Pesachim 110

גומרה בארבעה עשר אימתי בזמן שהתחיל בה קודם ארבעה עשר אבל לא התחיל בה קודם ארבעה עשר לא יתחיל בה בארבעה עשר אפילו צילצול קטן אפילו שבכה קטנה לצורך המועד אין שלא לצורך המועד לא הוא הדין דאפילו שלא לצורך נמי גמרינן והא קמ"ל דאפי' לצורך המועד מיגמר אין אתחולי לא

he may finish it on the fourteenth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even where it is customary not to do any work.');">¹</span> When is that? When he began it before the fourteenth; but if he did not begin it before the fourteenth, he must not begin it on the fourteenth, even a small girdle, even a small hair-net.

ת"ש ר' מאיר אומר כל מלאכה שהיא לצורך המועד גומרה בארבעה עשר ושאינה לצורך המועד אסור ועושין מלאכה בערבי פסחים עד חצות במקום שנהגו מקום שנהגו אין לא נהגו לא וש"מ לצורך המועד אין שלא לצורך המועד לא ש"מ:

[Thus,] only when required for the Festival, but not when it is not required! - No: the same law holds good that even when it is not required for the Festival we may also finish it, and he informs us this: that even when it is required for the Festival, we may only finish, but not begin. Come and hear: R'Meir said: Any work which is required for the Festival, he may finish it on the fourteenth; but that which is not required for the Festival is forbidden; and one may work on the eve of Passover until midday where it is customary [to work]. [Thus,] only where it is the custom, but if it is not the custom,it is not [permitted at all].

וחכמים אומרים שלש אומניות: תנא החייטין שכן הדיוט תופר כדרכו בחולו של מועד הספרין והכובסין שכן הבא ממדינת הים והיוצא מבית האסורין מספרין ומכבסין בחולו של מועד רבי יוסי ברבי יהודה אומר אף הרצענין שכן עולי רגלים מתקנין מנעליהן בחולו של מועד

Hence this proves that when required for the Festival it is [permitted], bu when it is not required for the Festival it is not [permitted]. This proves it. BUT THE SAGES MAINTAIN, THREE CRAFTSMEN [etc.].

במאי קמיפלגי מר סבר למידין תחילת מלאכה מסוף מלאכה ומר סבר אין למידין תחילת מלאכה מסוף מלאכה:

A Tanna taught: Tailors, because a layman<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a man who is not a craftsman in this particular trade.');">²</span> may sew in the usual way on the intermediate Days;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'the non-holy (portion) of the Festival'; v. p. 16, n. 4. Only professional work is forbidden, but not the work a non-professional does at home.');">³</span> hairdressers and washermen, because he who comes from overseas and he who comes out of prison may cut their hair and wash [their garments] on the Intermediate Days.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence on the fourteenth, which is certainly lighter than the Intermediate Days, these may be done in general, and even by professionals.');">⁴</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> מושיבין שובכין לתרנגולים בי"ד ותרנגולת שברחה מחזירין אותה למקומה ואם מתה מושיבין אחרת תחתיה גורפין מתחת רגלי בהמה בי"ד ובמועד מסלקין לצדדין מוליכין כלים ומביאין מבית האומן אע"פ שאינם לצורך המועד:

R'Jose son of R'Judah said: Shoemakers too, because the Festival pilgrims<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Deut. XVI, 16.');">⁵</span> repaired their shoes on the Intermediate Days. Wherein do they differ? - One Master holds, We learn the beginning of the work from the end of the work;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Making shoes is the beginning; repairing them is the end. Just as repairing is permitted, so is making them permitted.');">⁶</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> השתא אותובי מותבינן אהדורי מיבעיא אמר אביי סיפא אתאן לחולו של מועד

while the other Master holds, We do not learn the beginning of the work from the end of the work. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>ONE MAY SET UP CHICKEN-HOUSES FOR FOWLS ON THE FOURTEENTH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., you may put in eggs for brooding (Jast.) . Rashi reads 'and' instead of 'FOR', and renders: One may set up dove-cots and fowls (to brood) .');">⁷</span> AND IF A [BROODING] FOWL RAN AWAY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From its eggs.');">⁸</span>

אמר רב הונא לא שנו אלא תוך שלשה למרדה דאכתי לא פרח צימרא מינה ואחר שלשה לישיבתה דפסדא לה ביעי לגמרי אבל לאחר שלשה למרדה דפרח לה צימרא מינה ותוך שלשה לישיבתה דאכתי לא פסידי ביעי לגמרי לא מהדרינן רבי אמי אמר אפילו תוך שלשה לישיבתה מהדרינן

ONE MAY SET HER BACK IN HER PLACE; AND IF SHE DIED, ONE MAY SET ANOTHER IN HER PLACE. ONE MAY SWEEP AWAY FROM UNDER AN ANIMAL'S FEET ON THE FOURTEENTH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the dung, and throw it away.');">⁹</span> BUT ON THE FESTIVAL<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which of course is stricter.');">¹⁰</span>

במאי קמיפלגי מר סבר להפסד מרובה חששו להפסד מועט לא חששו ומר סבר להפסד מועט נמי חששו:

ONE MAY REMOVE [IT] ON A SIDE [ONLY].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not sweep it altogether away.');">¹¹</span> ONE MAY TAKE UTENSILS [TO] AND BRING [THEM BACK] FROM AN ARTISAN'S HOUSE, EVEN IF THEY ARE NOT REQUIRED FOR THE FESTIVAL. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Seeing that you may [even] set [the fowls for brooding], is there a question about putting back?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is obvious!');">¹²</span>

גורפין מתחת: ת"ר הזבל שבחצר מסלקין אותו לצדדין שברפת ושבחצר מוציאין אותו לאשפה

- Said Abaye: The second clause refers to the Intermediate Days of the Festival.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A fowl may not be set to brood then, but she may be put back.');">¹³</span> R'Huna said: They learnt this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That she may be put back even on the Intermediate Days of the Festival.');">¹⁴</span> only [when it is] within three [days] of her rebellion,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., of her running away.');">¹⁵</span>

הא גופא קשיא אמרת זבל שבחצר מסלקין אותו לצדדין והדר תני שברפת ושבחצר מוציאין אותו לאשפה אמר אביי לא קשיא כאן בי"ד כאן בחולו של מועד רבא אמר הא והא בחולו של מועד והכי קאמר אם נעשה חצר כרפת מוציאין אותו לאשפה:

so that her heat<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The desire to hatch.');">¹⁶</span> has not yet left her, and after three days of her brooding, so that the eggs are quite spoiled.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They can no longer be eaten, being too addled.');">¹⁷</span> But if it is after three days since her rebellion, so that her heat has left her, or within three days of her brooding, so that the eggs are s not completely spoiled,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They can still be eaten.');">¹⁸</span>

מוליכין כלים ומביאין מבית האומן: א"ר פפא בדיק לן רבא תנן מוליכין ומביאין כלים מבית האומן אע"פ שאינן לצורך המועד ורמינהו אין מביאין כלים מבית האומן ואם חושש להן שמא יגנבו מפנן לחצר אחרת

we must not put [her] back.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Intermediate Days.');">¹⁹</span> R'Ammi said: We may even put her back within [the first] three days of her brooding.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the eggs have been slightly spoiled, and not all people would eat them. (15) After three days there is a substantial loss, as the eggs are quite unfit; but within three days the loss is only slight, since some people would eat them.');">²⁰</span> Wherein do they differ? - One Master holds, They [the Sages] cared about a substantial loss, but they did not care about a slight loss; while the other Master holds: They cared about a slight loss too.

ומשנינן לא קשיא כאן בארבעה עשר כאן בחולו של מועד ואיבעית אימא הא והא בחולו של מועד ולא קשיא כאן במאמינו כאן בשאינו מאמינו

ONE MAY SWEEP AWAY FROM UNDER [etc.]. Our Rabbis taught: The manure which is in the court-yard may be moved aside; that which is in the stable and in the court-yard may be taken out to the dunghill. This is self-contradictory: you say, The manure which is in the court-yard may [only] be moved aside; then he [the Tanna] teaches, that which is in the stable and in the court-yard may [even] be taken out to the dunghill? - Said Abaye, There is no difficulty: one refers to the fourteenth [of Nisan]; the other, to th Intermediate Days.

