Pesachim 159

(דברים טז, ה) לא תוכל לזבוח את הפסח באחד שעריך

Thou mayest not sacrifice the passover-offering at one of thy gates.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XVI, 5. He translates: you must not sacrifice it on account of one person, i.e., one person has no power to change any of the conditions of the sacrifice.');">¹</span>

רבי שמעון אומר אפילו שבט אחד טמא ושאר כל השבטים טהורים הללו עושין לעצמן והללו עושין לעצמן מאי טעמא דרבי שמעון קסבר שבט אחד איקרי קהל

R'Simeon said: Even if one tribe is unclean and all the other tribes are clean, the former sacrifice by themselves while the latter sacrifice by themselves.

רבי יהודה אומר אפילו שבט אחד טמא ושאר כל השבטים טהורין יעשו בטומאה שאין קרבן ציבור חלוק רבי יהודה סבר שבט אחד איקרי קהל והוו להו פלגא ופלגא ואין קרבן ציבור חלוק ועבדי כולהו בטומאה

.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Hor. 5b. Hence it is not relegated to the second.');">²</span>

איתמר היו ישראל מחצה טהורין ומחצה טמאין אמר רב מטמאין אחד מהן בשרץ

R'Judah said: Even if one tribe is unclean and all the other tribes are clean, let them [all] sacrifice in uncleanness, becaus public sacrifice cannot be divided.

ואמאי ניעבדו הני לחודייהו והני לחודייהו דהא אמר רב הללו עושין לעצמן והללו עושין לעצמן אמרי הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שהיו טמאין עודפין על הטהורין אחד

³ and [since] a public sacrifice is not divided, they all sacrifice in uncleanness."&gt;

אי הכי הוו להו רובא טמאים ניעבדו כולהו בטומאה סבר לה כר"א בן מתיא דאמר אין היחיד מכריע את הציבור לטומאה אי הכי הדר קושיין לדוכתיה ניעבדו הני לחודייהו והני לחודייהו

It was stated: If the Israelites were half [of them] clean and half [of them] unclean, - said Rab: we defile one of them with a reptile.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that there is a majority unclean, and all can now sacrifice in uncleanness.');">⁴</span>

אלא ה"ק אי איכא תנא דסבר לה כתנא קמא דאמר פלגא ופלגא לא עבדי כולהו בטומאה וסבר לה כרבי יהודה דאמר אין קרבן ציבור חלוק מטמאין אחד מהן בשרץ

But why so: let the former sacrifice by themselves and the latter by themselves, for surely Rab said: These sacrifice by themselves and those sacrifice by themselves? - I will tell you: what do we discuss here? E.g. , where the unclean exceeded the clean by one.

ועולא אמר משלחין אחד מהן לדרך רחוקה ויטמאנו בשרץ

If so, the majority are unclean, [then] let them all sacrifice in uncleanness? - He holds as R'Eleazar B'Mathia, who maintained: A single individual cannot overbalance the community to uncleanness.

קסבר שוחטין וזורקין על טמא שרץ

If so, our difficulty returns in full force:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'to its place.'');">⁵</span>

ויטמאנו במת מדחהו אתה מחגיגתו

let the former sacrifice by themselves and the latter by themselves?

השתא נמי מדחהו אתה מפסחו אפשר דעביד בשני

Rather this is what he means:If there is a Tanna who agrees with the first Tanna<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' in the previously cited Baraitha.');">⁶</span>

במת נמי אפשר דעביד בשביעי דהוה ליה שמיני שלו

who rules: [When there is] half against half they must not all sacrific in uncleanness, and [also] he agrees with R'Judah who said: A public sacrifice cannot be divided, then we defile one of them with a reptile.

קסבר עולא כולהו תשלומין דראשון נינהו דחזי בראשון חזי בכולהו וכל היכא דלא חזי בראשון לא חזי בכולהו

But 'Ulla maintained: We send away one of them on a journey afar off.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is tantamount to being unclean (v. Num. IX, 10) and effects the same result. For the definition of a journey afar off', v. infra 93b.');">⁷</span>

אמר להו רב נחמן זילו ואמרו ליה לעולא מאן ציית דעקר סיכיה ומשכניה ורהיט

But let us defile him with a reptile? - He holds: We slaughter [the Passover-offering] and sprinkle [its blood] for a man who is unclean through a reptile.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he can have a ritual bath (tebillah) and be fit to eat in the evening.');">⁸</span>

איתמר היו רובן זבין ומיעוטן טמאי מתים אמר רב אותן טמאי מתים אינן עושין לא בראשון ולא בשני

