Pesachim 87

לענין חמץ בפסח נמי

in the matter of leaven too?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There too he learns that there is a negative injunction in respect of the mixture of leaven; hence he should likewise assume that it refers to half all olive of each.');">¹</span> - That indeed is so; yet this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the particular mention of the burning of leaven on the altar.');">²</span>

אין הכי נמי ולאפוקי מדאביי דאמר יש הקטרה לפחות מכזית קמשמע לן דהקטרה לאו לפחות מכזית

is to reject [the ruling] of Abaye, who said, There is burning [on the altar] in respect of less than an olive;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if one burns less than an olive of leaven on the altar, he is culpable, since the leaven itself, whatever its quantity, involves punishment.');">³</span> therefore he informs us that there is no burning for less than an olive.

יתיב רב דימי וקאמר לה להא שמעתא אמר ליה אביי לרב דימי וכל איסורין שבתורה אין היתר מצטרף לאיסור

R'Dimi sat and reported this discussion. Said Abaye to R'Dimi: And [in] all [other] prohibitions of the Torah, does not a permitted commodity combine with a prohibited [commodity]?

והתנן המקפה של תרומה והשום והשמן של חולין ונגע טבול יום במקצתן פסל את כולן המקפה של חולין והשום והשמן של תרומה ונגע טבול יום במקצתן לא פסל אלא מקום מגעו בלבד

Surely we learned: If the mikpeh<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast.: a stiff mass of grist, oil and onions.');">⁴</span> is of terumah, while the garlic and the oil are of hullin, and a tebul yom touched part of it, he disqualifies all of it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A tebul yom (v. Glos.) disqualifies terumah. Since the main part of the dish is terumah, even the hullin too becomes unfit, because it is subsidiary to the terumah.');">⁵</span>

והוינן בה מקום מגעו אמאי פסולה הא בטלי להו תבלין ברוב ואמר רבה בר בר חנה מה טעם הואיל וזר לוקה עליהן בכזית היכי דמי לאו משום דהיתר מצטרף לאיסור

If the mikpeh is of hullin, while the garlic and the oil is of terumah, and a tebul yom touches part of it, he disqualifies only the place which he touches. Now we pondered thereon: why is the place where he touches unfit?

לא מאי כזית דאיכא כזית בכדי אכילת פרס

Surely the seasoning<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the garlic and oil.');">⁶</span> is nullified in the greater quantity?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As explained in n. 4, it is merely subsidiary to the main dish.');">⁷</span>

וכזית בכדי אכילת פרס דאורייתא היא א"ל אין

And Rabbah B'Bar Hanah answered: What is the reason? Because a lay Israelite is flagellated on its account for [eating] as much as an olive.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence it is not regarded as nullified, in spite of its subsidiary nature.');">⁸</span>

אי הכי אמאי פליגי רבנן עליה דר"א בכותח הבבלי

How is that conceivable?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' " when="" a="" lay="" israelite="" eats="" as="" much="" an="" olive="" of="" that="" dish,="" he="" has="" not="" eaten="" quantity="" terumah.="" why="" then="" is="" flagellated?');"="">⁹</span> Is it not because the permitted [commodity] combines with the forbidden [commodity]? - No: what does 'as much as an olive' mean: that there is as much as an olive within the time of eating half [a loaf].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if he eats as much as half a loaf of eight average eggs in size, this half constituting an average meal, within the time that the normal eater requires for a meal, he will have eaten as much as an olive of terumah, and for that he is culpable. [According to Maim. Yad 'Erubin,, half a loaf is equivalent to three average eggs].');">¹⁰</span>

אלא מאי משום דהיתר מצטרף לאיסור סוף סוף אמאי פליגי רבנן עליה דר"א בכותח הבבלי אלא הנח לכותח הבבלי דלית ביה כזית בכדי אכילת פרס אי בעיניה דקשריף וקאכיל ליה בטלה דעתיה אצל כל אדם ואי משטר קשטר ואכיל לית ביה כזית בכדי אכילת פרס

Is then 'as much as an olive within the time of eating half [a loaf]' Scriptural [standard]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That flagellation is incurred. - Flagellation is only imposed for the violation of a law of Scripture.');">¹¹</span> Yes, he answered him.

איתיביה שתי קדירות אחת של חולין ואחת של תרומה ולפניהן שתי מדוכות אחת של חולין ואחת של תרומה ונפלו אלו לתוך אלו מותרין שאני אומר תרומה לתוך התרומה נפלה וחולין לתוך חולין נפלו

If so, why do the Rabbis disagree with R'Eliezer in reference to Babylonian kutah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if flagellation is not incurred on account of the mixture, yet there too in a quantity of four eggs of');">¹²</span> - What then: [the reason is] because the permitted [commodity] combines with the prohibited commodity?

ואי אמרת כזית בכדי אכילת פרס דאורייתא אמאי אמרינן שאני אומר תרומה לתוך כו' א"ל הנח לתרומת תבלין דרבנן

Then after all why do the Rabbis differ from R'Eliezer in the matter of Babylonian kutah? But leave Babylonian kutah alone,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., do not ask a question from it.');">¹³</span>

איתיביה שתי קופות אחת של חולין ואחת של תרומה ולפניהם ב' סאין אחת של חולין ואחת של תרומה ונפלו אלו לתוך אלו מותרין שאני אומר חולין לתוך חולין נפלו תרומה לתוך תרומה נפלה ואי אמרת כזית בכדי אכילת פרס דאורייתא אמאי אמרינן שאני אומר

because it does not contain as much as an olive within the eating of half [a loaf]. [For] if [it is eaten] in its natural state,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., by itself, and not as a relish with something else.');">¹⁴</span>

אמר ליה הנח לתרומה בזמן הזה דרבנן

so that he gulps it down and eats it, we disregard such a fancy as being exceptional.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his mind is nullified by the side of every man. It is not considered eating, and therefore does not involve punishment. - Punishment is incurred only when forbidden, food is eaten in the normal way.');">¹⁵</span> While if he dips [bread] into it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi; Jast.: if he spreads it (on bread) .');">¹⁶</span>

והאי משרת להכי הוא דאתא האי מיבעי ליה לכדתניא משרת

and eats it, it does not contain as much as an olive within the time of eating half [a loaf]. He raised all objection against him: If there are two [stew] pots, one of hullin and the other of terumah, and in front of them are two mortars, one containing [condiments of] hullin and the other containing terumah, and the latter fell into the former, they are permitted,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The pot of hullin is permitted to a lay Israelite.');">¹⁷</span> for I assume: the terumah fell into the terumah, and the hullin fell into the hullin. Now if you say that as much as an olive within the [time of] eating half [a loaf] is a Biblical [standard],why do we say, 'for I assume, the terumah' etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For of course it might have been the reverse; how then can we make this lenient assumption when there is a doubt of a Scriptural prohibition?');">¹⁸</span> ? - Leave the terumah of condiments alone, he replied, which is [only] Rabbinical.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By Scriptural law no terumah is required for these; hence the entire prohibition in this case is only Rabbinical.');">¹⁹</span> He raised an objection against him: [If there are] two baskets, one containing hullin and the other containing terumah, and in front of them are two se'ah [of provisions], one of hullin and the other of terumah and these fell into those, they are permitted, for I assume: the hullin fell into hullin, [and] the terumah fell into the terumah. Now if you say that as much as an olive within the eating of half [a loaf] is a Scriptural [standard], why do we say, 'because I assume' [etc.]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. n. 6.');">²⁰</span> - Leave the terumah [set aside] kutah there is as much as an olive of leaven, and for that he should be liable. at the present time<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the destruction of the Temple.');">²¹</span> he answered him, which is only Rabbinical. Now does this [law of] the infusion [of grapes] come for this purpose?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Supra ');">²²</span> It is required for what was taught: 'An infusion':