Pesachim 97

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ארבעה עשר שחל להיות בשבת מבערין את הכל מלפני השבת דברי ר"מ וחכמים אומרים בזמנו ר"א בר צדוק אומר תרומה מלפני השבת וחולין בזמנן:

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF THE FOURTEENTH [OF NISAN] FALLS ON THE SABBATH, EVERYTHING MUST BE REMOVED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., destroyed.');">¹</span> BEFORE THE SABBATH:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Save what is required for the Sabbath itself.');">²</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תניא ר"א בר צדוק אומר פעם אחת שבת אבא ביבנה וחל ארבעה עשר להיות בשבת ובא זונין ממונה של ר"ג ואמר הגיע עת לבער את החמץ והלכתי אחר אבא וביערנו את החמץ:

THIS IS R'MEIR'S VIEW; WHILE THE SAGES MAINTAIN: [IT MUST BE REMOVED] AT ITS [USUAL] TIME;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the morning of the fourteenth.');">³</span> R'ELEAZAR B. ZADOK SAID: TERUMAH [MUST BE REMOVED] BEFORE THE SABBATH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because if any is left over none can eat it; neither zarim nor cattle.');">⁴</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ההולך לשחוט את פסחו ולמול את בנו ולאכול סעודת אירוסין בבית חמיו ונזכר שיש לו חמץ בתוך ביתו אם יכול לחזור ולבער ולחזור למצותו יחזור ויבער ואם לאו מבטלו בלבו

AND HULLIN AT ITS [USUAL] TIME.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because it is easy to find eaters for it.');">⁵</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>It was taught, R'Eleazar B'Zadok said: My father once spent a week in Yabneh,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The famous town to the north-west of Jerusalem, seat of R. Johanan b. Zakkai's academy and Sanhedrin after the destruction of Jerusalem.');">⁶</span>

להציל מן הנכרים ומן הנהר ומן הלסטים ומן הדליקה ומן המפולת יבטל בלבו ולשבות שביתת הרשות יחזור מיד

when the fourteenth fell on the Sabbath, and there came Zonin, R'Gamaliel's deputy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The superintendent of the Academy.');">⁷</span> and announced: 'The time has come to remove the leaven', and I followed my father and we removed the leaven.

וכן מי שיצא מירושלים ונזכר שיש בידו בשר קדש אם עבר צופים שורפו במקומו ואם לאו חוזר ושורפו לפני הבירה מעצי המערכה

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>HE WHO ON HIS WAY<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'is going'.');">⁸</span> TO SLAUGHTER HIS PASSOVER SACRIFICE OR TO CIRCUMCISE HIS SON<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In ancient days and until comparatively recently this was done in the Synagogue.');">⁹</span>

ועד כמה הן חוזרין ר"מ אומר זה וזה בכביצה ר' יהודה אומר זה וזה בכזית וחכמים אומרים בשר קדש בכזית וחמץ בכביצה:

OR TO DINE AT A BETROTHAL<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Erusin denotes the first stage of marriage, v. Glos.');">¹⁰</span> FEAST AT THE HOUSE OF HIS FATHER-IN-LAW, AND RECOLLECTS THAT HE HAS LEAVEN AT HOME, IF HE IS ABLE TO GO BACK, REMOVE [IT], AND [THEN] RETURN TO HIS RELIGIOUS DUTY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He himself being the bridegroom. A 'betrothal feast' is considered a religious duty, v. GEMARA:');">¹¹</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ורמינהו ההולך לאכול סעודת אירוסין בבית חמיו ולשבות שביתת הרשות יחזור מיד

HE MUST GO BACK AND REMOVE [IT]; BUT IF NOT, HE ANNULS IT IN HIS HEART. [IF HE IS ON HIS WAY] TO SAVE [PEOPLE] FROM HEATHENS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: Jews who are being pursued.');">¹²</span>

א"ר יוחנן לא קשיא הא ר' יהודה הא רבי יוסי דתניא סעודת אירוסין רשות דברי ר' יהודה רבי יוסי אומר מצוה

OR FROM A RIVER OR FROM BRIGANDS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec.: a robber band.');">¹³</span> OR FROM A FIRE OR FROM A COLLAPSE [OF A BUILDING], HE ANNULS IT IN HIS HEART.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If 'robber band' is read before, this must be deleted. Even if there is time to return, he must not go back.');">¹⁴</span>

והשתא דאמר רב חסדא מחלוקת בסעודה שניה אבל בסעודה ראשונה דברי הכל מצוה אפילו תימא הא והא ר' יהודה ולא קשיא הא בסעודה ראשונה הא בסעודה שניה

[BUT IF] TO APPOINT A SABBATH STATION FOR A VOLUNTARY [SECULAR] PURPOSE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath a man must not go more than two thousand cubits beyond the town boundary; this outside limit is called the tehum. But before the Sabbath commences he can appoint any spot within the tehum as the station where he will spend the Sabbath, and then he may proceed two thousand cubits beyond that spot; he does that by taking some food to the place, which he will eat on the Sabbath.');">¹⁵</span> HE MUST RETURN IMMEDIATELY.

תניא אמר רבי יהודה אני לא שמעתי אלא סעודת אירוסין אבל לא סבלונות אמר לו ר' יוסי אני שמעתי סעודת אירוסין וסבלונות

SIMILARLY, HE WHO WENT OUT OF JERUSALEM AND RECOLLECTED THAT HE HAD HOLY FLESH WITH HIM,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Holy flesh, if taken without Jerusalem, becomes unfit and must be burnt.');">¹⁶</span> IF HE HAS PASSED SCOPUS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An eminence northeast of Jerusalem, whence the Temple can be seen. To-day it is the site of the Hebrew University.');">¹⁷</span>

תניא רבי שמעון אומר כל סעודה שאינה של מצוה אין תלמיד חכם רשאי להנות ממנה

HE BURNS IT WHERE HE IS;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And need not return to Jerusalem.');">¹⁸</span> BUT IF NOT, HE RETURNS AND BURNS IT IN FRONT OF THE TEMPLE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Birah. This is variously explained in Zeb. ');">¹⁹</span>

כגון מאי א"ר יוחנן כגון בת כהן לישראל ובת תלמיד חכם לעם הארץ דא"ר יוחנן בת כהן לישראל אין זווגן עולה יפה

WITH THE WOOD OF THE [ALTAR] PILE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., wood arranged in a pile for use on the altar. - V. Supra 24a.');">²⁰</span> AND FOR WHAT [QUANTITY] MUST THEY RETURN?

מאי היא אמר רב חסדא או אלמנה או גרושה או זרע אין לה במתניתא תנא קוברה או קוברתו או מביאתו לידי עניות

R'MEIR SAID: FOR BOTH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. leaven and sacred flesh.');">²¹</span> WHEN THERE IS AS MUCH AS AN EGG; R'JUDAH SAID: FOR BOTH, WHEN THERE IS AS MUCH AS AN OLIVE; BUT THE SAGES RULE: HOLY FLESH, [THE STANDARD IS] AS MUCH AS AN OLIVE; WHILE LEAVEN, [THE STANDARD IS] AS MUCH AS AN EGG.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are the minima for which one must return.');">²²</span>

איני והא א"ר יוחנן הרוצה שיתעשר ידבק בזרעו של אהרן כל שכן שתורה וכהונה מעשרתן לא קשיא הא בת"ח הא בעם הארץ

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>But the following contradicts it: He who is on his way to partake of a betrothal feast in his father-in-law's house or to appoint a Sabbath station for a voluntary purpose must return immediately? Said R'Johanan, There is no difficulty: one is [according to] R'Judah: the other is [according to] R'Jose.

ר' יהושע נסיב כהנתא חלש אמר לא ניחא ליה לאהרן דאדבק בזרעיה דהוי ליה חתנא כי אנא

For it taught: The betrothal feast is a voluntary [function]; this is R'Judah's view. R'Jose said: It is a religious [function].

רב אידי בר אבין נסיב כהנתא נפקו מיניה תרי בני סמיכי רב ששת בריה דרב אידי ור' יהושע בריה דרב אידי אמר ר"פ אי לא נסיבנא כהנתא לא איעתרי

But now that R'Hisda said: The controversy is in respect of the second feast,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the betrothal the bridegroom (arus) sent gifts to his bride, in connection with which there was a second feast at the father-in-law's house.');">²³</span> but in respect to the first feast all agree that it is a religious [function], you may even say [that] both are [according to] R'Judah, yet there is no difficulty; one refers to the first feast, while the other refers to the second feast.

אמר רב כהנא אי לא נסיבנא כהנתא לא גלאי אמרו ליה והא למקום תורה גלית לא גלאי כדגלי אינשי

It was taught, R'Judah said: I have heard only of the betrothal feast,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As being a religious function.');">²⁴</span> but not of [the feast in connection with] espousal gifts.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Siblonoth.');">²⁵</span>

אמר רבי יצחק כל הנהנה מסעודת הרשות לסוף גולה שנא' (עמוס ו, ד) ואוכלים כרים מצאן ועגלים מתוך מרבק וכתיב לכן עתה יגלו בראש גולים:

Said R'Jose to him: I have heard of [both] the feast of betrothal and [that] of espousa gifts. It was taught, R'Simeon said: Every feast which is not in connection with a religious deed, a scholar must derive no enjoyment thereof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., must not partake of it.');">²⁶</span>

ת"ר כל ת"ח המרבה סעודתו בכל מקום סוף מחריב את ביתו ומאלמן את אשתו ומייתם את גוזליו ותלמודו משתכח ממנו ומחלוקות רבות באות עליו ודבריו אינם נשמעים ומחלל שם שמים ושם רבו ושם אביו וגורם שם רע לו ולבניו ולבני בניו עד סוף כל הדורות

What, for instance? - Said R'Johanan: E.g. , [the feast at the betrothal of] th daughter of a priest to an Israelite,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a non-priest. She blemishes her family by marrying beneath her.');">²⁷</span> or the daughter of a scholar to an ignoramus.

מאי היא אמר אביי קרו ליה בר מחים תנורי רבא אמר בר מרקיד בי כובי רב פפא אמר בר מלחיך פינכי רב שמעיה אמר בר מך רבע:

For R'Johanan said: If the daughter of a priest [marries] an Israelite, their union will not be auspicious. What is it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In what respect will it be unfortunate?');">²⁸</span>

ת"ר לעולם ימכור אדם כל מה שיש לו וישא בת ת"ח שאם מת או גולה מובטח לו שבניו ת"ח ואל ישא בת ע"ה שאם מת או גולה בניו ע"ה

Said R'Hisda: [She will be] either a widow or a divorced woman, or she will have no seed [children].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: because it is written, And if a priest's daughter be married unto a common man, which is followed by, But if a priest's daughter be a widow, or divorced, and have no child (Lev. XXII, 12f) . - Hence such a union was looked upon with disfavour, and R. Johanan maintains that the feast is not a true religious one.');">²⁹</span> In a Baraitha it was taught: He will bury her or she will bury him, or she will reduce him to poverty.

ת"ר לעולם ימכור אדם כל מה שיש לו וישא בת ת"ח וישיא בתו לת"ח משל לענבי הגפן בענבי הגפן דבר נאה ומתקבל ולא ישא בת עם הארץ משל לענבי הגפן בענבי הסנה דבר כעור

But that is not so, for R'Johanan said: he who desires to become wealthy, let him cleave to the seed of Aaron, [for it is all the more] that the Torah and the priesthood will enrich them? - There is no difficulty: one refers to a scholar;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If a scholar marries into a priestly family he brings honour upon it.');">³⁰</span> the other refers to an 'am ha-arez.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">³¹</span> R'Joshua married a priest's daughter. Falling sick, he said, Aaron is not pleased that I should cleave to h seed [and] possess a son-an-law like myself. R'Idi b Abin married a priest's daughter, and there came forth from him two ordained sons - R'Shesheth the son of R'Idi and R'Joshua the son of R'Idi. R'Papa said: Had I not married a priest's daughter, I would not have become wealthy.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He was a wealthy brewer.');">³²</span> R'Kahana said: Had I not married a priest's daughter, I had not gone into exile.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From my home in Babylonia to Palestine; v. B.K. 117a.');">³³</span> Said they to him, But you were exiled to a place of learning! - I was not exiled as people are [generally] exiled.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Voluntarily; but I had to flee.');">³⁴</span> R'Isaac said: Whoever partakes of a secular feast eventually goes into exile, for it is said, and [ye that] the lambs out of the flock, and the calves out of the midst of the stall; and it is written, therefore now shall they go captive at the head of them that go captive.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Amos VI, 4, 7.');">³⁵</span> Our Rabbis taught: Every scholar who feasts much in every place eventually destroys his home, widows his wife, orphans his young, forgets his learning,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his learning is forgotten from him'.');">³⁶</span> and becomes involved in many quarrels;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'come upon him'.');">³⁷</span> his words are unheeded, and he desecrates the Name of Heaven and the name of his teacher and the name of his father, and he causes an evil name for himself, his children, and his childrens' children until the end of time.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'until the end of all generations'. - His fondness for feasting elsewhere leads him to do the same in his own home, and to make it possible he must sell his furniture, etc. Seeing himself on the road to ruin, he wanders into exile, leaving his wife and children, widowed and orphaned, he wastes his time, so forgets his learning. This involves him in disputes on learning. Or, his poverty involves him in disputes with tradesmen because he cannot settle his bills. Again, the banqueting table itself is a fruitful source of quarrels (Rashi and Maharsha) .');">³⁸</span> What is it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How does he bring his name etc., into contempt?');">³⁹</span> Said Abaye: He is called, a heater of ovens. Raba said: A tavern dancer! R'Papa said: A plate licker. R'Sheimaiah said: A folder [of garments] and a man who lies down [to sleep].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he is, being too drunk to go home. - Or, the son of a heater of ovens etc., with reference to his children. The translation follows rc Maharsha, bar () being understood as 'a man who'. The alternative is Rashi's.');">⁴⁰</span> Our Rabbis taught: Let a man always sell all he has and marry the daughter of a scholar, for if he dies or goes into exile, he is assured that his children will be scholars. But let him not marry the daughter of an 'am ha-arez, for if he dies or goes into exile, his children will be 'amme ha-arez. Our Rabbis taught: Let a man always sell all he has and marry the daughter of a scholar, and marry his daughter to a scholar. This may be compared to [the grafting of] grapes of a vine with grapes of a vine, [which is] a seemly and acceptable thing. But let him not marry the daughter of an 'am ha-arez; this may be compared to [the grafting of] grapes of a vine with berries of a thorn bush, [which is] a repulsive