Pesachim 211:1

ושמע מינה אומר ב' קדושות על כוס אחד וש"מ ב"ש היא ואליבא דרבי יהודה

[vii] you may recite two sanctities over the same cup;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' habdalah and Grace are two separate sanctities. i.e., religious duties.');">¹</span> and [viii] this is [the ruling of] Beth Shammai as interpreted by R'Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the blessing for light precedes that of spices, for Beth Hillel reverse it (supra 103a) . It cannot be the ruling of Beth Hillel as interpreted by R.Meir, for on that view the blessing for light precedes Grace, whereas this Baraitha states that the blessings are recited after Grace.');">²</span>

רב אשי אמר טעמו פגמו וכוס של ברכה צריך שיעור חדא מילתא היא

R'Ashi said: [The deductions that] if he tastes it he renders it defective, and that the cup of Grace requires a [minimum] standard, are the same thing,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., tasting it renders it unfit only when less than the minimum quantity is thereby left; otherwise it would remain fit.');">³</span> and this is what he Says: What is the reason that once he tastes of it he renders it defective?

וה"ק מ"ט טעמו פגמו משום דכוס של ברכה צריך שיעור

Because the cup of Grace requires a [minimum] standard. R'Jacob B'Idi objected to a defective pitcher.

רבי יעקב בר אידי קפיד אחצבא פגימא רב אידי בר שישא קפיד אכסא פגימא מר בר רב אשי קפיד אפילו אחביתא פגימתא

R'Idi B'Shisha objected to a defective cup. Mar B'Ashi objected even to a defective barrel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A small barrel is meant. If kiddush or habdalah was recited over wine contained in one of these, they insisted that it should be full.');">⁴</span>

ת"ר (שמות כ, ז) זכור את יום השבת לקדשו זוכרהו על היין אין לי אלא ביום בלילה מנין ת"ל זכור את יום השבת לקדשו

Our Rabbis taught: Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XX, 8.');">⁵</span> remember it over wine.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kiddush, whereby the Sabbath is remembered,' must be recited over wine.');">⁶</span>

בלילה מנין אדרבה עיקר קדושא בלילה הוא קדיש דכי קדיש תחלת יומא בעי לקידושי ותו בלילה מנין ת"ל זכור את יום תנא מיהדר אלילה וקא נסיב ליה קרא דיממא

I know it only of the day; whence do we know it of the night?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That kiddush must be recited Friday evening over wine.');">⁷</span> Because it is stated, 'remember the Sabbath day, to keep; it holy.'

ה"ק זכור את יום השבת לקדשו זוכרהו על היין בכניסתו אין לי אלא בלילה ביום מנין ת"ל זכור את יום השבת

[You ask], 'Whence do we know it of the night? ' - on the contrary, the principal kiddush is recited at night, for when he sanctifies, he must sanctify [from] the beginning of the day. Moreover, [you say,] 'whence do we know it of the night?

ביום מאי מברך אמר רב יהודה בפה"ג רב אשי איקלע למחוזא אמרו ליה ליקדיש לן מר קידושא רבה הבו ליה

Because it is stated, "remember the sabbath day to keep it holy"- the Tanna seeks [proof] for the night, while he adduces a verse relating to the day[time]? - This is what he means: 'Remember the Sabbath, day, to keep it holy': remember it over the wine at its commencement.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'To keep it holy' implies that it is to be 'remembered,' i.e,, sanctified, by kiddush, when the holiness of the day commences, which is in the evening.');">⁸</span> I know it only of the night: whence do we know it of the day?

סבר מאי ניהו קידושא רבה אמר מכדי כל הברכות כולן בפה"ג אמרי ברישא אמר בפה"ג ואגיד ביה חזייה לההוא סבא דגחין ושתי קרי אנפשיה (קהלת ב, יד) החכם עיניו בראשו

Because it is said, 'Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. What blessing does he recite by day?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is stated Supra ');">⁹</span>

אמרי בני רבי חייא מי שלא הבדיל במוצ"ש מבדיל והולך בכל השבת כולו ועד כמה א"ר זירא עד רביעי בשבת

-Said Rab Judah:. who createst the fruit of the vine.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., no special benediction apart from the usual one recited over wine.');">¹⁰</span>

כי הא דיתיב רבי זירא קמיה דרב אסי ואמרי לה רב אסי קמיה דרבי יוחנן ויתיב וקאמר לענין גיטין חדא בשבתא תרי ותלתא בתר שבתא ארבע וחמשא ומעלי יומא קמי שבתא

R'Ashi visited Mahuza.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 20 ,n. 5.');">¹¹</span> Said they [the Mahuzaeans] to him, let the master recite the Great kiddush for us.'

א"ר יעקב בר אידי אבל לא על האור

They gave him [the cup of wine]. Now he pondered, What is the Great kiddush?

אמר רב ברונא אמר רב

Let us see, he reasoned, for all blessings [of kiddush] we first say '. who createst the fruit of the vine'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence it would be fitting for that to be called the Great kiddush, since it is recited on every occasion.');">¹²</span> [So] he recited'. who createst t fruit of the vine,' and tarried over it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He paused before drinking it in order to see whether this was deemed sufficient for the kiddush by day.');">¹³</span> [and then] he saw an old man bend [his head] and drink. Thereupon he applied to himself [the verse], The wise man, his eyes are in his head.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Eccl. II, 14.');">¹⁴</span> The sons of R'Hiyya Said: He who did not recite habdalah at the termination of the Sabbath proceeds to recite habdalah anytime during the week. And, until when? -Said R'Zera: Until the fourth day of the week.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Exclusive. From the fourth day onward the days are counted with the following Sabbath, and it would be inappropriate to recite habdalah then for the preceding Sabbath.');">¹⁵</span> Even as R'Zera sat before R'Assi - others state, R'Assi sat before R'Johanan - and he sat and stated: In respect to divorces the first day of the week, the second, and the third [are defined as] after the Sabbath; the fourth, the fifth, and the eve of the [Sabbath] day [rank as] before the Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., if a man divorces his wife on condition that she performs a certain acton after a particular Sabbath, it must be done not later than the third day following; if he stipulates, before the Sabbath, Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday are meant.');">¹⁶</span> R'Jacob B'Idi said: But [he does] not [recite a blessing] over the light.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When he recites habdalah later in the week. Rashbam: the reason is presumably because the blessing for light can be recited only at the termination of the Sabbath (v. supra 54a) , since it was then created for the first time.');">¹⁷</span> R'Beruna said in Rab's name: