Pesachim 91

לענין צירוף טומאה בפסח ובשאר ימות השנה איכא פלוגתא

IN RESPECT TO combining for UNCLEANNESS on Passover, whereas during the rest of the year there is a distinction. How is that? E.g. , if there are eatables less than an egg in quantity,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This being the minimum standard which can defile.');">¹</span>

היכי דמי כגון דאיכא פחות מכביצה אוכלין ונגעו בהאי בצק בפסח דאיסורו חשוב מצטרף בשאר ימות השנה דבקפידא תליא מילתא אם מקפיד עליו מצטרף אם רוצה בקיומו הרי הוא כעריבה

and they were in contact with this dough: on Passover, when its prohibition renders the dough important,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit.,'its prohibition is important .');">²</span> it combines.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With the eatables. I.e., the dough, if an olive in quantity, is important in so far as its prohibition necessitates its removal, and owing to this it combines with the eatables to the standard of an egg, whereby if unclean they can together defile other food.');">³</span>

מתקיף לה רבא מי קתני מצטרף והא חוצץ קתני אלא אמר רבא וכן להעלות טהרה לעריבה

[But] during the rest of the year, when the matter is dependent on [his] objecting, IF HE OBJECTS TO IT,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which gives it an importance.');">⁴</span> it combines; [while] IF HE DESIRES ITS PRESERVATION, IT IS LIKE THE KNEADING-TROUGH.

היכי דמי כגון דאיטמי הך עריבה ובעי לאטבולי בפסח דאיסורו חשוב חוצץ ולא סלקא לה טבילה בשאר ימות השנה בקפידא תליא מילתא אי מקפיד עליו חוצץ ואם רוצה בקיומו הרי הוא כעריבה

To this Raba demurred: Does he then teach, it combines; surely he teaches, IT INTERPOSES! Rather, said Raba: [The meaning is], AND IT IS LIKEWISE IN RESPECT TO cleaning<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'bringing it up' - from its uncleanness.');">⁵</span> the kneading-trough.

מתקיף לה רב פפא מי קתני וכן לענין טהרה הא לענין טומאה קתני אלא אמר רב פפא וכן לענין להוריד טומאה לעריבה

How is that? E.g. , if this kneading-trough became unclean, and he wishes to immerse it. On Passover, when its interdict [renders it] important, IT INTERPOSES, and the immersion is not efficacious for it.

היכי דמי כגון דנגע שרץ בהאי בצק בפסח דאיסורו חשוב חוצץ ולא נחתה לה טומאה בשאר ימות השנה דבקפידא תליא אם מקפיד עליו חוצץ אם רוצה בקיומו הרי הוא כעריבה:

But during the rest of the year the matter is dependent on his objecting: IF HE OBJECTS TO IT, IT INTERPOSES, WHILE IF HE DESIRES ITS PRESERVATION, IT IS LIKE THE KNEADING-TROUGH. To this R'Papa demurred: Does he teach, And it is likewise in respect to cleanness?

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> בצק החרש אם יש כיוצא בו שהחמיץ הרי זה אסור:

Surely he teaches, AND IT IS LIKEWISE IN RESPECT TO UNCLEANNESS! Rather, said R'Papa: [The meaning is], AND IT IS LIKEWISE IN RESPECT TO causing UNCLEANNESS to descend upon the kneading-trough. How so? E.g. , if a sherez touched this dough: on Passover, when its interdict [renders it] important, IT INTERPOSES,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the Sherez, (v. Glos.) and the trough.');">⁶</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אם אין שם כיוצא בו מהו א"ר אבהו אמר ר' שמעון בן לקיש כדי שילך אדם ממגדל נוניא לטבריא מיל

and uncleanness does not descend upon it;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The trough does not become unclean, for we do not regard the sherez, as having touched it.');">⁷</span> [but] during the rest of the year, when the matter is dependent on [his] objecting, IF HE OBJECTS TO IT, IT INTERPOSES; WHILE IF HE DESIRES ITS PRESERVATION, IT IS LIKE [i.e., identical with] THE KNEADING-TROUGH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the trough becomes unclean through the contact of the sherez with the dough.');">⁸</span>

ונימא מיל הא קמ"ל דשיעורא דמיל כממגדל נוניא ועד טבריא

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>[REGARDING] 'DEAF' DOUGH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An idiomatic expression: dough in which it is doubtful whether leavening has set in or not. Another reading: 'potsherd' dough, i.e., dough whose surface has gone hard and smooth and contains no splits, which are the usual signs of fermentation, and thus there is doubt.');">⁹</span> IF THERE IS [A DOUGH] SIMILAR TO IT WHICH HAS BECOME LEAVEN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., dough which was kneaded at the same time.');">¹⁰</span>

