Pesachim 21

Chapter 21

א שלא ברצון חכמים (הן עושין) דברי ר"מ רבי יהודה אומר ברצון חכמים היו עושין ולא קא גזר ר' יהודה דילמא אתי למיכל מיניה אמר רבא שאני חדש מתוך שלא התרת לו אלא על ידי קטוף הוא זכור
1 [but] not with the consent of the Sages:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lest they eat of it while preparing it.');"><sup>1</sup></span> this is R'Meir's opinion.
ב א"ל אביי תינח בשעת קטיפה טחינה והרקדה מאי איכא למימר הא לא קשיא טחינה ברחיא דיד הרקדה ע"ג נפה
2 R'Judah said: They acted with the consent of the Sages.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Men. 67b.');"><sup>2</sup></span> Thus R'Judah did not preventively forbid lest one come to eat thereof? - Said Raba:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Bah emends to Rabbah, which is the reading in Men. 67b.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג אלא הא דתנן קוצרין בית השלחים ושבעמקים אבל לא גודשין ואוקימנא כרבי יהודה מאי איכא למימר
3 Hadash is different: since you permit it to him only by means of plucking.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The new corn may not be reaped at all before the bringing of the 'omer', but must be plucked by hand.');"><sup>4</sup></span> he remembers.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That it may not be eaten.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ד אלא אמר אביי חדש בדיל מיניה חמץ לא בדיל מיניה
4 Said Abaye to him: That is well at the time of plucking, [but] what can be said of the grinding and sifting?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There is nothing to remind him then of the interdict.');"><sup>6</sup></span> - That is no difficulty: grinding [is done] with a handmill; sifting [is done] on top of the sieve.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The sieve is reversed. The unusual ways in which these are done serve as reminders.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ה אמר רבא דרבי יהודה אדרבי יהודה קשיא דרבנן אדרבנן לא קשיא
5 But as to what we learned: 'one may reap an artificially irrigated field and [the corn] in the valleys,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the usual way, before the 'omer.');"><sup>8</sup></span> but one may not stack [the corn]',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Men. 71a.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ו דר' יהודה אדר' יהודה לא קשיא כדשנינן דרבנן אדרבנן נמי לא קשיא הוא עצמו מחזר עליו לשורפו מיכל קאכיל מיניה
6 and we established this as [agreeing with] R'Judah, what can be said?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There is nothing there to remind one of the prohibition.');"><sup>10</sup></span> - Rather, said Abaye: From hadash one holds aloof;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As it is forbidden at all times until the 'omer, when it ceases to be hadash. Thus he is accustomed to abstain from it and is not likely to forget himself.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ז רב אשי אמר דר' יהודה אדר' יהודה לא קשיא קמח וקלי תנן
7 but one does not hold aloof front leaven.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' During the year, and thus may possibly eat of it when the prohibition is already in force.');"><sup>12</sup></span> Raba demurred: R'Judah is self-contradictory.
ח הא דרב אשי בדותא היא התינח מקלי ואילך מעיקרא עד קלי מאי איכא למימר
8 while the Rabbis are not self-contradictory?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That you seek to reconcile R. Judah's views only. Yet surely the Rabbis too need harmonizing, for whereas the Rabbis do not preventively forbid in the case of leaven, they do so here, as R. Meir states, 'They did not act with the consent of the Sages'.');"><sup>13</sup></span> - Rather, said Raba: R'Judah is not self-contradictory, as we have answered.
ט וכ"ת על ידי קיטוף כדרבא אלא קוצרין בית השלחין ושבעמקים ואוקימנא כרבי יהודה מא"ל אלא דרב אשי בדותא היא
9 The Rabbis too are not self-contradictory: he himself is seeking it in order to burn it, shall he then eat thereof!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely we need not entertain that fear.');"><sup>14</sup></span> R'Ashi said: R'Judah is not self-contradictory, [for] we learned,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the above cited MISHNAH:');"><sup>15</sup></span>
י וכל היכא דלא בדיל מיניה מי גזר רבי יהודה
10 'flour and parched corn',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which are not fit for eating. t,usc');"><sup>16</sup></span> But this [answer] of R'Ashi is a fiction:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , V. B.M., Sonc. ed. p 47. n. 1.');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יא והתנן לא יקוב אדם שפופרת של ביצה וימלאנה שמן ויתננה בצד הנר בשביל שתהא מנטפת ואפי' היא של חרס
11 this is well from [the time when it is] parched ears and onwards; 'but from the beginning until it is parched corn, what can be said?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the intermediate stages it is fit for eating! How could it then be handled.');"><sup>18</sup></span> And should you answer, [It is gathered] by plucking,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which serves as a reminder.');"><sup>19</sup></span>
יב ור' יהודה מתיר התם משום חומרא דשבת מבדל בדילי
12 as Raba [answered], then what can be said of [what we learnt that] 'one may reap an artificially irrigated field and [the corn in] the valleys', which we established as [agreeing with] R'Judah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though there is nothing there to serve as a reminder, v. infra.');"><sup>20</sup></span> Hence R'Ashi's [answer] is a fiction.
