Pesachim 77

Chapter 77

א <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ואלו ירקות שאדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו בפסח בחזרת בתמכא ובחרחבינא ובעולשין ובמרור יוצאין בהן בין לחין בין יבשין אבל לא כבושין ולא שלוקין ולא מבושלין
1 <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>AND THESE ARE THE HERBS WITH WHICH A MAN DISCHARGES HIS OBLIGATION ON PASSOVER:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Bitter herbs are eaten on the first two (in Palestine one) nights of Passover, v. Ex. XII, 8.');"><sup>1</sup></span> WITH LETTUCE [HAZARETH]. WITH T A M K A,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A kind of cheveril (Jast.) .');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ומצטרפין לכזית ויוצאין בקלח שלהן ובדמאי ובמעשר ראשון שנטלה תרומתו ומעשר שני והקדש שנפדו:
2 WITH H A R H A B I N A,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A kind of creeper.');"><sup>3</sup></span> WITH ENDIVES ['ULSHIN] AND WITH MAROR.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'bitter' (herb) . A plant, prob. Cichorium ltybus. Succory (Jast.) .');"><sup>4</sup></span> THE LAW IS COMPLIED WITH BY [EATING THEM] BOTH MOIST [FRESH] AND DRY, BUT NOT PRESERVED [IN VINEGAR], NOR STEWED NOR BOILED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shelukin means boiled to a pulp; mebushalin, boiled in the usual manner.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ג <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> חזרת חסא עולשין הינדבי תמכא אמר רבה בר בר חנה תמכתא שמה חרחבינא אמר רשב"ל אצוותא דדיקלא ובמרור מרירתא
3 AND THEY COMBINE TO THE SIZE OF AN OLIVE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is the minimum quantity which must be eaten; and it can be made up of all these.');"><sup>6</sup></span> AND YOU CAN DISCHARGE [YOUR OBLIGATION] WITH THEIR STALK[S]. AND WITH DEMAI, AND WITH FIRST TITHE THE TERUMAH OF WHICH HAS BEEN SEPARATED, AND WITH HEKDESH AND SECOND TITHE WHICH HAVE BEEN REDEEMED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. p. 161, n. I.');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ד תני בר קפרא אלו ירקות שאדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו בפסח בעולשין ובתמכא בחרחלין בחרחבינין ובחזרין רב יהודה אומר אף עולשי שדה ועולשי גינה וחזרת
4 <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>H A Z E R E T H is hassa [lettuce]; 'U L S H I N is hindebi [endives]. TAMKA: Rabbah B'Bar Hanah said: It is called temakta.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: marrubium, hoarhound (Jast.) .');"><sup>8</sup></span> H A R H A B I N A: R'Simeon B'Lakish said: [It is] the creeper of the palm tree.
ה עולשי גינה וחזרת הא תנא לה רישא הכי קאמר אף עולשי שדה כעולשי גינה וחזרת רבי מאיר אומר אף עסווס וטורא ומר ירואר א"ל ר' יוסי עסווס וטורא אחד הוא ומר זה הוא ירואר
5 AND WITH MAROR: merirta.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Aramaic for maror.');"><sup>9</sup></span> Bar Kappara taught: These are the herbs with which a man discharges his obligation on Passover: with endives, with tamka, with harhallin,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A prickly plant, thistles.');"><sup>10</sup></span> with harhabinin,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pl. of harhabina.');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ו תני דבי (ר') שמואל אלו ירקות שאדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו בפסח בחזרת בעולשין ובתמכא ובחרבינין ובחרגינין ובהרדופנין ר' יהודה אומר אף חזרת יולין וחזרת גלין כיוצא בהן
