Pesachim 69

אלא מעלה הכא נמי מעלה

but it is a higher standard; so here too it is a higher standard.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. that the resowing of terumah does not permit it to be eaten (supra 34a) .');">¹</span> R'Shimi B'Ashi said, We too learned thus: When he [an unclean person] has a ritual bath, he may eat tithe; when the sun sets,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his sun makes evening'.');">²</span> he may eat terumah.

אמר רב שימי בר אשי אף אנן נמי תנינא טבל ועלה אוכל במעשר העריב שמשו אוכל בתרומה בתרומה אין בקדשים לא אמאי טהור הוא אלא מעלה ה"נ מעלה

[Thus] only terumah, but not sacred food.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If his uncleanness requires a sacrifice, e.g.. in the case of a zab, he may not eat sacred food until he has brought the sacrifice, though he is completely clean.');">³</span> Yet why so? He is clean?

אמר רב אשי אף אנן נמי תנינא (ויקרא ז, יט) והבשר לרבות את העצים ולבונה עצים ולבונה בני איטמויי נינהו אלא מעלה הכא נמי מעלה:

But [you must say] it is a higher standard; so here too it is a higher standard. R'Ashi said, we too learned [thus]: And the flesh:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VII, 19.');">⁴</span> this is to include fuel and frankincense.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra ');">⁵</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> אלו דברים שאדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו בפסח בחטים בשעורים בכוסמין ובשיפון ובשיבולת שועל ויוצאין בדמאי ובמעשר ראשון שנטלה תרומתו ובמעשר שני והקדש שנפדו והכהנים בחלה ובתרומה

Are then fuel and frankincense capable of being defiled?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely not, as they are not eatables!');">⁶</span> But [you must say] it is a higher standard;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though fuel and frankincense cannot usually be defiled, a higher standard is set when they are to be used in the sacred service.');">⁷</span> so here too it is a higher standard.

אבל לא בטבל ולא במעשר ראשון שלא נטלה תרומתו ולא במעשר שני והקדש שלא נפדו חלות התודה ורקיקי נזיר עשאן לעצמו אין יוצא בהן עשאן למכור בשוק יוצאין בהן:

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>THESE ARE THE COMMODITIES WITH WHICH A MAN DISCHARGES HIS OBLIGATION ON PASSOVER:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unleavened bread is obligatory on the first night of Passover, as it is written, on the fourteenth day of the month at even ye shall eat unleavened bread (Ex. XII, 18) . The Mishnah enumerates the species of corn with which this unleavened bread, eaten as an obligation, can be made.');">⁸</span> WITH WHEAT, WITH BARLEY, WITH SPELT, WITH RYE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast.: others: oats.');">⁹</span> AND WITH OATS.

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנא כוסמין מין חיטין שיבולת שועל ושיפון מין שעורין כוסמין גולבא שיפון דישרא שיבולת שועל שבילי תעלא הני אין אורז ודוחן לא

AND THEY DISCHARGE [IT] WITH DEMAI,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">¹⁰</span> WITH FIRST TITHE WHOSE TERUMAH HAS BEEN SEPARATED, AND WITH SECOND TITHE OR HEKDESH WHICH HAVE BEEN REDEEMED;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One tenth (tithe) of the produce, called the first tithe, was given to the Levite, and he in turn gave a tenth thereof, called the terumah of tithe, to the priest. Another tenth of the produce, called the second tithe, was eaten by its owners (Israelites, as opposed to Levites and priests) in Jerusalem, or redeemed and the redemption money was expended in Jerusalem. Hekdesh (q.v. Glos.) could be similarly redeemed. The second tithe reference in the Mishnah is to places outside Jerusalem.');">¹¹</span> AND PRIESTS [CAN DISCHARGE THEIR OBLIGATION] WITH HALLAH AND TERUMAH.

מנהני מילי אמר רבי שמעון בן לקיש וכן תנא דבי רבי ישמעאל וכן תנא דבי ר' אליעזר בן יעקב אמר קרא (דברים טז, ג) לא תאכל עליו חמץ שבעת ימים תאכל עליו מצות דברים הבאים לידי חימוץ אדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו במצה יצאו אלו שאין באין לידי חימוץ אלא לידי סירחון

BUT [A MAN CAN]NOT [DISCHARGE HIS OBLIGATION] WITH TEBEL, NOR WITH FIRST TITHE WHOSE TERUMAH HAS NOT BEEN SEPARATED, NOR WITH SECOND TITHE OR HEKDESH WHICH HAVE NOT BEEN REDEEMED. [AS TO] THE [UNLEAVENED] LOAVES OF THE THANKSOFFERING<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The thanksoffering was accompanied by forty loaves, thirty of which were unleavened.');">¹²</span> AND THE WAFERS OF A NAZIRITE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Num. VI, 15.');">¹³</span>

מתניתין דלא כרבי יוחנן בן נורי דאמר אורז מין דגן הוא וחייבין על חימוצו כרת דתניא רבי יוחנן בן נורי אוסר באורז ודוחן מפני שקרוב להחמיץ

IF HE MADE THEM FOR HIMSELF,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For his own sacrifice.');">¹⁴</span> HE CANNOT DISCHARGE [HIS OBLIGATION] WITH THEM; IF HE MADE THEM TO SELL IN THE MARKET, HE CAN DISCHARGE [HIS OBLIGATION] WITH THEM. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>A Tanna taught: Kusmin [spelt] is a species of wheat; oats and rye are a species of barley; kusmin is gulba; shipon is dishra; shiboleth shu'al is foxears.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ears of corn foxtailed in shape. - The other words are the Aramaic in general use.');">¹⁵</span>

איבעיא להו שקרוב להחמיץ דקדים ומחמיץ או דילמא קרוב להחמיץ הוי חמץ גמור לא הוי

Only these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Enumerated in our MISHNAH:');">¹⁶</span> [are fit],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though fuel and frankincense cannot usually be defiled, a higher standard is set when they are to be used in the sacred service.');">⁷</span> but not rice or millet.

