Pesachim 94

ושביעית ביום טוב כהן ונזיר אבית הטומאה ואי אמרינן הואיל אחרישה לא ליחייב הואיל וחזי לכיסוי דם ציפור

and it is the seventh year, on a Festival, [and he is] a priest and a nazirite, [while this furrow is] in unclea ground.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Mak., Sonc. ed. p. 149, n. 1-9.');">¹</span> Now if we say 'since', let him not be liable for ploughing [on the Festival], since it is fit for cov the blood of a bird?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When a bird is slaughtered its blood must be covered, v. Lev. XVII, 13. This ploughing crushes the earth and makes it fit for that purpose, and since a bird might be slaughtered on the Festival, that too would be necessary.');">²</span>

א"ר פפא בר שמואל באבנים מקורזלות

- Said R'Papa B'Samuel: The reference is to smooth, round stones.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ploughing breaks up the earth into smooth, round lumps; these are not fit for covering the blood, for which crushed, dust-like earth is ,ukzruen ohbctc required. Rashi, however, merely reads: stones; v. Tosaf. s.v. .');">³</span> [But] they are fit for crushing?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And then be used for covering the blood.');">⁴</span>

ראויות לכותשן וכתישה ביום טוב מי שרי ראויות לכותשן כלאחר יד בצונמא

- Is then crushing permitted on the Festival?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely not.');">⁵</span> But they are fit for crushing in an unusual manner?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'as with the back of the hand'. Such a crushing is not Scripturally forbidden but merely as a Shebuth (v. Glos.) . That being so, flagellation, which is administered for the violation of a Scriptural prohibition, should not be incurred.');">⁶</span>

צונמא בר זריעה צונמא מלמעלה ועפר תיחוח מלמטה ותיפוק ליה משום עפר תיחוח

- The reference is to rocky ground.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Harder than ordinary stones; this cannot be crushed.');">⁷</span> Is then rocky ground capable of being sown? - It is rocky ground above, but powdered [loose] earth beneath.

אלא אמר מר בר רב אשי בטינא וטינא בר זריעה הוא במתונתא

Then deduce it [that he is not culpable] because of the loose earth?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This makes his action non-punishable.');">⁸</span> But said Mar the soil of R'Ashi: The reference is to clayey earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With which blood may not be covered.');">⁹</span>

איתיביה אביי המבשל גיד הנשה בחלב בי"ט ואוכלו לוקה חמש לוקה משום מבשל גיד ביום טוב ולוקה משום אוכל גיד ולוקה משום מבשל בשר בחלב ולוקה משום אוכל בשר בחלב ולוקה משום הבערה ואי אמרינן הואיל אהבערה לא ליחייב הואיל דחזי ליה לצרכו

And is clayey earth capable of being sown? - It refers to swampy earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is fit for sowing, yet cannot be crushed into dust for covering blood.');">¹⁰</span> Abaye raised an objection against him:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Against Rabbah.');">¹¹</span>

אמר ליה אפיק הבערה ועייל גיד הנשה של נבילה

He who cooks the thigh sinew<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which may not be eaten, v. Gen. XXXII, 32.');">¹²</span> on a Festival and eats it is flagellated five times.

והתני רבי חייא לוקין שתים על אכילתו ושלש על בישולו ואי איתא שלש על אכילתו מיבעי ליה

He is flagellated on account of cooking the sinew on a Festival;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is a forbidden labour, since it is not the preparation of food which may be eaten.');">¹³</span> he is flagellated on account of eating the sinew; he is flagellated for cooking meat in milk; he is flagellated for eating meat [cooked] in milk;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are two separate offences.');">¹⁴</span>

אלא אפיק הבערה ועייל עצי מוקצה

and he is flagellated on account of lighting [a fire].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is likewise prohibited on a Festival, save when required for cooking permitted food, v. Bez. 12a.');">¹⁵</span> But if we say, 'since', let him not b liable on account of lighting, since it is fit for him for his [legitimate] needs? - Said he to him, Omit lighti and substitute the thigh sinew of a nebelah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it was the thigh sinew of a nebelah, and he is flagellated for eating nebelah.');">¹⁶</span>

ומוקצה דאורייתא הוא א"ל אין דכתיב (שמות טז, ה) והיה ביום הששי והכינו את אשר יביאו ואזהרתה מהכא (שמות כ, ט) מלא תעשה כל מלאכה

But R'Hiyya taught: He is flagellated twice for his eating and thrice for his cooking; now if this is correct,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the proposed emendation.');">¹⁷</span> he should say, thrice for his eating? - Rather, omit lighting and substitute the wood of mukzeh.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Glos. this may not be handled on Festivals. - He is thus flagellated not for lighting but for putting it to use.');">¹⁸</span>

א"ל והא את הוא דאמרת בעאי מיניה מרב חסדא ואמרי לה בעאי מיניה מרב הונא הביא שה מאפר ושחטו תמיד ביו"ט מהו

And is mukzeh a Scriptural [interdict]? - Yes, he replied, for it is written, And it shall come to pass on the sixth day that they shall prepare that which they bring in;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XVI, 5. This teaches that only what is 'prepared', as opposed to mukzeh, may be handled on Sabbaths and Festivals.');">¹⁹</span> and its 'warning' [injunction] is [learnt] from here, [viz. ,] from, thou shalt not do any manner of work.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XX, 10. Flagellation is administered only for the violation of a negative injunction, not an affirmative precept. The first verse quoted belongs to the latter category, hence the second verse must be added. Thus, since the use of mukzeh is forbidden by the first verse, making a fire with it is all ordinary labour forbidden by the second. - Though the second verse refers to the Sabbath, whereas we are here treating of the Festival, these two are alike in respect to work, save that the preparation of food is permitted on Festivals, but not on the Sabbath. Once however it is shown that a particular action is forbidden, it does not matter whether it is the Sabbath or a Festival.');">²⁰</span>

ואת אמרת לן (אמר לי) עלה שה ולא הבכור

Said he to him, But it was you who said,I asked of R'Hisda, - others state, I asked of R'Huna: What if he brought a lamb from the meadow<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Outside the town. Animals that graze there are brought home (i.e., into town) only' at intervals, not every evening, and therefore they are mukzeh, and may not be slaughtered on Festivals unless designated for that purpose on the eve of the Festivals.');">²¹</span> and slaughtered it as a continual burnt-offering<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Num. XXVIII, 3.');">²²</span>

אחת ולא מעשר

on a Festival?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' May it be offered?');">²³</span> And you said to us: He answered me, [It is written], And a lamb,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XLV, 15, whence the whole verse which follows is quoted.');">²⁴</span>

מן הצאן ולא הפלגס

[implying], but not a firstling;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A 'lamb' implies both male and female, whereas a firstling applies only to males.');">²⁵</span> one, but not the tithe;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the tithe of animals cannot be dedicated for a daily burnt-offering. 'One' implies that it stands by itself, whereas the tithe is one out of ten. acf kht');">²⁶</span> of the flock, this is to exclude a palges;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A sheep beyond the age of (lamb) and below that of (ram) . - Jast.; i.e., a sheep in it thirteenth month. 'Of' is partitive and implies limitation.');">²⁷</span>