יג ורמי דשבת אשבת דתניא חבל דלי שנפסק לא יהא קושרו אלא עונבו רבי יהודה אומר כורך עליו פונדא או פסקיא ובלבד שלא יענבנו
13 But, wherever one does not [normally] hold aloof, did R'Judah preventively forbid? Surely we learned: A man may not pierce an eggshell, fill it with oil, and place it over the mouth of a [burning] lamp in order that it should drip,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And replenish the contents of the lamp during Sabbath.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יד קשיא דרבי יהודה אדרבי יהודה קשיא דרבנן אדרבנן
14 and even if it is of earthenware; but R'Judah permits it!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reason of the Rabbis is lest he take the oil for eating, which, constitutes extinguishing. R. Judah permits it, though one does not normally abstain from oil, v. Shab. 29a.');"><sup>22</sup></span> - There, on account of the strictness of the Sabbath he will indeed keep aloof.
טו דרבנן אדרבנן לא קשיא שמן בשמן מיחלף עניבה בקשירה לא מיחלף
15 Then [one ruling] of the Sabbath can be opposed to [another ruling] of the Sabbath. For it was taught: If the cord of a bucket is broken, one must not tie<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The tying of a permanent knot constitutes one of the thirty-nine principal classes of forbidden work on Sabbath.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
טז דרבי יהודה אדר' יהודה לא קשיא טעמא דרבי יהודה לאו משום דגזר עניבה אטו קשירה אלא משום דקסבר עניבה גופה קשירה היא
16 it [together] but merely make a loop [slip-knot]; whereas R'Judah maintains: He may wind a hollow belt or a fascia<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A band or fillet.');"><sup>24</sup></span> around it, providing that he does not tie it with a slip-knot.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Shab. 113a.');"><sup>25</sup></span>
יז ורמי רבנן אדרבנן דתנן קושרין דלי בפסקיא אבל לא בחבל ורבי יהודה מתיר חבל דמאי אילימא חבל דעלמא ורבי יהודה מתיר קשר של קיימא הוא דודאי אתי לבטולי
17 [Thus] R'Judah's [views] are self-contradictory. and similarly the Rabbis'? - The Rabbis' [views] are not self-contradictory: oil [from one source] can be interchanged with oil [from another];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Just as he consumes oil from elsewhere, so may he come to draw supplies from this eggshell, seeing no difference.');"><sup>26</sup></span>
יח אלא פשיטא דגרדי
18 whereas looping cannot be mistaken for<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'interchanged with'.');"><sup>27</sup></span> knotting.
יט וגזרו רבנן חבל דגרדי אטו חבל דעלמא אין חבל בחבל מיחלף עניבה בקשירה לא מיחלפא
19 R'Judah's [views] are not self-contradictory; R'Judah's reason is not that he forbids looping on account of knotting, but because looping itself is [a form of] knotting. Now, the Rabbis may be opposed to the Rabbis.
כ וכל היכא דבדיל מיניה לא גזר רבי יהוד' והתניא בכור שאחזו דם אפי' הוא מת אין מקיזין לו דם דברי ר' יהודה
20 For we learned: A bucket [over a well] may be tied with a fascia but not with a cord;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath. The first is certainly only temporary, but the second may be left there, and thus a permanent knot will have been tied on the Sabbath.');"><sup>28</sup></span> but R'Judah permits it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Shab. 113b.');"><sup>29</sup></span>
כא וחכ"א יקיז ובלבד שלא יטיל בו מום התם מתוך שאדם בהול
21 Now what cord is meant: Shall we say an ordinary [bucket] cord: [how does it state] R'Judah permits it', - surely it is a permanent knot, for he will certainly come to abandon it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., leave it there as a thing having no other purpose than this.');"><sup>30</sup></span> Hence it is obvious that a weaver's [rope<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is not usually used for drawing water, and will not consequently be left there.');"><sup>31</sup></span> is meant]. and [yet] the Rabbis preventively forbid a weaver's cord on account of an ordinary cord? - Even so: one rope may be mistaken for another, [whereas] looping cannot be mistaken for knotting. But, wherever one [normally] holds aloof from it, does not R'Judah preventively forbid? Surely we learned: If a firstling is attacked with congestion, even if it should die [otherwise]. we must not bleed it: th is R'Judah's view;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One must not inflict a permanent blemish on a firstling. R. Judah rules that the animal must not be bled even without inflicting a permanent blemish upon it, lest one come to do so even by making a permanent blemish. Thus R. Judah forbids preventively, though people do hold aloof from sacred animals, to which category a firstling belongs.');"><sup>32</sup></span> but the Sages rule: He may bleed [it], providing that he does not inflict a [permanent] blemish upon it? - There, because one is excited