תא שמע דתניא אמר רבי יוחנן בן נורי אורז מין דגן הוא וחייבין על חימוצו כרת ואדם יוצא בו ידי חובתו בפסח

Whence do we know it? - Said R'Simeon B'Lakish, and thus the School of R'Ishmael taught, and thus the school of R'Eliezer B'Jacob taught, Scripture saith, Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it,' seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XVI, 3.');">¹⁸</span> [with regard to] commodities which come to the state of leaven, a man discharges his obligation with unleavened bread [made] thereof; thus these are excluded, which do not come to the state of leaven but to the state of decay. Our Mishnah does not agree with R'Johanan B'Nuri, who maintains: Rice is a species of corn, and kareth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">¹⁹</span>

וכן היה רבי יוחנן בן נורי אומר קרמית חייבת בחלה מאי קרמית אמר אביי שיצניתא מאי שיצניתא אמר רב פפא שיצניתא דמשתכחא ביני כלניתא

is incurred for [eating it in] its leavened state. For it was taught: R'Johanan B'Nuri Prohibits [th use of] rice and millet, because it is near to turn leaven. The scholars asked: does 'because it is near to turn leaven' mean that it quickly becomes leaven,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore it is altogether forbidden on Passover, as it turns leaven before it can be baked.');">²⁰</span>

אמר רבה בר בר חנה אמר ריש לקיש עיסה שנילושה ביין ושמן ודבש אין חייבין על חימוצה כרת יתיב רב פפא ורב הונא בריה דרב יהושע קמיה דרב אידי בר אבין ויתיב רב אידי בר אבין וקא מנמנם א"ל רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע לרב פפא מאי טעמא דריש לקיש

or perhaps it is near to leaven, but is not completely leaven?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it can never become completely leaven. Hence R. Johanan b. Nuri prohibits its use on the first night for the fulfilment of one's obligations.');">²¹</span> - Come and hear: For it was taught, R'Johanan B'Nuri said: Rice is a species of corn and kareth is incurred for [eating it in] its leavened state, and a man discharges his obligation with it on Passover. And thus R'Johanan B'Nuri used to say, Karmith [cow-wheat] is subject to hallah.

א"ל דאמר קרא לא תאכל עליו חמץ [וגו'] דברים שאדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו במצה חייבין על חימוצו כרת והא הואיל ואין אדם יוצא בה ידי חובתו דהויא ליה מצה עשירה אין חייבין על חימוצה כרת

What is karmith? - Said Abaye: Shezanitha [weed]. What is Shezanitha? Said R'Papa: A weed found among kalnitha.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Papaver Spinosum (Jast.) .');">²²</span>

איתיביה רב הונא בריה דרב יהושע לרב פפא המחהו וגמעו אם חמץ הוא ענוש כרת ואם מצה הוא אין אדם יוצא ידי חובתו בפסח והא הכא דאין אדם יוצא ידי חובתו במצה וחייבין על חימוצו כרת

Rabbah B'Bar Hanah said in the name of Resh Lakish: [As to] dough which was kneaded with wine, oil or honey, kareth is not incurred for [eating it in] its leavened state.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If no water at all was used in kneading it.');">²³</span> Now, R'Papa and R'Huna son of R'Joshua sat before R'Idi B'Abin, while R'Idi B'Abin was sitting and dozing. Said R'Huna son of R'Joshua to R'Papa: What is Resh Lakish's reason? - He replied, Scripture saith, Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it etc. : [In the case of] the commodities with which a man discharges his obligation in respect of unleavened bread, kareth is incurred for [eating them in] their leavened state; but [with regard to] this [dough], since a man cannot discharge his obligation therewith, because it is rich mazzah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unleavened bread made with wine etc., is a rich confection, whereas Scripture prescribes 'bread of poverty' (E.V. affliction - Deut. XVI, 3) .');">²⁴</span>

איתער בהו רב אידי בר אבין אמר להו דרדקי היינו טעמא דריש לקיש משום דהוו להו מי פירות

kareth is not incurred for its leaven. R'Huna son of R'Joshua objected to R'Papa: If he dissolves it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. bread.');">²⁵</span> and swallows it, if it is leaven, he punished with kareth; while if it is unleavened bread, he does not discharge his obligation therewith on Passover.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because swallowing soaked bread is not eating.');">²⁶</span> Now here, though a man does not discharge his obligation therewith as unleavened bread, yet kareth is incurred for its leaven? - [Thereupon] R'Idi B'Abin awoke [and] said to them, Children! This is the reason of Resh Lakish, because they are fruit juice,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. wine, oil or honey, date-honey being meant.');">²⁷</span>