יב ולרבי יהודה יהבינן להו מתחילת שעה ראשונה ועד סוף ששית ובדין הוא דניתיב להו מעיקרא טפי
12 at which hour and in which place? And 'ye [further] learned: What is the difference between hakiroth and bedikoth?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As stated, hakiroth dealt with time and place; bedikoth dealt with accompanying circumstances of the crime, e.g., the weapon, the clothes worn, etc. vnzv');"><sup>5</sup></span> In hakiroth, if one of them [the witnesses] replied.' I do not know', their testimony is null; in bedikoth, even if both declare, 'We do not know', their testimony is valid. Now we questioned this: Wherein this difference between hakiroth and bedikoth? And we answered: In hakiroth, if one declares, 'I do not know', their testimony is null, because it is a testimony which cannot be rebutted;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Hebr. word used always denotes rebutting by proving that the witnesses themselves were elsewhere at the time of the alleged crime, in which case the law of retaliation applies that the witnesses are subject to the punishment which they sought to fasten upon the accused; v. Deut. XIX, 18f. This is obviously impossible unless the witnesses state the exact time and place, whereas the possibility of rebuttal is essential for the validity of testimony.');"><sup>6</sup></span> whereas with respect to bedikoth it is [still] a testimony which can be rebutted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if the witnesses are not clear on the accompanying circumstances.');"><sup>7</sup></span> Now if you say that a man may err in so much, then the hakiroth of which hour also [leaves] testimony which cannot be rebutted, for they can assert, 'We did indeed err'? - We allow them [the benefit of] the whole of their [possible] error: according to R'Meir we allow them from the beginning of the first hour until the end of the fifth; and logically we should give them even more at the beginning, but that people do not err between day and night. While according to R'Judah we allow them from the beginning of the first hour until the end of the sixth; and logically we should give them more at the beginning,