Niddah 144

Chapter 144

א ותניא המסיט את הראייה ב"ש אומרים תולין וב"ה מטהרין
1 and it was taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Regarding a zab who experienced one discharge. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> If a man<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who was clean. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב משכבות ומושבות שבין ראייה ראשונה לראייה שנייה ב"ש תולין וב"ה מטהרין
2 caused the shaking of the [first] observed discharge, Beth Shammai ruled: The man must be held in suspense,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Until evening. If the zab experienced a second discharge on that day he becomes a confirmed zab retrospectively and the man who shook the discharge becomes unclean. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג וקתני רישא הרואה ראייה אחת של זוב ב"ש אומרים כשומרת יום כנגד יום אלמא שומרת יום כנגד יום לב"ש תולין
3 and Beth Hillel declared him clean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As is the case with one who caused the shaking of semen who remains clean. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> As to couches and seats occupied between a first and a second discharge, Beth Shammai hold them in suspense and Beth Hillel declare them clean. Now in the first clause it was stated, 'If a man observed one discharge of <i>zibah</i>, Beth Shammai ruled: He is like a woman who waits a day for a day', from which it is evident, is it not, that in the case of a woman who waits a day for a day the uncleanness is held in suspense?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And if she experiences no second discharge she is clean. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> — Do not read, 'A woman who waits a day for a day' but read: Like a man who had intercourse with one who waits a day for a day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because R. Huna agrees in the case of the man that, if the intercourse took place on the second day after the woman's immersion, the question of his uncleanness must he held in suspense and that before a second discharge appears he is even Rabbinically free from certain uncleanness. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> But why is it that he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The man who had the intercourse. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> does not convey uncleanness to couch and seat,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which he alone occupied. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ד לא תימא שומרת יום כנגד יום אלא אימא כבועל שומרת יום כנגד יום
4 while she does convey uncleanness to them?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To couch and seat that have been occupied by her. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ה מאי שנא איהו דלא מטמא משכב ומושב ומאי שנא איהי דמטמיא ליה
5 — About him, since he does not usually bleed, the Rabbis enacted no preventive measure,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That, even where the woman observed no discharge after their intercourse, he shall convey uncleanness to couch and seat. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ו איהו דלא שכיחי ביה דמים לא גזור ביה רבנן איהי דשכיחי בה דמים גזור בה רבנן
6 but in her case, since she does usually bleed, the Rabbis enacted a preventive measure. But<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since a preventive measure was enacted in her case on account of her tendency to bleed. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ז ומאי שנא משכב ומושב דמטמיא ליה ומאי שנא בועל דלא מטמיא ליה
7 why is it that she conveys uncleanness to couch and seat and does not convey uncleanness to the man who had intercourse with her? — To couch and seat which are in common use she conveys uncleanness but to the man who had intercourse, which in such circumstances is an unusual occurrence, no uncleanness is conveyed.
ח משכב ומושב דשכיח מטמיא ליה בועל דלא שכיח לא מטמיא
8 We learnt, IF SHE PERFORMED IMMERSION ON THE NEXT DAY AND THEN HAD INTERCOURSE, SUCH AN ACT IS IMPROPER CONDUCT, BUT THE UNCLEANNESS OF THEIR TOUCH AND THEIR LIABILITY TO A SACRIFICE ON ACCOUNT OF THEIR INTERCOURSE ARE IN SUSPENSE. Does not this represent the general view?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even that of Beth Shammai who accordingly hold that on the day following a discharge during the intermediate days of the zibah period the woman's touch causes only a suspended uncleanness. An objection thus arises against R. Huna who maintained that according to Beth Shammai couch and seat in such circumstances are held to be unclean. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ט תנן טבלה יום שלאחריו ושמשה הרי זו תרבות רעה
9 — No, it is only the view of Beth Hillel. For it was taught: Said R. Judah to Beth Hillel: Do you then call such an act improper conduct, seeing that this man only intended to have intercourse with a menstruant? — 'A menstruant'! How could such an idea be entertained? — Rather read: To have intercourse with a zabah. 'A zabah'! How could this idea be entertained? — Rather read: To have intercourse with one who waits a day for a day. It was stated: As to the tenth day,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. a first discharge on the tenth day of the zibah period. Such a discharge can never develop into a major zibah (by being repeated on three consecutive days) since the tenth day is followed by one day only of the zibah period (the eleventh) the twelfth being the first of the next menstruation period. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
י מגען ובעילתן תלויין מאי לאו דברי הכל היא
10 R. Johanan ruled, The tenth is on a par with the ninth; as the ninth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since a discharge on it may develop (if it is repeated on the tenth and the eleventh) into a major zibah. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
יא לא ב"ה היא דתניא אמר להם רבי יהודה לב"ה וכי לזו אתם קורין תרבות רעה והלא לא נתכוון זה אלא לבעול את הנדה נדה ס"ד
11 must be followed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'requires'. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> by observation<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the next day. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> so must the tenth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it was the first day in the zibah period on which a discharge appeared. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> be followed by observation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the eleventh; though a repeated discharge on the latter day would not constitute a major zibah. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> Resh Lakish ruled: The tenth is on a par with the eleventh; as the eleventh<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is the last day of the zibah period. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>
יב אלא אימא לבעול את הזבה זבה ס"ד אלא אימא לבעול שומרת יום כנגד יום
12 need not be followed by observation<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Beth Hillel the day following being one of menstruation. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> so the tenth need not be followed by observation.