6 and with lettuce. R'Judah said: Also with wild [field] endives and with garden endives and with lettuce.' Garden endives and lettuce': but that is taught in the first section?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' What does R. Judah add?');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ז ר' אילעא אומר משום ר"א אף ערקבלים וחזרתי על כל תלמידיו ובקשתי לי חבר ולא מצאתי וכשבאתי לפני ר"א בן יעקב הודה לדברי
7 - This is what he says: Wild endives too are like garden endives and lettuce. R'Meir said: Also with 'aswaws, and tura and mar yero'ar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Names of bitter herbs. v. next note.');"><sup>13</sup></span> Said R'Jose to him: 'Aswaws and tura are one; and mar is yero'ar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast. ferule. Rashal reads: Aswaws and tura are one, and it is bitter (mar) , and that is (what is called) mar yero'ar.');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ח ר' יהודה אומר כל שיש לו שרף ר' יוחנן בן ברוקה אומר כל שפניו מכסיפין אחרים אומרים [כל] ירק מר יש לו שרף ופניו מכסיפין א"ר יוחנן מדברי כולן נלמד ירק מר יש לו שרף ופניו מכסיפין אמר רב הונא הלכה כאחרים
8 The School of Samuel taught: These are the herbs with which a man discharges his obligation on Passover: With lettuce, with endives, with tamka, with harhabinin, with harginin,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast.: garden ivy.');"><sup>15</sup></span> and with hardofannim.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Wall ivy.');"><sup>16</sup></span> R'Judah said: Hazereth yolin [thistles] and willow lettuce too are like them.
ט רבינא אשכחיה לרב אחא בריה דרבא דהוה מהדר אמרירתא א"ל מאי דעתיך דמרירין טפי והא חזרת תנן ותנא דבי שמואל חזרת וא"ר אושעיא מצוה בחזרת ואמר רבא מאי חזרת חסא
9 R'Judah said in R'Eliezer's name: 'Arkablin too,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast.: prickly creepers on palm trees, palm ivy.');"><sup>17</sup></span> but I went about to all his [sc. R'Eliezer's] disciples and sought a companion<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To support me, that he too had heard it from R. Eliezer.');"><sup>18</sup></span> but did not find one, but when I came before R'Eleazar B'Jacob he agreed with my words.
י מאי חסא דחס רחמנא עילוון ואמר ר' שמואל בר נחמני א"ר יונתן למה נמשלו מצריים כמרור לומר לך מה מרור זה שתחילתו רך וסופו קשה אף מצריים תחילתן רכה וסופן קשה א"ל הדרי בי
10 R Judah said: Whatever [plant which] contains an acrid [pungent] sap. R'Johanan B'Berokah said: Any [plant] the leaves of which look faded [bleached]. Others say: Every bitter herb contains an acrid sap and its leaves are faded.
יא א"ל רב רחומי לאביי ממאי דהאי מרור מין ירק הוא אימא מרירתא דכופיא דומיא דמצה מה מצה גידולי קרקע אף מרור גידולי קרקע ואימא הירדוף דומיא דמצה מה מצה מין זרעים אף מרור מין זרעים
11 R'Johanan said: From the words of all of them we may learn [that every] bitter herb contains an acrid sap and its leaves are faded.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., all the herbs mentioned by the foregoing teachers possess these two features.');"><sup>19</sup></span> R'Huna said: The halachah is as the 'Others'. Rabina found R'Aha son of Raba going in search of merirta.
יב ואימא הרזיפו דומיא דמצה מה מצה שניקחת בכסף מעשר אף מרור שניקח בכסף מעשר
12 Said he to him, What is [in] your mind: that it is more bitter? But we learned H A Z E R E T H; and the School of Samuel taught, Hazereth; while R'Oshaia said: The obligation is properly [fulfilled with] hazereth. And Raba said: What is hazereth?
