Pesachim 213:1

אמר רבא הילכתא טעם מקדש וטעם מבדיל ומי שלא קידש בערב שבת מקדש והולך כל היום כולו עד מוצאי שבת מי שלא הבדיל במוצאי שבת מבדיל והולך כל השבת כולו

Raba said: The law is: He who has tasted [food] recites kiddush, and he who has tasted [food] recites habdalah Again, he who does not recite kiddush on the eve of the Sabbath proceeds to recite kiddush any time during the Sabbath, until the termination of the Sabbath. He who did not recite habdalah at the termination of the Sabbath proceeds to recite habdalah and time during the week.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 106a.');">¹</span> Amemar commenced this ruling of a Raba in the following version: The law is: He who has tasted [food] recites kiddush, he who has tasted [food] recites habdalah; he who did not recite kiddush on the eve of the Sabbath proceeds to recite kiddush at any time of the day.

אמימר פתח לה להא שמעתא דרבא בהאי לישנא אמר רבא הילכתא טעם מקדש טעם מבדיל מי שלא קידש בע"ש מקדש והולך כל היום כולו מי שלא הבדיל במוצ"ש מבדיל והולך כל היום כולו

He who did not recite habdalah proceeds to recite habdalah the whole day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., Sunday, but not the whole week.');">²</span> Mar Yanuka and Mar Kashisha the sons of R'Hisda<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Yanuka means youth; Kashisha, old age. Some accordingly translate: the younger add the elder sons of R. Hisda respectively. Others however translate: The son born to R. Hisda in his youth and the son born in his old age, i.e., the elder and the younger sons of R. Hisda rn rn respectively. Rashi and Keth. ');">³</span> said to R'Ashi: Amemar once visited our town: lacking wine, we brought him beer [for habdalah], but he would not recite habdalah [over it], 'and passed the night fasting.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dan. VI, 19. He would not eat without reciting (habdalah.');">⁴</span>

אמרי ליה מר ינוקא ומר קשישא בריה דרב חסדא לרב אשי זימנא חדא איקלע אמימר לאתרין ולא הוה לן חמרא אייתינא ליה שיכרא ולא אבדיל ובת טוות למחר טרחנא ואייתינא ליה חמרא ואבדיל וטעים מידי לשנה תו איקלע לאתרין לא הוה לן חמרא אייתינא שיכרא אמר אי הכי חמר מדינה הוא אבדיל וטעים מידי

The next day we took trouble to procure wine for him, whereupon he recited habdalah and ate something. The following year he again visited our town, [and] we offered him beer. Said he, 'If so, it is the wine of the country';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beer is evidently a popular drink and occupies the same place here that wine generally occupies elsewhere.');">⁵</span>

שמע מינה תלת ש"מ המבדיל בתפלה צריך שיבדיל על הכוס ושמע מינה אסור לו לאדם שיאכל קודם שיבדיל ושמע מינה מי שלא הבדיל במוצ"ש מבדיל והולך כל השבת כולו

[so] he recited habdalah and ate a little. This proves three things; [i] [Even] he who recites habdalah in the Prayer must recite habdalah over a cup [of wine];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Supra p. 552, n. 4.');">⁶</span> [ii] a man must not eat until he has recited habdalah; and [iii] he who did not recite habdalah at the termination of the Sabbath proceeds to recite habdalah any time during the week.

בעא מיניה רב הונא מרב חסדא מהו לקדושי אשיכרא אמר השתא ומה פירזומא ותאיני ואסני דבעאי מיניה מרב ורב מר' חייא ורבי חייא מרבי ולא פשט ליה שיכרא מיבעיא

R'Hisda asked R'Huna:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Text as emended (Bah) . hbht,');">⁷</span> Is it permitted to recite kiddush over beer? Said he to him, Seeing that I asked Rab, and Rab asked R'Hiyya, and R'Hiyya asked Rabbi about pirzuma,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast. A beer brewed from figs,in that case it must differ from which is also a beverage made from figs, while ordinary beer is from barley. Rashi however regards pirzuma as barley beer, while ordinary beer is made from dates.');">⁸</span>

סבור מינה קדושי הוא דלא מקדשינן עילויה אבל אבדולי מבדלינן אמר להו רב חסדא הכי אמר רב כשם שאין מקדשין עליו כך אין מבדילין עליו איתמר נמי אמר רב תחליפא בר אבימי אמר שמואל כשם שאין מקדשין עליו כך אין מבדילין עליו

fig [-beverage], and asne,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast.: a drink made of shrubbery fruit (.?) - All these are superior to the ordinary barley beer about which R. Hisda asked.');">⁹</span> and he could not resolve it for him, can there be a question about [barley] beer! Now it was understood from him: kiddush indeed may not be recited over it, yet we can recite habdalah over it. Said R'Hisda to them, Thus did Rab say: Just as you may not recite kiddush over it, so may you not recite habdalah over it.

לוי שדר ליה לר' שיכרא בר תליסר מגני טעמיה הוה בסים טובא אמר כגון זה ראוי לקדש עליו ולומר עליו כל שירות ותושבחות שבעולם בליליא צעריה אמר מיסרן ומפייס

It was stated too' R'Tahlifa B'Abdimi said in Samuel's name: Just as you may not recite kiddush over it, so may you not recite habdalah over it. Levi sent to Rabbi beer strained thirteenfold.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Han.: repeatedly strained for clarity - thirteen merely indicates many. Rashbam: beer made by pouring water on dates, then pouring the same water with its date infusion over other dates, this operation being repeated many times.');">¹⁰</span> On tasting it he found it well-flavoured.

אמר רב יוסף אדור ברבים דלא אישתי שיכרא אמר רבא אישתי מי זוריון ולא אישתי שיכרא

Said he: 'Over such as this it is fitting to recite kiddush and to utter all the psalms and praises in the world.' At night it caused him pains. Said he: 'Seeing that it chastises us, shall it propitiate!'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashbam: i.e., it causes pain - is it fit to propitiate God therewith, i.e., to recite kiddush over it - surely not! Others: first it entices (by its pleasant flavour) and then it causes pain.');">¹¹</span>

ואמר רבא תיהוי שקיותיה שיכרא מאן דמקדש אשיכרא רב אשכחיה רב הונא דקדיש אשיכרא אמר ליה שרי אבא למיקני איסתירי משיכרא

R'Joseph said: I will vow in the presence of a multitude<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A vow made in the presence of a multitude cannot be annulled, v. Git. 36a.');">¹²</span> not to drink beer. Raba said: I would drink flaxwater,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., water in which flax is steeped.');">¹³</span>

ת"ר אין מקדשין אלא על היין ואין מברכין אלא על היין אטו אשיכרא ואמיא מי לא מברכין עליהו שהכל נהיה בדברו אמר אביי הכי קאמר אין אומרים הבא כוס של ברכה לברך אלא על היין ת"ר אין מקדשין על השכר משום ר' אלעזר בר רבי שמעון אמרו מקדשין

yet I would not drink beer. Raba also said: His drink shall be but beer who recites kiddush over beer.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he grudges the money for wine, there will come a time when he can afford only beer for his general drinking.');">¹⁴</span> Rab found R'Huna<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec., Rabbah b. Bar Hanah.');">¹⁵</span>

מטעימת יין כל שהוא ר' יוסי בר יהודה אומר מלא לוגמא אמר רב הונא אמר רב וכן תני רב גידל דמן נרש המקדש וטעם מלא לוגמא יצא ואם לאו לא יצא

reciting kiddush over beer. Said he to him: 'Abba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'father' - a title of respect.');">¹⁶</span> has begun to acquire istiri<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Coins.');">¹⁷</span>

אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק אנא תנינא לה לא גידול בר מנשיא ולא גידול בר מניומי אלא גידול סתמא למאי נפקא מינה למירמא דידי' אדידיה:

with beer.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., you have begun trading with beer, so it has become sufficiently valuable in your eyes to recite kiddush over it.');">¹⁸</span> Our Rabbis taught: You recite kiddush over wine only, and you say a blessing over wine only. Do we then not recite the blessing, 'by whose word all things exist' over beer and water? - Said Abaye, this is what he means: You do not say, 'bring a cup of blessing to say Grace [after meals],' over aught except wine.

סמוך למנחה: איבעיא להו סמוך למנחה גדולה תנן או דילמא סמוך למנחה קטנה תנן

Our Rabbis taught: You do not recite kiddush over beer. On the authority of R'Eleazar son of R'Simeon they said: You can recite kiddush [over it]. The tasting of wine [demands] but a small quantity.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He who says a blessing over wine must taste some of it (supra ');">¹⁹</span>

סמוך למנחה גדולה תנן ומשום פסח דילמא אתי למימשך

R'Jose B'Judah said: [At least] a mouthful. R'Huna said in Rab's name, an thus did R'Gidal of Naresh<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' identical 'with Nahras or Nahr-sar, on the canal of the same name, on the east bank of the Euphrates; Obermeyer, p. 307.');">²⁰</span> learn: He who recites kiddush and drinks a mouthful [of the wine] as discharged [his duty]; if not, he has not discharged [his duty]. it. Nahman B'Isaac said: I recite this [name] neither [as] Gidal B'Menassia nor Gidal b Manyomi, but simply Gidal. What difference does that make? - In respect of opposing [one statement] of his to [another statement] of his.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If a statement by one of these two is found to contradict the present one, there is no difficulty, as he is not identical with either. Or perhaps: he may be identical with one of them, so that a contrary statement by the other does not prove a self-contradiction.');">²¹</span> CLOSE TO MINHAH. The scholars asked: Did we learn, CLOSE TO the great MINHAH, or perhaps we learned, CLOSE TO the lesser "MINHAH?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The time for the great minhah is six and a half hours (i.e., half an hour after midday) and onwards. This is the earliest hour for the sacrificing of the evening amid (v. supra 58a) . The lesser minhah is two and a half hours before nightfall.');">²²</span> Did we learn, CLOSE to the great MINHAH, the reason being on account of the Passover-offering, lest he come to prolong [the meal]