Pesachim 11

Chapter 11

א היינו דאיצטריך לא ימצא אלא למאן דאמר כממון דמי לא ימצא למה לי איצטריך סלקא דעתך אמינא הואיל וכי איתיה הדר בעיניה לאו ברשותיה קאי קמשמע לן
1 hence 'there shall not be found' is necessary. But on the view that it is as money. what is the purpose of 'there shall not be found'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is obviously forbidden, since it is just like his own!');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב בעו מיניה מרבא בהמת ארנונא חייבת בבכורה או אין חייבת בבכורה כל היכא דמצי מסלק ליה בזוזי לא קא מיבעיא לן דחייב
2 - It is necessary: you might argue, since if in existence it is returned as it is,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., not lost or stolen or destroyed.');"><sup>2</sup></span> it does not stand in his possession.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In regard to the prohibition 'there shall not be found'.');"><sup>3</sup></span> Hence he informs us [otherwise].
ג כי קא מיבעיא לן היכא דלא מצי מסלק ליה בזוזי מאי אמר להו פטורה והתניא חייבת התם דמצי מסלק ליה
3 Raba was asked: Is cattle liable to arnona<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tax from crops and cattle paid in kind.');"><sup>4</sup></span> subject to the law of firstlings or not?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where a non-Jew has a share in an animal it is definitely not subject thereto; the question here is as explained in the text.');"><sup>5</sup></span> Wherever one can put him off with money.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e.,the king, to whom the tax is payable, will accept money instead of the animal.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ד איכא דאמרי אמר רבא בהמת ארנונא פטורה מן הבכורה ואע"ג דמצי מסלק ליה עיסת ארנונא חייבת בחלה ואע"ג דלא מצי מסלק ליה
4 we do not ask, for he is [certainly] liable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The owner is bound to render it as a firstling.');"><sup>7</sup></span> our problem arises where he cannot put him off with money: what then? He replied: It is not subject [thereto].
ה מאי טעמא בהמה אית לה קלא עיסה לית לה קלא:
5 But surely it was taught: It [the animal] is subject [thereto]? -There it is a case where he can put him off with money. others state, Raba said: Cattle liable to arnona is not subject to the law of firstlings. even when he can put him off with money.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because until he does pay him off the non-Jew has a claim upon it.');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ו תנו רבנן נכרי שנכנס לחצירו של ישראל ובציקו בידו אין זקוק לבער הפקידו אצלו זקוק לבער יחד לו בית אין זקוק לבער שנא' לא ימצא
6 A dough [made of flour] liable to arnona<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a dough from which arnona is paid.');"><sup>9</sup></span> is subject to hallah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. and Num. XV, 20f: of the first of your dough ye shall offer up a cake for an heave-offering . . of the first of your dough ye shall give unto the Lord an heave-offering throughout your generations. Here too 'your' excludes');"><sup>10</sup></span> What is the reason?
ז מאי קאמר אמר רב פפא ארישא קאי והכי קאמר הפקידו אצלו זקוק לבער שנאמר לא ימצא
7 [The facts about] cattle are generally known;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'an animal has a sound (voice) ' - i.e., it will be known that it belongs to a herd liable to arnona.');"><sup>11</sup></span> [the facts about a dough] are not generally known.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The on-looker does not know that the dough is made of flour subject to arnona and may suspect him of violating the law.');"><sup>12</sup></span> Our Rabbis taught: If a Gentile enters an Israelite's court-yard with [leavened] dough in his hand,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the fourteenth of Nisan after noon, when leaven is forbidden.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ח רב אשי אמר לעולם אסיפא קאי והכי קאמר יחד לו בית אין זקוק לבער שנאמר לא ימצא בבתיכם והא לאו דידיה הוא דנכרי כי קא מעייל לביתא דנפשיה קא מעייל
8 he [the Israelite] is not obliged to remove it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is not his, v. supra 5b.');"><sup>14</sup></span> if he deposits it with him, he is obliged to remove it;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he accepts responsibility for same.');"><sup>15</sup></span> if he assigns a room to him [for the dough], he is not obliged to remove it, because it is said, '[Leaven] shall not be found'.
ט למימרא דשכירות קניא והתנן אף במקום שאמרו להשכיר לא לבית דירה אמרו מפני שמכניסין לתוכו ע"ז ואי סלקא דעתך דשכירות קניא כי קא מעייל לביתיה דנפשיה קא מעייל
9 What does he [the Tanna] mean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If anything the quotation intimates the reverse.');"><sup>16</sup></span> - Said R'Papa: He refers to the first clause, and says thus: If he deposit it with him, he is obliged to remove it, because it is said, '[Leaven] shall not be found'. R'Ashi said: After it refers to the second clause, and he says thus: If he assigned a room to him he is not obliged to remove it, because it is said, '[Leaven] shall not be found in your houses,' and this is not his [house], for when the Gentile carries in [the leaven], he carries it into his own house.
י שאני הכא דאפקיה רחמנא בלשון לא ימצא מי שמצוי בידך יצא זה שאינו מצוי בידך
10 Shall we say that renting confers a title?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the house becomes legally the non-Jew's.');"><sup>17</sup></span> But surely we learned: Even in the place where they [the Sages] permitted renting [to a heathen], they did not permit [renting] for a dwelling-house, because he [the heathen] introduces [his] idols therein.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A.Z. 21a.');"><sup>18</sup></span> Now if you should think that renting confers a title, when he introduces [the idols] he introduces [them] into his own house? - Here it is different, because the Divine Law expresses it in the form of 'there shall not be found', [implying] that which is found in your hand [is forbidden], which excludes this [case], since it is not found in your hand.
יא אמר רב יהודה אמר רב המוצא חמץ בביתו ביום טוב כופה עליו את הכלי אמר רבא אם של הקדש הוא אינו צריך מאי טעמא מיבדל בדילי מיניה
11 Rab Judah said in Rab's name: If one finds leaven in his house during the Festival, he overturns a vessel upon it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It must not be handled and carried out, because it is mukzeh (v. Glos.) , since it cannot be put to any use, all benefit from leaven being forbidden during Passover. He therefore covers it over with a vessel and burns it in the evening on the termination of the Festival.');"><sup>19</sup></span> Raba said: If dough partly owned by a non-Jew; nevertheless this dough is subject to hallah, as explained in the text.
יב ואמר רב יהודה אמר רב חמצו של נכרי עושה לו מחיצה עשרה טפחים משום היכר ואם של הקדש הוא אינו צריך מאי טעמא מיבדל בדילי אינשי מיניה
12 it is of hekdesh,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>20</sup></span> this is unnecessary. What is the reason?
יג ואמר רב יהודה אמר רב המפרש והיוצא בשיירא קודם שלשים יום אין זקוק לבער תוך שלשים יום זקוק לבער אמר אביי הא דאמרת תוך שלשים יום זקוק לבער לא אמרן אלא שדעתו לחזור אבל אין דעתו לחזור אין זקוק לבער
13 He does indeed hold aloof from it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In any case, since it is hekdesh.');"><sup>21</sup></span> Rab Judah also said in Rab's name: Leaven belonging to a Gentile,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In a Jew's house.');"><sup>22</sup></span> he [the Israelite] must set up a partition of ten handbreadths around it as a distinguishing mark;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference here is to the fourteenth, and the partition is needed lest he forget himself and eat it, The overturning of a vessel upon it does not suffice here lest he might remove it in the course of the seven days.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
יד אמר ליה רבא ואי דעתו לחזור אפילו מראש השנה נמי אלא אמר רבא הא דאמרת קודם שלשים יום אין זקוק לבער לא אמרן אלא שאין דעתו לחזור אבל דעתו לחזור אפילו מראש השנה זקוק לבער
14 but if it belongs to hekdesh this is unnecessary. What is the reason? People hold aloof from it.
טו ואזדא רבא לטעמיה דאמר רבא העושה ביתו אוצר קודם שלשים יום אין זקוק לבער תוך שלשים יום זקוק לבער
15 Rab Judah also said in Rab's name: He who sets sail, and he who sets out in a [caravan] company, before thirty days [prior to Passover], is not bound to remove [the leaven]; if within thirty days, he is bound to remove [it]. Abaye observed: When you say, if within thirty days he is bound to remove it, we said this only where his intention is to return [during Passover]; but if it is not his intention to return, he is not bound to remove [it]. Said Raba to him: But if his intention is to return, even [if he sets out] on New Year too?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He must still remove it, since he will be in the house on Passover.');"><sup>24</sup></span>
טז וקודם שלשים נמי לא אמרן אלא שאין דעתו לפנותו אבל דעתו לפנותו אפילו קודם שלשים יום נמי זקוק לבער
16 Rather, said Raba: When you say. if before thirty days he is not bound to remove it, we said this only where it is not his intention to return; but if his intention is to return, even [if he sets out] on New Year too. Now Raba is consistent with his view.
יז הני שלשים יום מאי עבידתייהו כדתניא שואלין ודורשין בהלכות הפסח קודם הפסח שלשים יום ר' שמעון בן גמליאל אומר שתי שבתות מאי טעמא דתנא קמא
17 For Raba said: If one turns his house into a granary<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e.,he stores provisions in it, and under them lies leaven.');"><sup>25</sup></span> before thirty days [prior to the Passover], he is not bound to remove [the leaven];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By being buried under his provisions it is as though it were removed.');"><sup>26</sup></span> if within thirty days, he is bound to remove it;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the obligation to remove it becomes operative in this period, and one cannot remove it thus at the very outset.');"><sup>27</sup></span> and even before thirty days too, we said this only when it is not his intention to clear it [the store of provisions] away; but if his intention is to clear it away, even before thirty days too he is bound to remove it What business have these thirty days?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why is the matter dependent on this period?');"><sup>28</sup></span> - As it was taught: Questions are asked and lectures are given on the laws of Passover for thirty days before Passover. R'Simeon B'Gamaliel said: Two weeks. What is the reason of the first Tanna?