יג א"ל רבה בר רב חנין לאביי אימא מרור חד מרורים כתיב ואימא מרורים תרי דומיא דמצה מה מצה מינין הרבה אף מרור מינין הרבה
13 Hassa. What does hassa [symbolize]? That the Merciful One had pity [has] upon us.
יד אמר רבה בר רב הונא אמר רב ירקות שאמרו חכמים שאדם יוצא בהן ידי חובתו בפסח כולן נזרעין בערוגה אחת למימרא דלית בהו משום כלאים
14 Further, R'Samuel B'Nahman said in R'Jonathan's name: Why were the Egyptians compared to maror?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Ex. I, 14 where the Hebrew for embittered is from the same root as maror.');"><sup>20</sup></span> To teach you: just as this maror, the beginning of which is soft while its end is hard,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The top is soft, while the stalk hardens like wood.');"><sup>21</sup></span> so were the Egyptians: their beginning was soft [mild].
טו מתיב רבא חזרת וחזרת גלין עולשין ועולשי שדה כרישין וכרישי שדה כוסבר וכוסבר שדה חרדל וחרדל מצרי ודלעת המצרי והרמוצה אינם כלאים זה בזה חזרת וחזרת גלין אין חזרת ועולשין לא
15 but their end was hard [cruel]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At first they dealt mildly with the Israelites, but subsequently treated them with great cruelty. All this was adduced by Rabina, to show that merirta was not preferable.');"><sup>22</sup></span> - Then I retract, he replied. R'Rehumi said to Abaye: How do you know that this 'maror'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prescribed in Ex. XII, 8. Merorim, pl. of maror, is the actual word used there.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
טז וכי תימא כולהו בהדדי קתני להו והא אמר רב זוגות זוגות קתני
16 means a kind of herb; say that it is the gal of Kufia?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Name of a fish, supposed to be identical with colias.');"><sup>24</sup></span> - It is like unleavened bread:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To which it is placed in juxtaposition, ibid.');"><sup>25</sup></span> just as unleavened bread is a product of the earth,so "maror' means a product of the earth.
יז מאי נזרעין דאמר רב נזרעין כהלכתן כהלכתן תנינא
17 Then say it is hirduf?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast.: a shrub or tree with bitter and stinging leaves, supposed to be rhododaphne, oleander.');"><sup>26</sup></span> -It is like unleavened bread:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To which it is placed in juxtaposition, ibid.');"><sup>25</sup></span> just as unleavened bread is a species of plant, so 'maror' means a species of plant. Then say it is harzipu?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Name of a bitter herb, not generally eaten.');"><sup>27</sup></span> - It must be like unleavened bread: just as unleavened bread is that which can be bought with second tithe money, so maror' is that which can be bought with second tithe money.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This excludes harzipu, for only what is generally eaten can be bought; v. Deut. XIV, 26: all the things enumerated there are normal victuals.');"><sup>28</sup></span> Rabbah son of R'Hanin said to Abaye: Say that maror means one [herb]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., the most bitter of all.');"><sup>29</sup></span> - Merorim [plural] is written. Then say that merorim means two? - It is like unleavened bread: just as unleavened bread [can be of] many species.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Mishnah Supra 35a.');"><sup>30</sup></span> so [can] maror [be of] many species. Rabbah son of R'Huna said in Rab's name: [Regarding] the herbs whereof the Sages ruled that a man can discharge his duty with them on Passover, they all may be sown in one garden bed. Is this to say that they are not [forbidden] on account of kil'ayim?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V.Glos.');"><sup>31</sup></span> Raba objected: [Lettuce] and willow lettuce, [garden] endives and wild endives, [garden] leeks and wild leeks, [garden] coriander and wild coriander, mustard and Egyptian mustard [and] the Egyptian gourd and the bitter gourd, - all these are not kil'ayim with one another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kil. I, 2.');"><sup>32</sup></span> [Thus] only lettuce with willow lettuce, but not lettuce with endives?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., these are heterogeneous.');"><sup>33</sup></span> And should you answer, They are all taught together, surely Rab said: He teaches them in pairs? What did Rab mean by 'they are sown'? They are sown according to their law.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., on the contrary, care must be taken not to sow them together, and when they are in one garden-bed the proper space must be left between the separate species.');"><sup>34</sup></span> [You say], 'According to their law'! but we [already) learned it: