Pesachim 216

שאף הן היו באותו הנס

because they too were included in that miracle.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of liberation; v. Sot. 11b, where it is stated that the Israelites were redeemed as a reward to the righteous women of that generation.');">¹</span> Rab Judah said in Samuel's name: These four cups must contain sufficient for the mixing of a generous cup.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Their wine was too strong to be drunk neat. 'A generous cup' is one of sufficient quantity for Grace, viz., a rebi'ith (quarter of a log) , and Rab Judah said that each of these four cups must contain enough undiluted wine to make up to a rebi'ith of diluted wine. - The usual mixture was one Part wine to three parts water.');">²</span> if he drank them raw [undiluted], he has discharged [his duty].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Providing that he drank a rebi'ith on each, occasion (Rashbam) .');">³</span>

א"ר יהודה אמר שמואל ארבעה כוסות הללו צריך שיהא בהן כדי מזיגת כוס יפה שתאן חי יצא שתאן בבת אחת יצא השקה מהן לבניו ולבני ביתו יצא

If he drank them [all] at once,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without following the order prescribed infra ');">⁴</span> he has discharged [his duty]. If he gave his sons and household to drink of them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Possibly separate cups were not set for each member of the household. as is done nowadays; v. supra ');">⁵</span>

שתאן חי יצא אמר רבא ידי יין יצא ידי חירות לא יצא

he has discharged [his duty].' If he drank them raw [undiluted]. he has discharged [his duty].'

שתאן בבת אחת רב אמר ידי יין יצא ידי ארבעה כוסות לא יצא השקה מהן לבניו ולבני ביתו יצא אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק והוא דאשתי רובא דכסא

Raba observed: He has discharged [his duty] of wine, but he has not discharged [his duty] of [symbolizing his] freedom.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he has discharged his duty in a poor way, since drinking undiluted wine is hardly drinking at all - This does not refer to wine nowadays, which is not so strong and does not require dilution.');">⁶</span> If he drank them [all] at once, Rab said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Alfasi and Asheri omit: Rab said.');">⁷</span> He has discharged [his duty of drinking] wine,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 109: a man must rejoice on a Festival by drinking wine; this duty he has now discharged.');">⁸</span>

מיתיבי ד' כוסות הללו צריך שיהא בהן כדי רביעית אחד חי ואחד מזוג אחד חדש ואחד ישן רבי יהודה אומר צריך שיהא בו טעם ומראה יין קתני מיהת כדי רביעית ואת אמרת כוס יפה

[but] he has not discharged [his duty of] four cups.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But all count as one cup. and another three are necessary.');">⁹</span> 'If he gave his sons and household to drink of them, he has discharged [his duty]': Said R'Nahman B'Isaac: Providing that he [himself] drank the greater part of [each] cup. An objection is raised: These four cups must contain the standard of a rebi'ith, whether neat or diluted, whether new [wine] or old; R'Judah said: It must possess the taste and the appearance of wine.

אמרי אידי ואידי חד שיעורא הוא מאי כדי מזיגת כוס יפה דקאמר לכל חד וחד דהוי להו כולהו רביעית

Thus it is incidentally taught.' the standard of a rebi'ith,' whereas you say, 'a generous cup'? - I will answer you: Both are the same standard, [for] what does he mean by 'sufficient for the mixing of a generous cup? For each one separately [of the four cups].

רבי יהודה אומר צריך שיהא בו טעם ומראה אמר רבא מאי טעמא דרבי יהודה דכתיב (משלי כג, לא) אל תרא יין כי יתאדם

which is a rebi'ith for all of them together.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e. , a rebi'ith of the raw wine, which when diluted will make four rebi'ith of drinkable wine, a rebi'ith for each cup.');">¹⁰</span> R'Judah said: It must possess the taste and appearance of wine. Said Raba, What is R'Judah's reason?

ת"ר הכל חייבין בארבעה כוסות הללו אחד אנשים ואחד נשים ואחד תינוקות א"ר יהודה וכי מה תועלת יש לתינוקות ביין אלא מחלקין להן

Because it is written, Look not thou upon the wine when it is red.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. XXIII, 31. Thus it does not merit the name wine unless it has its appearance too.');">¹¹</span> Our Rabbis taught: All are bound to [drink] the four cups, men, women, and children. Said R'Judah: Of what benefit then is wine to children? But we distribute to them