והתניא מביאין כלים מבית האומן כגון הכד מבית הכדר והכוס מבית הזגג אבל לא צמר מבית הצבע ולא כלים מבית האומן ואם אין לו מה יאכל נותן לו שכרו ומניחו אצלו ואם אינו מאמינו מניחן בבית הסמוך לו ואם חושש שמא יגנבו מביאן בצינעה בתוך ביתו

Raba said: Both refer to the Intermediate Days, and this is what he says: If the courtyard became like a stable,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It contains so much manure that it cannot be moved aside.');">²¹</span> it may be taken out to the dunghill. ONE MAY TAKE UTENSILS [TO] AND BRING [THEM BACK] FROM AN ARTISAN'S HOUSE.

תרצת מביאין מוליכין קשיא דקתני אין מביאין וכ"ש דאין מוליכין אלא מחוורתא כדשנינן מעיקרא:

R'Papa said: Raba examined us. We learned: ONE MAY TAKE [UTENSILS TO] AND BRING UTENSILS FROM AN ARTISAN'S HOUSE, EVEN IF THEY ARE NOT REQUIRED FOR THE FESTIVAL. But the following contradicts it: One may not bring utensils from an artisan's house, but if he fears that they may be stolen, he may remove them into another court-yard?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Near the artisan's house, where it is better guarded, but he may not take them home if it is a long distance.');">²²</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ששה דברים עשו אנשי יריחו על שלשה מיחו בידם ועל שלשה לא מיחו בידם ואלו הן שלא מיחו בידם מרכיבין דקלים כל היום וכורכין את שמע וקוצרין וגודשין לפני העומר ואלו שמיחו בידם מתירין גמזיות של הקדש

And we answered, There is no difficulty: Here it means on the fourteenth; there, on the Intermediate Days. Alternatively, both refer to the Intermediate Days, yet there is no difficulty: here it is where he trusts him;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Either that the artisan will not dispose of them, or that he will not claim payment a second time.');">²³</span> there, where he does not trust him. And thus it was 'taught: One may bring vessels from the artisan's house, e.g. , a pitcher from a potter's house, and a [glass] goblet from a glass-maker's house; but [one may] not bring wool from a dyer's house nor vessels from an artisan's house.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The latter two when they are not needed for the Festival.');">²⁴</span> Yet if he [the artisan] has nothing to eat, he must pay him his wages and leave it [the utensil] with him; but i he does not trust him, he places them in a nearby house; and if he is afraid that they may be stolen, he may bring them secretly home.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not publicly, as that would give a too workday appearance to these days.');">²⁵</span> You have reconciled [the contradictions on] bringing; but [the contradictory statements on] taking [the utensils to the artisan's house] present a difficulty, for he teaches, 'One must not bring [from the artisan's house]', hence how much more that we must not take [them to his house]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' While the question of trusting does not arise here.');">²⁶</span> - Rather, it is clear [that it must be reconciled] as we answered it at first.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' viz., that our Mishnah refers to the fourteenth, while the Baraitha refers to the Intermediate Days.');">²⁷</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>SIX THINGS THE INHABITANTS OF JERICHO DID: THREE THEY [THE SAGES] FORBADE THEM,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'stayed their hand'.');">²⁸</span> AND THREE [THEY] DID NOT FORBID THEM. AND IT IS THESE WHICH THEY DID NOT FORBID THEM: THEY GRAFTED PALM TREES ALL DAY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the fourteenth.');">²⁹</span> THEY 'WRAPPED UP' THE SHEMA,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., they recited it without the necessary pauses, v. Gemara 56a.');">³⁰</span> AND THEY HARVESTED AND STACKED [THEIR PRODUCE] BEFORE [THE BRINGING OF] THE 'OMER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. and Lev. XXIII, 10-14. Rashi deletes HARVESTED, as that was quite permissible as far as Jericho was concerned, since no 'omer could be brought from Jericho which was situated in a valley. V. Men. 71a, 8a.');">³¹</span> AND IT IS THESE WHICH THEY FORBADE THEM: THEY PERMITTED [FOR USE] THE BRANCHES - [OF CAROB OR SYCAMORE TREES] BELONGING TO HEKDESH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I. e., the branches which grew after the trees had been vowed to the Sanctuary.');">³²</span>