א"ר אבהו אמר רבי שמעון בן לקיש לגבל ולתפלה ולנטילת ידים ארבעה מילין

IT IS FORBIDDEN. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>What if there is no [dough] similar to it? - Said R'Abbahu in the name of R'Simeon B'Lakish: [The period for fermentation is] as long as it takes a man to walk from the Fish Tower [Migdal Nunia] to Tiberias, which is a mil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Two thousand cubits. This is generally regarded as an eighteen minutes' walk. If it is eighteen minutes since the dough was kneaded (before being set in the oven) , it is leaven.');">¹¹</span>

אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק אייבו אמרה וארבעה אמר בה וחדא מינייהו עבוד דתנן וכולן שעיבדן או שהילך בהן כדי עבודה טהורין חוץ מעור האדם וכמה כדי עבודה א"ר (אינייא) א"ר ינאי כדי הילוך ארבעה מילין

Then let him say a mil? - He informs us this, [viz. ,] that the standard of a mil is that from Migdal Nunia to Tiberias.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., that they are a mil apart.');">¹²</span> R'Abbahu said in the name of R'Simeon B'Lakish: For kneading, for prayer, and for washing the hands, [the standard is] four mils.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A paid kneader must go four mils to immerse the kneading vessels, if they are unclean. A man on a journey, when he wishes to stop for the night, must go on another four mils if there is a synagogue within that distance, to pray there. Similarly, he must go on four mils ahead to procure water for washing his hands prior to eating; but if no synagogue or water is available within that distance, he is not bound to undertake a longer journey.');">¹³</span>

א"ר יוסי ברבי חנינא לא שנו אלא לפניו אבל לאחריו אפילו מיל אינו חוזר אמר רב אחא ומינה מיל הוא דאינו חוזר הא פחות ממיל חוזר:

R'Nahman B'Isaac said: Aibu stated this,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the name of R. Simeon b. Lakish, and not R. Abbahu.');">¹⁴</span> and he stated four [laws] about it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not three; i.e., the three already mentioned and another.');">¹⁵</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> כיצד מפרישין חלה בטומאה ביו"ט

and one of them is tanning. For we learned: And all these, if he tanned them or trod on them to the extent of tanning,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hides were spread out to be trodden on, and this was part of the tanning process.');">¹⁶</span>

ר"א אומר לא תקרא לה שם עד שתאפה בן בתירא אומר תטיל בצונן א"ר יהושע

are clean,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Hul. ');">¹⁷</span> excepting a man's skin. And how much is 'the extent of tanning'? - Said R'Aibu in R'Jannai's name: The extent of walking four mils. R'Jose son of R'Hanina said: They learned this only [about going on] ahead: but [as for going] back, he need not return even a mil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., to procure water, etc.');">¹⁸</span> Said R'Aha: And from this [we deduce]: it is only a mil that he need not go back, but less than a mil he must go back. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>HOW DO WE SEPARATE HALLAH ON THE FESTIVAL [FROM DOUGH WHICH IS] IN [A STATE OF] UNCLEANNESS?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference is to Passover. Unclean hallah may not be eaten by the priest. Now this hallah may not be baked, since it cannot be eaten, and only the preparation of food is permitted on a Festival; it cannot be kept until evening, as it may turn leaven; nor may it be burnt or given to dogs, for sacred food must not be destroyed thus on a Festival. The actual Festival days are meant, i.e., the first and the last days (outside Palestine, the first two and the last two) , but not the Intermediate Days, which possess only a semi sanctity.');">¹⁹</span> R'ELIEZER SAID: IT MUST NOT BE DESIGNATED WITH THE NAME [OF HALLAH] UNTIL IT IS BAKED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the dough must first be baked, and then all the unleavened mazzoth are put in a basket, and one mazzah or so is declared hallah for all. Usually hallah must be separated from the dough, but when this is impossible, or if it was not done, it is separated from the baked bread.');">²⁰</span> THE SON OF BATHYRA SAID: LET IT [THE DOUGH] BE CAST INTO COLD WATER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the hallah must be separated from the dough in the usual way and placed in cold water until evening, to prevent it from fermenting.');">²¹</span> SAID A. JOSHUA: