Rosh Hashanah 54

ניקב וסתמו אם מעכב את התקיעה פסול ואם לאו כשר התוקע לתוך הבור או לתוך הדות או לתוך הפיטס אם קול שופר שמע יצא ואם קול הברה שמע לא יצא

IF A HOLE IN A SHOFAR HAS BEEN STOPPED UP, IF IT INTERFERES WITH THE BLOWING IT IS NOT VALID, BUT OTHERWISE IT IS VALID.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Talmud Yerushalmi reads here, 'If it (the hole) interfered with the blowing before it was closed, the shofar is not valid after it was closed'. cehb Our version, however, rather implies that if the stoppage restores the shofar to its original condition, it may be used. V. Tosaf. s.v. ,us');">¹</span> IF ONE BLOWS INTO A PIT OR A CISTERN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. , a pit faced with cement.');">²</span>

וכן מי שהיה עובר אחורי בית הכנסת או שהיה ביתו סמוך לבית הכנסת ושמע קול שופר או קול מגילה אם כוון לבו יצא ואם לאו לא יצא אע"פ שזה שמע וזה שמע זה כוון לבו וזה לא כוון לבו:

OR A BARREL, IF HE CAN HEAR THE SOUND OF THE SHOFAR [PURE] HE HAS PERFORMED HIS DUTY, BUT IF HE HEARS THE ECHO [ALSO], HE HAS NOT PERFORMED HIS DUTY. SIMILARLY IF ONE WAS PASSING BEHIND A SYNAGOGUE OR IF HIS HOUSE WAS ADJOINING THE SYNAGOGUE AND HE HEARD THE SOUND OF THE SHOFAR OR OF THE MEGILLAH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנו רבנן ארוך וקצרו כשר גרדו והעמידו על גלדו כשר ציפהו זהב במקום הנחת פה פסול שלא במקום הנחת פה כשר ציפהו זהב מבפנים פסול מבחוץ אם נשתנה קולו מכמות שהיה פסול ואם לאו כשר

[BEING READ], IF HE LISTENS WITH ATTENTION<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'if he applies his heart'.');">⁴</span> HE PERFORMS THE RELIGIOUS PRECEPT [BY SO HEARING], BUT OTHERWISE HE DOES NOT; ALTHOUGH ONE HEARS EQUALLY WITH THE OTHER, [YET THERE IS A DIFFERENCE, BECAUSE] THE ONE LISTENED WITH ATTENTION WHILE THE OTHER DID NOT LISTEN WITH ATTENTION.

ניקב וסתמו אם מעכב את התקיעה פסול ואם לאו כשר נתן שופר בתוך שופר אם קול פנימי שמע יצא ואם קול חיצון שמע לא יצא

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Our Rabbis taught: 'If the horn was too long and it has been shortened, it is valid. If it has been scraped till it becomes thin like a wafer,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he reduced it to its coating'. uvpm');">⁵</span>

ת"ר גרדו בין מבפנים בין מבחוץ כשר גרדו והעמידו על גלדו כשר הניח שופר בתוך שופר אם קול פנימי שמע יצא ואם קול חיצון שמע לא יצא הפכו ותקע בו לא יצא

it is valid. If it is overlaid at the spot where the mouth is applied is not valid, if not at the spot where the mouth is applied,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This apparently means, on the top opposite the exact spot to which the mouth is applied. V. Tosaf. s.v.');">⁶</span>

אמר רב פפא לא תימא דהפכיה ככתונא אלא שהרחיב את הקצר וקיצר את הרחב מ"ט כדרב מתנה דאמר רב מתנה (ויקרא כה, ט) והעברת דרך העברתו בעינן:

it is valid. If it is overlaid with gold on the ins it is not valid,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the blast is then made by gold.');">⁷</span>

דיבק שברי שופרות פסול: ת"ר הוסיף עליו כל שהוא בין במינו בין שלא במינו פסול ניקב וסתמו בין במינו בין שלא במינו פסול ר' נתן אומר במינו כשר שלא במינו פסול

if on the outside, if the sound is thereby changed from what it was before, it is not valid, bu otherwise it is valid. If it had a hole which has been stopped up, if this interferes with the blast it is not v but otherwise it is valid.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra n. 1. ot');">⁸</span>

במינו כשר אמר רבי יוחנן והוא שנשתייר רובו מכלל דשלא במינו אע"פ שנשתייר רובו פסול

If one shofar is put inside another shofar, if one can hear the sound of the inner on he thereby performs his religious duty, but if he hears the sound of the outer one he does not thereby perform his religious duty.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because as the sound comes from the air between the two shofars, it is as if made by two or three shofars. V. Tosaf. s.v. .');">⁹</span> Our Rabbis taught: If it was scraped whether on the inside or the outside, it is valid.