Then let us defile him through a dead body? - Then you debar him from his hagigah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. The reference is to the hagigah brought on the fifteenth, and he would be debarred from it, since a man defiled by the dead is unclean for seven days. [But when he is sent away on a 'journey afar off', he might manage to be back in Jerusalem on the following day to offer the hagigah, v. Tosaf.]');">⁹</span>

ראשון לא עבדי דהוו מיעוטא ומיעוטא לא עבדי בראשון בשני נמי לא עבדי כל היכא דעבדי ציבור בראשון עביד יחיד בשני כל היכא דלא עבדי ציבור בראשון לא עביד יחיד בשני

But now too you debar him from his Passover-offering? - It is possible to sacrifice at the second [Passover].

אמר להו שמואל זילו אמרו ליה לאבא (במדבר ט, ב) ויעשו בני ישראל את הפסח במועדו מאי עבדת ליה אמר להו זילו אמרו ליה כי הוו כולהו זבין מאי עבדת ליה אלא כיון דלא אפשר לא אפשר הכא נמי לא אפשר

Then in the case of [defilement by] a dead body too it is possible to sacrifice [the hagigah] on the seventh [day of Passover] which would be his eighth [day after defilement]? - 'Ulla holds: They are all a compensation for the first [day]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All the days of the Festival, though fit for the sacrificing of the hagigah, are only regarded as a compensation for the first day, this being the day when it should really be brought. This question is disputed in Hag. 9b.');">¹⁰</span>

איתמר היו רובן טמאי מתים ומיעוטן זבין

[hence] he who is eligible on the first is eligible [to sacrifice] on all o them, but wherever one is not eligible on the first, he is not eligible on any of them.

רב הונא אמר אין תשלומין לפסח הבא בטומאה ורב אדא בר אהבה אמר יש תשלומין לפסח הבא בטומאה

R'Nahman said to them [his disciples], Go and tell 'Ulla: Who will obey you to pull up his tent-pegs and tent and speed away!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' None will consent to depart on a distant journey! Hence Rab's expedient is preferable. [R. Nahman must have accepted R. Akiba's definition');">¹¹</span>

נימא בהא קמיפלגי דמאן דאמר אין תשלומין לפסח הבא בטומאה קסבר טומאה דחויה היא בציבור

It was stated: If the majority were zabin<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pl. of zab, q.v. Glos. They are unclean, but the law that an unclean majority sacrifice in uncleanness applies only to those who are unclean through the dead.');">¹²</span>

ומ"ד יש תשלומין לפסח הבא בטומאה קסבר טומאה הותרה בציבור

and the minority unclean though the dead, - Rab said: Those unclean through the dead cannot sacrifice either on the first or on the second.

אמרי לא דכולי עלמא טומאה דחויה בציבור ובהא פליגי מר סבר

They do not observe the first [Passover], because they are a minority, and a minority do not observe [it] on the first. They cannot observe it on the second either: whenever the community observes [it] on the first, individual[s] observe [it] on the second; [but] whenever the community does not observe it on the first, individual[s] do not observe [it] on the second. Said Samuel to them [his disciples], Go out and say to Abba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab. His name was Abba Arika, but he was called Rab (the Master) in the same way that R. Judah ha-Nasi was called Rabbi.');">¹³</span> How do you dispose of, Let the children of Israel keep the Passover in its appointed season!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. IX, 2.');">¹⁴</span> - He [Rab] answered them: Go and say to him: [yet] how do you dispose of it [the verse] when they are all zabin?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When obviously the precept cannot be fulfilled.');">¹⁵</span> But [you must say] since it is impossible [to carry it out], it is impossible; so here too it is impossible. It was stated: If the majority were unclean through the dead and a minority were zabin, - R'Huna said: There is no compensation for a Passover-offering which comes in uncleanness;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence the zabin cannot observe the second Passover.');">¹⁶</span> while R'Adda B'Ahabah said: There is compensation for a Passover-offering which comes In uncleanness. Shall we say that they differ in this, viz. , he who maintains [that] there is no compensation for a Passover-offering which comes in uncleanness holds: Uncleanness is overridden in the case of the community; while he who maintains [that] there is compensation for a Passover-offering which comes in uncleanness holds: Uncleanness is permitted in the case of a community!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 77a; hence it is really the same as any other Passover-offering, and therefore permits of compensation.');">¹⁷</span> - I will tell you. It is not so, for all hold [that] uncleanness is overridden in case of a community, and they differ in this: one Master holds: