Pesachim 115

מתני׳ <big><strong>תמיד</strong></big> נשחט בשמונה ומחצה וקרב בתשעה ומחצה בערבי פסחים נשחט בשבע ומחצה וקרב בשמונה ומחצה בין בחול בין בשבת חל ערב פסח להיות בערב שבת נשחט בשש ומחצה וקרב בשבע ומחצה והפסח אחריו:

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>THE [AFTERNOON] TAMID<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The daily burnt-offering: one was brought every morning and another every afternoon. Num. XXVIII, 4.');">¹</span> IS SLAUGHTERED AT EIGHT AND A HALF HOURS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The day being counted from sunrise to sunset, i.e., about six a.m. to six p.m.');">²</span> AND IS OFFERED AT NINE AND A HALF HOURS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sacrificial ceremonies took an hour.');">³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מנא הני מילי

ON THE EVE OF PASSOVER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Heb. is in the plural: on the eves of Passovers.');">⁴</span> IT IS SLAUGHTERED AT SEVEN AND A HALF HOURS AND OFFERED AT EIGHT AND A HALF HOURS, WHETHER IT IS A WEEKDAY OR THE SABBATH. IF THE EVE OF PASSOVER FELL, ON SABBATH EVE [FRIDAY], IT IS SLAUGHTERED AT SIX AND A HALF HOURS AND OFFERED AT SEVEN AND A HALF HOURS, AND THE PASSOVER OFFERING AFTER IT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When the eve of Passover falls on a Friday, time must be left for roasting the Passover offering before the Sabbath commences; hence the earlier hour of the tamid. crg');">⁵</span>

אמר ר' יהושע בן לוי דאמר קרא (במדבר כח, ד) את הכבש אחד תעשה בבקר ואת הכבש השני תעשה בין הערבים חלקהו לבין שני ערבים ב' שעות ומחצה לכאן שתי שעות ומחצה לכאן ושעה אחת לעשייתו

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Whence do we know it? - Said R'Joshua B'Levi, Because Scripture saith, The one lamb shalt thou offer in the morning, and the other lamb shalt thou offer between the two evenings:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. Literal translation. 'Evening' ( 'ereb) is defined as the whole afternoon until nightfall.');">⁶</span> insert<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'divide'.');">⁷</span> it between the two 'evenings', [which gives] two and a half hours before and two and a half hours after<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'here' . .'there'.');">⁸</span>

מתיב רבא בערבי פסחים נשחט בשבע ומחצה וקרב בשמונה ומחצה בין בחול בין בשבת ואי סלקא דעתך בשמונה ומחצה דאורייתא היכי מקדמינן ליה

and one hour for its preparation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus the 'two evenings' are from midday (= six) until eight and a half hours, and from nine and a half hours until nightfall (= twelve) .');">⁹</span> Raba objected: ON THE EVE OF PASSOVER IT IS SLAUGHTERED AT SEVEN AND A HALF HOURS AND OFFERED AT EIGHT AND A HALF HOURS, WHETHER IT IS A WEEKDAY OR THE SABBATH. Now if you think that [it must be slaughtered] at eight and a half hours according to Scriptural law, how may we perform it earlier?

אלא אמר רבא מצותו דתמיד משינטו צללי ערב מאי טעמא דאמר קרא בין הערבי' מעידנא דמתחיל שמשא למערב

Rather, said Raba: The duty of the tamid<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The slaughtering of it.');">¹⁰</span> properly [begins] from when the evening shadows begin to fall.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'decline'. The sun reaches its zenith at midday and then begins to decline in the west, the decline being perceptible from half an hour after midday, and this is regarded as the falling of the evening shadows.');">¹¹</span> What is the reason?

הלכך בשאר ימות השנה דאיכא נדרים ונדבות דרחמנא אמר (ויקרא ו, ה) עליה חלבי השלמים

Because Scripture saith, 'between the evenings', [meaning] from the time that the sun commences to decline in the west. Therefore on other days of the year, when there are vows and freewill-offerings,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are two technical terms: a 'vow' is a votive sacrifice, the particular animal having been unspecified when the vow was made; in a freewill-offering a particular animal was specified at the time of the vow. The difference is that in the former case, if the animal which he subsequently dedicates dies or is rendered unfit before it is sacrificed, he must bring another; but in the latter case he has no further obligation.');">¹²</span> in connection with which the Divine Law states, [and he shall burn] upon it the fat of the peace-offerings [he-shelamim],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VI, 5.');">¹³</span>

ואמר מר (עליה חלבי השלמים) עליה השלם כל הקרבנות כולם מאחרינן ליה תרתי שעי ועבדינן ליה בשמנה ומחצה

and a Master said, 'upon it' complete [shalem] all the sacrifices,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: upon it, Sc. the morning tamid, to which the verse refers, complete etc., i.e., all the sacrifices of the day are to be brought after the morning tamid, but not after the afternoon tamid, which must be the last of the day. This exegesis connects shelamim with shalem (whole, complete) . Jast. translates: with it (the evening sacrifice) cease all sacrifices (none can be offered after it) . This is simpler, but not in accordance with the context.');">¹⁴</span> we therefore postpone it two hours and sacrifice it at eight and a half hours.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To allow time for the voluntary offerings.');">¹⁵</span> [But] on the eve of Passover, when there is the Passover offering after it, we advance it one hour and sacrifice<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'make'.');">¹⁶</span>

בערבי פסחים דאיכא פסח אחריו קדמינן ליה שעה אחת ועבדינן ליה בשבע ומחצה חל ערב פסח להיות ערב שבת דאיכא נמי צלייתו דלא דחי שבת מוקמינן ליה אדיניה בשש ומחצה

it at seven and a half hours. When the eve of Passover falls on the eve of the Sabbath, so that there is the roasting too [to be done], for it does not override the Sabbath,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the roasting is a precept, yet it may not be done on the Sabbath.');">¹⁷</span> we let it stand on its own law, [viz. ,] at six and a ha hours.

