Pesachim 183

והמלקט לו עצמות טובל ואוכל בקדשים

AND ONE WHO COLLECTS THE BONES [OF HIS PARENTS],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He too is a mourner on that day by Rabbinical law.');">¹</span> PERFORM TEBILLAH AND EAT SACRED FLESH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the evening. This applies to all sacrifices, for since even during the day he is an onen by Rabbinical law only, the Rabbis did not extend his aninuth (v. Glos.) to the evening.');">²</span>

גר שנתגייר בע"פ ב"ש אומרים טובל ואוכל את פסחו לערב וב"ה אומרים הפורש מן הערלה כפורש מן הקבר:

IF A PROSELYTE WAS CONVERTED ON THE EVE OF PASSOVER, - BETH SHAMMAI MAINTAIN: HE PERFORMS TEBILLAH AND EATS HIS PASSOVER-OFFERING IN THE EVENING; WHILE BETH HILLEL RULE: ONE WHO SEPARATES HIMSELF FROM [THE STATE OF] UNCIRCUMCISION IS LIKE ONE WHO SEPARATED HIMSELF FROM A GRAVE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He must be besprinkled with the water of purification on the third and seventh days after the circumcision; hence he is not yet fit in the evening.');">³</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>What is the reason? - He holds: [The law of] aninuth at night is Rabbinical [only], and where the Passover offering is concerned they did not insist on their law, since it involves<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in the place of'.');">⁴</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מ"ט קא סבר אנינות דלילה דרבנן וגבי פסח לא העמידו דבריהם במקום כרת גבי קדשים העמידו דבריהם במקום עשה:

kareth;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the neglect of the Passover offering involves kareth, they waived their law.');">⁵</span> but in respect to sacrifices [in general] they insisted on their law, Seeing that [only] an affirmative precept is involved.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is an affirmative precept to eat of one's own sacrifice (Ex. XXIX, 33) , but the violation of this law does not involve kareth.');">⁶</span>

השומע על מתו וכו': מלקט עצמות הא בעי הזאת שלישי ושביעי אימא שליקטו לו עצמות:

ONE WHO HEARS ABOUT HIS DEAD etc. ONE WHO COLLECTS BONES? - But he requires sprinkling on the third and the seventh [days]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Mishnah was understood literally as meaning that he himself gathered them; but these defile just like a corpse, and he is unclean for seven days, and must be besprinkled on the third and the seventh days (Num. XIX, 19) .');">⁷</span> - Say: One for whom [his parent's] bones were collected.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By others: he himself is nevertheless regarded as an onen on that day.');">⁸</span>

גר שנתגייר וכו': אמר רבה בר בר חנה א"ר יוחנן מחלוקת בערל נכרי

A PROSELYTE WHO WAS CONVERTED etc. Rabbah B'Bar Hanah said in R'Johanan's name: The controversy is in respect of an uncircumcised heathen, where Beth Hillel hold: [He is forbidden to eat in the evening] as a preventive measure lest he become defiled the following year [by the dead] and he argues, 'Did I not perform tebillah last year and eat [of the Passover offering]?

דב"ה סברי גזירה שמא יטמא לשנה הבאה ויאמר אישתקד מי לא טבלתי ואכלתי עכשיו נמי אטבול ואוכל ולא ידע דאשתקד נכרי הוה ולא מקבל טומאה עכשיו ישראל ומקבל טומאה

So now too I will perform tebillah and eat.' But he will not understand that the previous year he was a heathen and not susceptible to uncleanness, whereas now he is an Israelite and susceptible to uncleanness.

וב"ש סברי לא גזרינן אבל ערל ישראל דברי הכל טובל ואוכל את פסחו לערב ולא גזרינן ערל ישראל משום ערל נכרי

While Beth Shammai hold: We do not enact a preventive measure. But with regard to an uncircumcised Israelite<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who was circumcised on the eve of Passover.');">⁹</span>

תניא נמי הכי אמר ר"ש בן אלעזר לא נחלקו ב"ש וב"ה על ערל ישראל שטובל ואוכל את פסחו לערב על מה נחלקו על ערל נכרי שב"ש אומרים טובל ואוכל את פסחו לערב וב"ה אומרים הפורש מן הערלה כפורש מן הקבר:

all agree that he performs tebillah and eats his Passover-offering in the evening, and we do not preventively forbid an uncircumcised Israelite on account of an uncircumcised heathen<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. , through fear that if the former is permitted it may be thought that the latter is permitted too.');">¹⁰</span> it was taught likewise, R'Simeon B'Eleazar said: Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel did not differ about an uncircumcised Israelite, [both agreeing] that he performs tebillah and eats his Passover-offering in the evening.

אמר רבא ערל הזאה ואיזמל העמידו דבריהן במקום כרת אונן ומצורע ובית הפרס לא העמידו דבריהן במקום כרת

About what do they differ? About an uncircumcised heathen, where Beth Shammai rule: He performs tebillah and eats his Passover-offering in the evening; while Beth Hillel maintain: He who separates himself from uncircumcision is as though he separated from a grave.

ערל הא דאמרן

Raba said: [In the case of] an uncircumcised person, sprinkling, and a knife, they [the Sages] insisted on their enactments [even] where kareth is involved;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., though thereby a Scriptural command, failure to observe which involves kareth, is disregarded.');">¹¹</span> [in the case of] an onen, a leper and beth ha-peras,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Peras is half the length of a hundred-cubit furrow, hence fifty cubits; beth ha-peras is the technical designation for a field a square peras in area, declared unclean on account of crushed bones carried over it from a ploughed grave (Jast.) . Its uncleanness is Rabbinical only.');">¹²</span>

הזאה דאמר מר הזאה שבות ואינו דוחה את השבת

they did not insist on their enactments where kareth is involved.' An uncircumcised person,' as stated.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra: Beth Hillel forbid him to eat of the Passover-offering as a preventive measure, which is only a Rabbinical enactment.');">¹³</span>

איזמל דתניא כשם שאין מביאין אותו דרך רשות הרבים כך אין מביאין אותו דרך גגות ודרך חצרות ודרך קרפיפות

'Sprinkling,' for a Master said: Sprinkling is [forbidden as] a shebuth, yet it does not override the Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Supra 65b. Thus on account of a Shebuth, which is a Rabbinical prohibition, the unclean person may not participate in the Passover-offering.');">¹⁴</span> 'A knife,' as it was taught: Just as one may not bring it [sc. a knife for circumcision] through the street, so may one not bring it by the way of roofs, court-yards.

אונן הא דאמרן

or enclosures.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Karpf, pl. karpifoth, is an enclosure not more than two se'ahs in area (this is slightly over seventy cubits square) . If the eighth day of birth, when a child must be circumcised (v. Lev. XII, 3) , falls on the Sabbath, the knife must be brought the previous day. If it was forgotten, however, it must not be brought on the Sabbath, even by way of roofs, etc., carrying on which is forbidden by Rabbinical law only, and circumcision must be postponed, notwithstanding that failure to circumcise involves kareth (Gen. XVII, 14) . - Actually no kareth would be incurred in the present case, since it would be done another day, but Raba means that to the precept of circumcision there is attached the penalty of kareth.');">¹⁵</span> 'An onen,' as we have stated.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Mishnah and p. 490. n. 4.');">¹⁶</span>

מצורע מאי היא דתניא מצורע שחל שמיני שלו בערב הפסח וראה קרי בו ביום טובל ואוכל

What is this [law of] 'a leper'? For it was taught: A leper whose eighth day fell on the eve of Passover<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When a leper was healed from his leprosy he waited seven days, performing tebillah on the seventh, and brought his sacrifices on the eighth');">¹⁷</span>

אמרו חכמים אע"פ שטבול יום אינו נכנס זה נכנס מוטב יבא עשה שיש בו כרת וידחה עשה שאין בו כרת

and who had a nocturnal discharge [keri] on that day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before he had offered his sacrifices. A ba'al keri (v. Glos.) might not enter even the Levitical Camp (v. supra 67b) .');">¹⁸</span> performs tebillah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Again. Though he had performed tebillah the previous day, that was on his leprosy, whereas now he performs it on account of his discharge.');">¹⁹</span>

וא"ר יוחנן דבר תורה אפילו עשה אין בו שנאמר (דברי הימים ב כ, ה) ויעמד יהושפט בקהל יהודה וירושלים בבית ה' לפני החצר החדשה מאי חצר החדשה שחדשו בו דבר ואמרו טבול יום לא יכנס במחנה לויה

and eats [the Passover-offering in the evening].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus after the tebillah he would bring his sacrifices for leprosy.');">²⁰</span> [For] the Sages said: Though a tebul yom<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">²¹</span>

בית הפרס דתנן ושוין ב"ש וב"ה

may not enter [the Levitical Camp], this one does enter:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For his purification rites; v. n. 3.');">²²</span> it is preferable that an affirmative precept which involves kareth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the Passover-offering.');">²³</span> should come and override an affirmative precept which does not involve kareth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. that a tebul yom must not enter the Levitical Camp. That is derived in Naz. ');">²⁴</span> Now R'Johanan said: By the law of Torah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Pentateuch.');">²⁵</span> there is not even an affirmative precept in connection therewith, for it is said, And Jehoshaphat stood in the congregation of Judah and Jerusalem, in the house of the Lord, before the new court.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Chron. XX, 5.');">²⁶</span> What does 'the new court' mean? That they innovated a law there and ruled: A tebul yom must not enter the Levitical Camp.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since this was all innovation, it is only Rabbinical, and as seen supra it was waived for the sake of the Passover-offering. V. Yeb., Sonc. ed. pp. 31ff notes.');">²⁷</span> 'Beth ha-peras': for we learned: Now Beth Shammai and Beth Hillel both agree