יג איתמר עשירי רבי יוחנן אמר עשירי כתשיעי מה תשיעי בעי שימור אף עשירי בעי שימור
13 Some there are who teach this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The dispute between R. Johanan and Resh Lakish. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> in connection with the following. R. Eleazar b. 'Azariah said to R. Akiba, Even if you were all day to draw inferences from<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., increase, i.e., to regard every Scriptural mention of 'with oil', in connection with the thanksgiving-offering, as implying an addition to the quantity specified. Any two additions imply a reduction (cf. Zeb. 82a, 89a). ');"><sup>22</sup></span> the repetition of 'with oil'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'with oil, with oil,' (cf. Rashal and BaH.). ');"><sup>23</sup></span>
יד ר"ל אמר עשירי כאחד עשר מה אחד עשר לא בעי שימור אף עשירי לא בעי שימור
14 I would not listen to you, the fact being that the prescribed quantities of half a <i>log</i> of oil for a thanksgiving-offering, and a quarter of a <i>log</i> of wine for a nazirite, and the eleven days that intervene between one menstruation period and the next are the <i>halachah</i> of Moses handed down from Sinai. What is the '<i>halachah</i>' referred to? — R. Johanan replied: The one <i>halachah</i> applicable to the eleventh day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a zibah period. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> Resh Lakish replied: The halachahs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Two. ');"><sup>25</sup></span>
טו איכא דמתני לה אהא אמר לו רבי אלעזר בן עזריה לר"ע אפי' אתה מרבה בשמן [בשמן] כל היום כולו איני שומע לך אלא חצי לוג שמן לתודה ורביעית יין לנזיר ואחד עשר יום שבין נדה לנדה הלכה למשה מסיני
15 applicable to the eleventh day. 'R. Johanan replied: The one <i>halachah</i> applicable to the eleventh day' i.e., the eleventh day<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If a discharge was observed on it. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> only need not be followed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As any other of the eleven days must. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> by a day of observation<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the next day is the first of the menstruation period. ');"><sup>28</sup></span>
טז מאי הלכה ר' יוחנן אמר הלכה י"א ר"ל אומר הלכות אחד עשר
16 but for the other days<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tenth. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The eleventh. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> does serve as a day of observation. But 'Resh Lakish replied: The halachahs applicable to the eleventh day', i.e., neither need the eleventh be followed by one of observation nor does it serve as one of observation for the tenth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the Pentateuchal law. Rabbinically, however, even the eleventh day must be followed by one of observation before the woman may be regarded as clean. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> But are these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The rules regarding the eleventh day. ');"><sup>32</sup></span> halachahs? Are they not in fact derived from Scriptural texts? For it was taught: As it might have been presumed that if a woman observes a discharge on three consecutive days at the beginning of a menstruation period she shall be a zabah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Requiring a count of seven days after the third, and a sacrifice at the end of the counting. ');"><sup>33</sup></span>
יז ר' יוחנן אמר הלכה אחד עשר אחד עשר הוא דלא בעי שימור הא לאחריני עביד שימור ור"ל אמר הלכות אחד עשר לא אחד עשר בעי שימור ולא שימור לעשירי הוי
17 and that the text<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., and what do I establish', sc, what is derived from. ');"><sup>34</sup></span> 'If a woman have an issue and her issue in her flesh be blood'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XV, 19, which implies that neither the counting of seven days nor any sacrifice is required. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> applies<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n. but one. ');"><sup>36</sup></span> to one who observed a discharge on one day only<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Rashal. Cur. edd. in parenthesis, 'but she who observes on three days at the beginning shall be a zabah'. ');"><sup>37</sup></span>
יח הני הלכות נינהו הני קראי נינהו דתניא יכול הרואה ג' ימים בתחילת נדה רצופים תהא זבה
18 it was, therefore, explicitly stated,
יט ומה אני מקיים (ויקרא טו, יט) אשה כי תהיה זבה דם יהיה זובה ברואה יום אחד (אבל הרואה ג' ימים בתחילה תהיה זבה) תלמוד לומר
19