Pesachim 102

ונטל ספיחי כרוב ואכל ונתן לי ואמר לי בני בפני אכול שלא בפני לא תאכל אני שראיתי את ר"ש בן יוחי שאכל כדי הוא ר' שמעון בן יוחי לסמוך עליו בפניו ושלא בפניו אתה בפני אכול שלא בפני לא תאכל

and he took the aftergrowth of the cabbage<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: It was in a Sabbatical year, and after the time when provisions must be removed from the house; v. p. 243, n. 1. Tosaf. maintains that 'and he took' implies that he pulled it out of the earth; thus it was still available for cattle, and therefore it was before the time of removal.');">¹</span> and ate it, and he gave [some] to me and said to me, 'My son, in my presence you may eat,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because you can rely upon me.');">²</span> when not in my presence, you may not eat [it].

מאי ר"ש דתניא רבי שמעון אומר כל הספיחים אסורין חוץ מספיחי כרוב שאין כיוצא בהן בירק השדה וחכ"א כל הספיחין אסורים

I who saw R'Simeon B'Yohai eat [it], - R'Simeon B. Yohai is [great] enough to rely upon in his presence and not in his presence; [but] you may eat in my presence, but do not eat [when] not in my presence'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereas Rabbah b.Bar Hanah told his son not to rely upon him even in his presence.');">³</span> What is [this reference to] R'Simeon? For it was taught, R'Simeon said: All aftergrowths are forbidden,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the time of removal (Rashi) ; v. however next note.');">⁴</span>

ותרוייהו אליבא דר' עקיבא דתניא (ויקרא כה, כ) הן לא נזרע ולא נאסוף את תבואתנו א"ר עקיבא וכי מאחר שאין זורעין מהיכא אוספין מכאן לספיחין שהן אסורין

except the aftergrowth of the cabbage, because there is none like them among the vegetables of the field;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi offers two explanations the first of which he rejects. The second, about which he is also doubtful, is this: cabbages remain in the ground right through winter, whereas the aftergrowths of other vegetables are consumed earlier: hence we are more lenient with cabbages, because we can never apply to them the principle, 'when it ceases for the beasts in the field, it must cease - (i.e., be removed from) the man in the house'. V. p. 251, n. 1, for a different interpretation.');">⁵</span> but the Sages maintain, All aftergrowths are forbidden. Now, both [state their views] on the basis of R'Akiba.

במאי קא מיפלגי רבנן סברי גזרינן ספיחי כרוב אטו שאר ספיחי דעלמא ור"ש סבר לא גזרינן ספיחי כרוב אטו ספיחי דעלמא:

For it was taught: Behold, we may not sow, nor gather in our increase.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 20.');">⁶</span> R'Akiba said: Now, since they do not sow, whence can they gather?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Then why state 'nor gather in our increase'?');">⁷</span> Hence it follows that the aftergrowth is forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And to this they refer.');">⁸</span>

ההולך ממקום וכו': בשלמא ההולך ממקום שעושין למקום שאין עושין נותנין עליו חומרי מקום שהלך לשם ואל ישנה אדם מפני המחלוקת ולא ליעביד

Wherein do they differ? The Rabbis hold, We preventively forbid the aftergrowth of cabbage on account of other aftergrowths in general; whereas R'Simeon holds: We do not preventively forbid the aftergrowth of cabbage on account of [other] aftergrowths in general.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Tam: the reference is to the time before the removal. Both R. Simeon and the Rabbis accept R. Akiba's view that the aftergrowth is Scripturally forbidden, but only that aftergrowth which is similar to sowing (seeds) , for the verse, 'we may not sow, nor gather in our increase, implies that 'our increase,' which refers to the aftergrowth, is similar to what 'we may not sow'; but the cabbage plant has more affinity to trees then to seeds (v. Keth. 111b) , hence it is not forbidden by Biblical law. This view is held by both, and they differ whether the cabbage aftergrowth is Rabbinically forbidden as a preventive measure or not. Another explanation is given in Tosaf. on quite different lines.');">⁹</span> HE WHO GOES FROM A PLACE etc. As for [teaching], HE WHO GOES FROM A PLACE WHERE THEY DO WORK TO A PLACE WHERE THEY DO NOT WORK.

אלא ממקום שאין עושין למקום שעושין אל ישנה אדם מפני המחלוקת ונעביד הא אמרת נותנין עליו חומרי מקום שהלך לשם וחומרי מקום שיצא משם

WE LAY UPON HIM THE RESTRICTIONS OF THE PLACE WHITHER HE HAS GONE, AND A MAN MUST NOT ACT DIFFERENTLY, ON ACCOUNT OF THE QUARRELS, that is well, and he must not work. But [if he goes] FROM A PLACE WHERE THEY DO NOT WORK TO A PLACE WHERE THEY DO WORK. A MAN MUST NOT ACT DIFFERENTLY, BECAUSE OF THE QUARRELS - [that is] he is to work?

אמר אביי ארישא רבא אמר לעולם אסיפא והכי קאמר אין בזו מפני שינוי המחלוקת מאי קא אמרת הרואה אומר מלאכה אסורה מימר אמרי כמה בטלני הוי בשוקא

But you say, WE LAY UPON HIM THE RESTRICTION OR THE PLACE WHITHER HE HAS GONE AND THE RESTRICTIONS OF THE Place WHENCE HE HAS DEPARTED! - Said Abaye: It refers to the first clause.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., HE MUST NOT ACT DIFFERENTLY if he goes FROM A PLACE WHERE THEY DO WORK TO A PLACE WHERE THEY DO NOT WORK.');">¹⁰</span> Raba said: After all it refers to the second clause, but this is its meaning: This does not come within [the scope of] differences which cause quarrels. What will you say: He who sees will say, '[He regards] work as forbidden? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though we permit it; do you fear that this will lead to strife?');">¹¹</span>

א"ל רב ספרא לרבי אבא כגון אנן דידעינן בקביעא דירחא

[No:] they will indeed say, 'How many unemployed are there in the market place!'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Raba explains the Mishnah thus: IF A MAN GOES FROM A PLACE WHERE THEY DO NOT WORK TO A PLACE WHERE THEY WORK . . WE IMPOSE UPON HIM THE RESTRICTION OF THE PLACE WHENCE HE HAS DEPARTED. For the general principle that a man MUST NOT ACT DIFFERENTLY from the rest of the people was only ON ACCOUNT OF THE QUARRELS, whereas here we have no fear.');">¹²</span> R'Safra said to R'Abba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. Raba.');">¹³</span> For instance I,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [So Tosaf. and MS. M., cur. edd. 'we'.]');">¹⁴</span> who know [the art] of fixing the New Moon,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By Biblical law Festivals are holy on the first and the seventh days only (Pentecost one day altogether) . But owing to uncertainty in early time about the exact day of New Moon, i.e., when the month began, it became a binding practice in the Diaspora to observe two days instead of one, and this remained binding even when New Moon was ascertained by mathematical calculation, which obviated all doubt.');">¹⁵</span>