Pesachim 22

Chapter 22

א על ממונו אמרינן אי שרית ליה במקום שאין עושין בו מום אתי למעבד במקום שעושין בו מום
1 about his property, if you permit him [to bleed it] in a place where a blemish is not inflicted, he will come to do it in a place where a blemish is inflicted. But the Rabbis [argue]: if you do not permit him at all, he is al the more likely to come to act [thus].
ב ורבנן כל שכן דאי לא שרית ליה כלל אתי למעבד
2 Yet do we say according to R'Judah. A man is excited over his property?
ג ומי אמרינן לרבי יהודה אדם בהול על ממונו והתנן ר' יהודה אומר אין (מקדרין) הבהמה בי"ט מפני שהוא עושה חבורה אבל מקרצפין וחכ"א אין מקדרין אף אין מקרצפין
3 Surely we learned: An animal may not be curried on Festivals, because it makes a bruise [wound], but you may scrape it; but the Sages maintain: It may neither be curried nor scraped. Now it was taught: What is currying and what is scraping?
ד ותניא איזהו קידור ואיזהו קרצוף קידור קטני' ועושין חבור' קרצוף גדולים ואין עושין חבורה
4 Currying is with a small-toothed strigil. and it makes a wound; scraping is with a large-toothed strigil and does not make a wound?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The animal is scraped to free it of mud, mire, etc. Thus R. Judah does not argue that if you permit one the other will be used, because a man is anxious to keep his property in good condition.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ה התם דאי שביק לי' מיית אמרינן אדם בהול על ממונו הכא אי שביק לי' צערא בעלמא הוא לא אמרי' אדם בהול על ממונו
5 - There, since it will die if left alone, we say. a man is excited about his propert here, if he leaves it there is merely discomfort, we do not say, a man is excited about his money.
ו ור' יהודה מאי שנא גבי חמץ דגזר ומאי שנא גבי קרצוף דלא גזר לחם בלחם מיחלף קידור בקרצוף לא מיחלף:
6 Now as to R'Judah; wherein is the difference that he preventively prohibits in the case of leaven but does not preventively forbid in the case of scraping? - One bread can be mistaken for another bread, [but] currying cannot be mistaken for scraping. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>R'MEir SAID: ONE MAY EAT [LEAVEN] THE WHOLE OF THE FIVE [HOURS] AND MUST BURN [IT] AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTH.
ז <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ר"מ אומר אוכלים כל חמש ושורפין בתחלת שש רבי יהודה אומר אוכלין כל ארבע ותולין כל חמש ושורפין בתחלת שש
7 R'JUDAH SAID: ONE MAY EAT THE WHOLE OF THE FOUR [HOURS]. KEEP IT IN SUSPENSE THE WHOLE OF THE FIFTH, AND MUST BURN IT AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ח ועוד א"ר יהודה שתי חלות של תודה פסולות מונחות על גב האיצטבא כל זמן שמונחות כל העם אוכלין ניטלה אחת תולין לא אוכלין ולא שורפין ניטלו שתיהן התחילו כל העם שורפין
8 R'JUDAH SAID FURTHER: TWO UNFIT LOAVES OF THE THANKSOFFERING USED TO LIE ON THE ROOF<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the reading of MS.M. and in the printed ed. of the MISHNAH:');"><sup>3</sup></span> OF THE [TEMPLE] IZTABA:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. GEMARA:');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ט ר"ג אומר חולין נאכלין כל ארבע ותרומה כל חמש ושורפין בתחלת שש:
9 AS LONG AS THEY LAY [THERE] ALL THE PEOPLE WOUld EAT [ LEAVEN]; WHEN ONE WAS REMOVED, THEY WOULD KEEP IT IN SUSPENSE, NEITHER EATING NOR BURNING [IT]; WHEN BOTH WERE REMOVED, ALL THE PEOPLE COMMENCED BURNING[THEIR LEAVEN].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Forty loaves were brought with a thanks-offering, ten of which were leaven; two leaven loaves which had become unfit (the Gemara discusses how) were publicly exposed on the portico and served as a signal.');"><sup>5</sup></span> R'GAMALIEL SAID: HULLIN MAY BE EATEN THE WHOLE OF THE FOUR [HOURS] AND TERUMAH THE WHOLE OF THE FIVE [HOURS].
י <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנן התם אחד אומר בשנים בחדש ואחד אומר בשלשה עדותן קיימת
10 AND WE BURN [THEM] AT THE BEGINNING OF THE SIXTH [HOUR].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By Biblical law leaven is permitted until midday. But people often erred in the matter of time (there were, of course, no clocks or watches in those days) , and the controversy here is in respect of the extent of possible or likely errors.');"><sup>6</sup></span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>We learned elsewhere: If one [witness] deposes [that it took place] on the second day of the month,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., a murder.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
יא שזה יודע בעבורו של חדש וזה אינו יודע בעבורו של חדש
11 and another deposes, on the third of the month, their testimony is valid, because one knows of the intercalation of the [preceding] month<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., that it consisted of thirty days. The thirtieth day is said to be intercalated.');"><sup>8</sup></span> while the other does not know of the intercalation of the month.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thinking that it consisted of twenty-nine days. This holds good only when they agree on other matters, including what day of the week it was.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
יב אחד אומר בשלשה ואחד אומר בה' עדותן בטלה אחד אומר בשתי שעות ואחד אומר בשלש שעות עדותן קיימת אחד אומר בשלש ואחד אומר בחמש עדותן בטלה דברי רבי מאיר
12 If one deposed, on the third, while the other deposed, on the fifth, their testimony is null. If one said: During the second hour, and the other said: During the third hour, their testimony is valid.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because one can err in an hour.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
יג רבי יהודה אומר עדותן קיימת אחד אומר בחמש ואחד אומר בשבע עדותן בטלה שבחמש חמה במזרח ובשבע חמה במערב
13 If one said, during the third hour, and the other said, during the fifth, their testimony is null: this is R'Meir's view. R'Judah maintained: Their testimony stands.
יד אמר אביי כשתמצא לומר לדברי רבי מאיר אין אדם טועה ולא כלום לדברי רבי יהודה אדם טועה חצי שעה לדברי ר"מ אין אדם טועה ולא כלום מעשה כי הוה במיפק תרתי ומעייל תלת והא דקאמר שתים בסוף שתים והא דקאמר שלש בתחלת שלש
14 If one deposed, during the fifth [hour], while the other deposed, during the seventh, their testimony is null, because during the fifth [hour] the sun is in the east, whereas in the seventh it is in the west. Abaye observed: When you examine the matter, you find that on R'Meir's ruling a man does not err [in the time] at all, [while] on R'Judah's ruling a man may err in half an hour.
טו לדברי רבי יהודה אדם טועה חצי שעה מעשה כי הוה בפלגא דארבע הוה והאי דקאמר שלש בסוף שלש וקטעי פלגא דשעתא לקמיה והאי דקאמר חמש בתחלת חמש וקטעי פלגא דשעתא לאחוריה
15 [Thus:] on R'Meir's ruling a man does not err at all: the event [to which they testify] happened at the end of the second and the beginning of the third [hour], and when one says, during the second, [he means] at the end of the second [hour], and when the other says, during the third hour, [he means] at the beginning of the third hour.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus there is no contradiction at all. But if it is shown that there is a contradiction, even in half an hour, one is assumed to be false and their evidence is null.');"><sup>11</sup></span> On R'Judah's ruling a man may err in half an hour: the event happened in the middle of the fourth hour, and he who says in the third hour[meant] at the end of the third hour, and he errs in [being] half an hour before; while he who testified, in the fifth hour, [meant] at the beginning of the fifth hour, and he errs half an hour behind.
טז איכא דאמרי אמר אביי כשתמצא לומר לדברי רבי מאיר אדם טועה משהו לדברי רבי יהודה אדם טועה שעה ומשהו לדברי ר"מ אדם טועה משהו מעשה כי הוה או בסוף שתים הוה או בתחלת שלש וחד מינייהו טועה משהו לדברי רבי יהודה אדם טועה שעה ומשהו מעשה כי הוה או בסוף שלש או בתחלת חמש
16 Others say, Abaye observed: When you examine the matter, you find that on R'Meir's ruling a man may err in [just] a little, while on R'Judah's ruling a man may err in slightly more than an hour.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'an hour and a little'.');"><sup>12</sup></span> On R'Meir's ruling a man may err in [just] a little: the event occurred either at the end of the second or at the beginning the third [hour], and one of them erred a little. On R'Judah's ruling a man may err in slightly more than an hour: the event happened either at the end of the third or at the beginning of the fifth,