other foodstuffs. ');">²⁴</span>

טבל ועלה אוכל במעשר

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. BUT THEY<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel. ');">²⁵</span>

וקוצה לה חלה

AGREE THAT SHE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. Mishnah. ');">²⁶</span>

חולין הטבולין לחלה לאו כחלה דמו

MAY EAT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Like a tebul yom. ');">²⁷</span>

ומקפת

SECOND TITHE; SHE MAY SET ASIDE HER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'for herself'. ');">²⁸</span>

דאמר מר

DOUGH-OFFERING,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before she designates it as such. ');">²⁹</span>

מצוה לתרום מן המוקף

BRING IT NEAR<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the vessel in which she has put it. ');">³⁰</span>

וקורא לה שם

TO THE DOUGH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the dough-offering must be close to the dough for which it is taken when it is named as the offering for it. ');">³¹</span>

סד"א נגזור דלמא אתי למנגע בה מאבראי קמ"ל

AND DESIGNATE IT AS SUCH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After which, of course, she must not touch it (cf. prev. n. but one). ');">³²</span>

ואם נפל מרוקה

AND THAT IF ANY OF HER SPITTLE OR OF THE BLOOD OF HER PURIFICATION<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 496, n. 1. ');">³³</span>

דתנן

FELL ON A LOAF OF <i>TERUMAH</i> THE LATTER REMAINS CLEAN. BETH SHAMMAI RULED: SHE REQUIRES IMMERSION AT THE END [OF HER DAYS OF PURIFICATION],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the fortieth and eightieth day respectively. ');">³⁴</span>

משקה טבול יום (משקין היוצאין ממנו) כמשקין הנוגע בהם ואלו ואלו אינן מטמאין חוץ ממשקה הזב שהוא אב הטומאה

AND BETH HILLEL RULED: SHE REQUIRES NO IMMERSION AT THE END.

בית שמאי

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Because<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A reason for the first ruling in our Mishnah. ');">³⁵</span>

מאי בינייהו

a Master ruled: If a person performed immersion and came up [from his bathing] he may<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even before sunset. ');">³⁶</span>

אמר רב קטינא

eat of second tithe.

טבול יום ארוך איכא בינייהו

SHE MAY SET ASIDE HER DOUGH-OFFERING. For unconsecrated dough that is <i>tebel</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');">³⁷</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> הרואה יום אחד עשר וטבלה לערב ומשמשה ב"ש אומר

in respect of the dough-offering<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. from which the dough-offering had not been taken. ');">³⁸</span>

מטמאין משכב ומושב וחייבין בקרבן

is not treated like the dough-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A tebul yom (as one subject to the second grade of uncleanness) cannot, therefore, impart any uncleanness to it. ');">³⁹</span> BRING IT NEAR. Because a Master stated: It is a religious duty to set aside the offering from dough that is in close proximity to that for which it is set aside. AND DESIGNATE IT AS SUCH. Since it might have been presumed that this should be forbidden as a preventive measure against the possibility of her touching the dough<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it', after it had been designated as dough offering. ');">⁴⁰</span> from the outside,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. she might put her hand across the sides of the vessel in which the dough-offering is kept, and so impart uncleanness to the offering. ');">⁴¹</span> we were informed [that this is permitted]. AND IF ANY OF HER SPITTLE&nbsp;… FELL. For we have learnt: The liquid [issues] of a tebul yom<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'The liquids that issue from him' is added in cur. edd., in parenthesis. ');">⁴²</span> are like the liquids that he touches, neither of them conveying uncleanness. The exception is the liquid issue of a <i>zab</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The passage from here to the end of the sentence is deleted by Elijah Wilna. ');">⁴³</span> which is a father of uncleanness. BETH SHAMMAI. What is the point at issue between them?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel. ');">⁴⁴</span> — R. Kattina replied: The point at issue between them is the necessity for immersion<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If earlier in that day immersion had already been performed. ');">⁴⁵</span> at the end of a long day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That terminated a period of uncleanness. The forty as well as the eighty days (cf. supra p. 496, n. 1) are regarded as one long day in the course of which (on the seventh and the fourteenth day respectively) immersion had already been performed. ');">⁴⁶</span> <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A WOMAN OBSERVED A DISCHARGE ON THE ELEVENTH DAY<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the last day of a zibah period which is followed by the first day of the next menstruation period. ');">⁴⁷</span> AND PERFORMED IMMERSION IN THE EVENING AND THEN HAD MARITAL INTERCOURSE, BETH SHAMMAI RULED: THEY<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The woman and her husband. ');">⁴⁸</span> CONVEY UNCLEANNESS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As a woman under the obligation of allowing a clean day to pass after a day of uncleanness and as the man who had intercourse with such a woman respectively. ');">⁴⁹</span> TO COUCH AND SEAT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to any object on which they lie or sit, which in turn conveys uncleanness to foodstuffs and drinks. ');">⁵⁰</span> AND THEY ARE LIABLE TO A SACRIFICE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prescribed for a woman and a man who had intercourse in such circumstances (cf. prev. n. but one). ');">⁵¹</span>