Pesachim 25

Chapter 25

א בתוך הנץ החמה בגילויי' הוה קאי וזהרורי בעלמא הוא דחזא קא משמע לן
1 during sunrise was standing in the glow [before sunrise] and what he saw was merely the glare; hence he informs us [that it is not so]. R'Nahman said in Rab's name: The halachah is as R'Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In our MISHNAH:');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב אמר רב נחמן אמר רב הלכה כרבי יהודה אמר ליה רבא לרב נחמן ונימא מר הלכה כר' מאיר דסתם לן תנא כוותיה
2 Said Raba to R'Nahman, Yet let the Master say [that] the halachah is as R'Meir, since a Tanna taught anonymously in agreement with him. For we learned: As long as it is permitted to eat [leaven] he may feed [animals with it]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Conversely, when he may not eat leaven he may not feed his cattle with it. But in R. Judah's view he may not eat it during the fifth hour, and yet he may give it to his cattle. Hence this must agree with R. Meir. It is a general principle that an anonymous Mishnah states the halachah.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג דתנן כל שעה שמותר לאכול מאכיל
3 That is not anonymous. because there is the difficulty of 'it is permitted'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 21a. In order to answer that difficulty the Mishnah is explained as being R. Gamaliel's view.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ד ההיא לאו סתמא הוא משום דקשיא מותר
4 Then let the Master say [that] the halachah is as R'Gamaliel, since he makes a compromise?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Mishnah on 11b. It is a general rule that the view representing a compromise is the halachah.');"><sup>4</sup></span> - R'Gamaliel does not make a compromise but states an independent view.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'a reason of his own . R. Gamaliel's view would be a compromise if R. Meir and R. Judah mentioned terumoth and hullin, R. Meir explicitly stating that even hullin may be eaten the whole of the five hours, and R. Judah stating that even terumah may only be eaten up to four hours. This would show that they recognize that in logic a distinction might be drawn between hullin and terumah. R. Gamaliel, in thus making the distinction, would be effecting a compromise. But they do not rule thus: hence his distinction is an entirely independent one.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ה ונימא מר הלכה כרבן גמליאל דהוה ליה מכריע א"ל רבן גמליאל לאו מכריע הוא טעם דנפשיה קאמר
5 Alternatively. Rab rules as this Tanna.
ו ואיבעי' אימא רב דאמר כי האי תנא דתני' ארבעה עשר שחל להיות בשבת מבערין את הכל מלפני השבת ושורפין תרומות טמאות תלויות וטהורו' ומשיירין מן הטהורו' מזון שתי סעודות כדי לאכול עד ד' שעות דברי רבי אלעזר בן יהודה איש ברתותא שאמר משום ר' יהושע
6 For it was taught: If the fourteenth falls on the Sabbath, everything [sc. leaven] must be removed before the Sabbath, and terumoth,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Plur. of terumah.');"><sup>6</sup></span> whether unclean, or in suspense.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when it is in doubt whether they are clean or unclean.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ז אמרו לו טהורות לא ישרפו שמא ימצאו להן אוכלין אמר להן כבר בקשו ולא מצאו אמרו לו שמא חוץ לחומה לנו
7 or clean, are burnt, and of the clean [terumah] food for two meals is left over, so a to eat until four hours:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., one meal Friday evening and one Saturday morning.');"><sup>8</sup></span> this is the ruling of R'Eleazar B'Judah of Bartotha<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Upper Galilee.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ח אמר להם לדבריכם אף תלויות לא ישרפו שמא יבא אליהו ויטהרם אמרו לו כבר מובטח להן לישראל שאין אליהו בא לא בערבי שבתות ולא בערבי ימים טובים מפני הטורח
8 which he stated in R'Joshua's name. Said they to him: Clean [terumoth] should not be burnt, in case eaters may be found for them?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g.. guests who are priests may arrive.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ט אמרו לא זזו משם עד שקבעו הלכה כרבי אלעזר בן יהודה איש ברתותא שאמר משום רבי יהושע
9 - He replied: They have already sought [eaters] but not found [them].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it is impossible to have unexpected guests, for these cannot arrive from without the town on the Sabbath, while one knows who is in town.');"><sup>11</sup></span> They may have spent the night without the [city] wall?
י מאי לאו אפילו לאכול אמר רב פפא משמיה דרבא לא לבער
10 said they to him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And thus arrive unexpectedly.');"><sup>12</sup></span> - Then on your reasoning, he retorted, even those in suspense should not be burnt, lest Elijah come and declare them clean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One of the functions ascribed to Elijah was the clearing up of all doubts.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
יא ואף ר' סבר להא דרב נחמן דאמר רבין בר רב אדא מעשה באדם אחד שהפקיד דיסקיא מלאה חמץ אצל יוחנן חקוקאה ונקבוה עכברי' והיה חמץ מבצבץ ויוצא ובא לפני רבי שעה ראשונה אמר לו המתן שניה אמר לו המתן שלישית אמר לו המתן רביעית אמר לו המתן חמישית א"ל צא ומוכרה בשוק
11 - Said they to him, it has long been assured to Israel that Elijah will come neither on the eve of the Sabbath nor on the eve of Festivals, on account of the trouble.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' His coming then would be inopportune.');"><sup>14</sup></span> It was said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit. - 'they said'.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
יב מאי לאו לנכרים כרבי יהודה אמר רב יוסף לא לישראל כרבי מאיר אמר ליה אביי אי לישראל נישקלי' לנפשיה
12 They did not stir thence until they decided the halachah in accordance with R'Eleazar B'Judah of Bartotha which he stated in R'Joshua's name. Does that not mean even in respect of eating?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And he states that leaven may be eaten until four hours, even if it is terumah. This is the basis of Rab's ruling, the question being a rhetorical one.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יג משום חשדא דתניא גבאי צדקה שאין להם עניים לחלק פורטין לאחרים ואין פורטין לעצמן
13 Said R'Papa in Raba's name: No, [only] in respect of removing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., that even the clean terumoth must not be kept for Sabbath morning but must be burnt before the Sabbath. But it is possible that terumah may be eaten until the fifth hour.');"><sup>17</sup></span> Now Rabbi too holds this [view] of R'Nahman.
יד גבאי תמחוי שאין להם עניים לחלק מוכרין לאחרים ואין מוכרין לעצמן משום שנאמר (במדבר לב, כב) והייתם נקיים מה' ומישראל
14 For Rabin son of R'Adda related: It once happened that a certain man deposited a saddle-bag full of leaven with Johanan of Hukok,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Northern Palestine.');"><sup>18</sup></span> and mice made holes in it, and the leaven was bursting out.
טו אמר ליה רב אדא בר מתנה לרב יוסף בפירוש אמרת לן צא ומוכרן לנכרים כרבי יהודה
15 He then went before Rabbi.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was Passover eve.');"><sup>19</sup></span> The first hour he said to him, 'Wait'; the second, he said to him, 'Wait'; the third he said to him, 'Wait';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The owner may come.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
טז אמר רב יוסף כמאן אזלא הא שמעתא דרבי כרשב"ג דתנן המפקיד פירות אצל חבירו אפילו הן אבודין לא יגע בהן רשב"ג אומר מוכרן בב"ד מפני השבת אבידה
16 the fourth he said to him, 'Wait'; at the fifth he sa to him, 'Go out and sell it in the market'. - Does that not mean to Gentiles, in accordance with R'Judah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who holds that it is forbidden to Jews then.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יז אמר ליה אביי ולאו איתמר עלה אמר רבה בר בר חנה א"ר יוחנן לא שנו אלא
17 - Said R'Joseph: No, to an Israelite, in accordance with R'Meir.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who holds that a Jew may eat it during the fifth hour.');"><sup>22</sup></span> Said Abaye to him: If to an Israelite, le him take it for himself? - [He could not do this] because of suspicion.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., that he had undervalued it.');"><sup>23</sup></span> For it was taught: When the charity overseers have no poor to whom to distribute [their funds], they must change the copper coins with others, not themselves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Copper coins were unsuitable for keeping a long time, being liable to tarnish and mould. Therefore they would be exchanged for silver ones. huvn,');"><sup>24</sup></span> The overseers of the soup kitchen,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' ; actual food was collected for this purpose, not money, and it was distributed to those in immediate need of a meal. V. B.B. 8b.');"><sup>25</sup></span> when they have no poor to whom to make a distribution, must sell to others, not to themselves, because it is said, and ye shall be guiltless towards the Lord, and towards Israel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXXII, 22. I.e. , one must avoid even the appearance of suspicion.');"><sup>26</sup></span> R'Adda B'Mattenah said to R'Joseph:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Joseph had forgotten his learning owing to an illness, and his disciples would often have to remind him of his teachings. v. Ned. 41a.');"><sup>27</sup></span> You explicitly told us [that he said].' Go out and sell it to Gentiles,' in accordance with R'Judah. R'Joseph said: With whom does this ruling of Rabbi agree?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'as whom does it go'?');"><sup>28</sup></span> With R'Simeon B'Gamaliel. For we learned: If a man deposits produce with his neighbour. even if it is suffering loss,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Through mildew or mice.');"><sup>29</sup></span> he must not touch it. R'Simeon B'Gamaliel said: He must sell it by order of the court, on account of returning lost property.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it is like returning lost property to its owner.');"><sup>30</sup></span> Said Abaye to him, Yet was it not stated thereon, Rabbah B'Bar Hanah said in R'Johanan's name: They learned this only
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