ת"ר כסידורו בחול כך סידורו בשבת דברי ר' ישמעאל רבי עקיבא אומר כסידורו בערב פסח

Our Rabbis taught: Just as its order during the week, so is its order on the Sabbath: these are the words of R'Ishmael. R'Akiba said: Just as its order on the eve of Passover. What does this mean? - Said Abaye, This is what it means: Just as its order on a weekday which is the eve of Passover, so is its order on the Sabbath which is the eve of Passover:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., in both cases the tamid is slaughtered at seven and a half hours.');">¹⁸</span>

מאי קאמר אמר אביי הכי קאמר כסידורו בחול בערב הפסח כך סידורו בשבת בערב הפסח דברי רבי ישמעאל רבי עקיבא אומר כסידורו בערב הפסח שחל להיות בערב שבת כך סידורו בשבת ומתני' דקתני בין בחול בין בשבת רבי ישמעאל היא

these are the words of R'Ishmael. R'Akiba said: Just as its order on the eve of Passover which falls on the eve of the Sabbath, so is its order on the Sabbath;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence in both cases it is slaughtered at six and a half hours. For since no vows are offered on the Sabbath, it is unnecessary to delay the tamid, which is therefore sacrificed as early as possible, to leave ample time for the Passover sacrifice.');">¹⁹</span> and our Mishnah which teaches, WHETHER ON A WEEKDAY OR THE SABBATH, agrees with R'Ishmael.

במאי קא מיפלגי במוספין קודמין לבזיכין קמיפלגי רבי ישמעאל סבר מוספין קודמין לבזיכין עבד להו למוספין בשש ובזיכין בשבע ועביד ליה לתמיד בשבע ומחצה רבי עקיבא סבר בזיכין קודמין למוספין בזיכין בחמש ומוספין בשש ועביד ליה לתמיד בשש ומחצה

Wherein do they differ? - They differ as to whether the additional sacrifices<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Offered on Sabbaths, New Moons, and Festivals; midday (six hours) was the earliest time when they could be offered. - In memory of these additional sacrifices there is now an Additional Service (Musaf) on these days.');">²⁰</span> take precedence over the [burning of the frankincense in the] censers:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Two censers of frankincense stood by the rows of shewbread; this shewbread was set on the Table every Sabbath and removed and replaced by fresh bread the following Sabbath. At the same time the frankincense was burnt, and after that the priests ate the shewbread. The removing, replacing and burning of the incense took an hour.');">²¹</span> R'Ishmael holds, The additional offerings take precedence over the [burning of the frankincense in the] censers: therefore he [the priest] sacrificed the additional sacrifices at six hours, [burn the incense in] the censers at seven, and sacrificed the tamid at seven and a half [hours].

מתקיף לה רבא מידי רבי עקיבא כסידרו בערב הפסח שחל להיות בערב שבת קתני כסידרו בערב הפסח סתמא קתני אלא אמר רבא הכי קאמר כסידרו בחול דעלמא כך סידרו בשבת בערב הפסח דברי רבי ישמעאל רבי עקיבא אומר כסידרו בערב הפסח ומתני' דקתני בין בחול בין בשבת רבי עקיבא היא

R'Akiba holds: [The burning of the frankincense in] the censers takes precedence over the additional sacrifices: [hence] the [burning in the] censers took place at five [hours], the additional offering at six hours, and the tamid was sacrificed at six and a half hours. To this Raba demurred: Does then R'Akiba teach, Just as its order on the eve of Passover which falls on the Sabbath, so is its order on the Sabbath; surely he teaches, 'Just as its order on the eve of Passover,' without qualification? Rather, said Raba, This is what he means: Just as its order on the weekdays in general,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' During the year.');">²²</span>

במאי קא מיפלגי במכמר בשרא קמיפלגי רבי ישמעאל סבר חיישינן למכמר בשרא ורבי עקיבא סבר לא חיישינן למכמר בשרא

so is its order on the Sabbath which is the eve of Passover:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., at eight and a half hours. For the flesh of the Passover sacrifice may not be roasted until evening, therefore it is inadvisable to slaughter it earlier, lest the flesh became overheated and putrid, and consequently the tamid is slaughtered at the usual time.');">²³</span> these are the words of R'Ishmael. R'Akiba said: Just as its order on the eve of Passover;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., at seven and a half hours, so likewise on rnf');">²⁴</span> hence our Mishnah which teaches, WHETHER ON WEEKDAYS OR ON THE SABBATH agrees with R'Akiba. Wherein do they differ? - They differ in the heating of the flesh.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. p. 289. n. 5; also perhaps, the shrinking of the flesh caused by overheating; v. Jast. s.v. and Rashi on Gen. XLIII. 30.');">²⁵</span> R'Ishmael holds, We fear for the heating of the flesh; while R'Akiba holds: We do not fear for the heating of the flesh.