איכא דמתני לה אסיפא שלא במינו פסול א"ר יוחנן והוא שנפחת רובו מכלל דבמינו אע"פ שנפחת רובו כשר

If it was scraped ti became [thin like] a wafer, it is valid. If one shofar is placed within another, if one hears the sound of the inner one he thereby performs his religious duty, but if he hears the sound of the outer one he does not thereby perform his religious duty.

ציפהו זהב מבפנים פסול מבחוץ אם נשתנה קולו מכמות שהיה פסול ואם לאו כשר נסדק לאורכו פסול לרוחבו אם נשתייר בו שיעור תקיעה כשר ואם לאו פסול

If he turns it inside out<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By means of softening it with hot water. ,rcgvu');">¹⁰</span> and blows it, he does not thereby perform his religious duty.

וכמה שיעור תקיעה פירש רשב"ג כדי שיאחזנו בידו ויראה לכאן ולכאן היה קולו דק או עבה או צרוד כשר שכל הקולות כשירין [בשופר]

Said R'Papa: Do not take this to mean [merely], 'if he turned it inside out like a coat', but even if he widened the narrow part and narrowed the wide part. What is the reason? - As stated by R'Mattenah; for R'Mattenah said: And thou shalt carry along:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXV, 9. E.V. Then shalt thou make proclamation with. Lit., 'cause to pass'.');">¹¹</span>

שלחו ליה לאבוה דשמואל קדחו ותקע בו יצא פשיטא כולהו נמי מיקדח קדחו להו

we require [the horn to be] of the shape in which it is carried along.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the ram when alive.');">¹²</span> Our Rabbis taught: 'If the least quantity is added to it whether of its own material or of another material, is not valid.

אמר רב אשי שקדחו בזכרותו מהו דתימא מין במינו חוצץ קמ"ל:

If there was a hole in it and it is stopped up, whether with its own material or another material, it is not valid. R'Nathan, however, says, if with its own material it is valid, but if with another material it not valid'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The quotation is here interrupted with a gloss on the last clause.');">¹³</span>

התוקע לתוך הבור או לתוך הדות כו': אמר רב הונא לא שנו אלא לאותן העומדים על שפת הבור אבל אותן העומדין בבור יצאו

'If with its own material it is valid': Said R'Johanan: This is the case only if the greater part the original is left. From this we infer that if it is stopped with another material, even though the greater pa of the original was left it may not be used.

תניא נמי הכי התוקע לתוך הבור או לתוך הדות יצא והתנן לא יצא אלא לאו שמע מינה כדרב הונא ש"מ

Some attach R'Johanan's remark to the latter clause: 'If with another material it is not valid': Said R'Johanan: This is the case only if the greater part of the original wa removed. From this we infer that if the stoppage is made with the same material, even though the greater part of the original is gone it is valid.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The quotation from the Baraitha is here resumed.');">¹⁴</span>

איכא דרמי להו מירמא תנן התוקע לתוך הבור או לתוך הדות לא יצא והתניא יצא אמר רב הונא לא קשיא כאן לאותן העומדין על שפת הבור כאן לאותן העומדין בבור

'If it was overlaid with gold on the inside it is not valid, if on th outside, if its sound becomes different from what it was before, it is not valid, but otherwise it is valid. If split lengthwise it is not valid, but if breadthwise, if enough is left to produce a blast it is valid, but otherwise it is not valid.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The quotation is again interrupted.');">¹⁵</span>

אמר רבה

How much is enough to produce a blast? - R'Simeon B'Gamaliel explained: Enough to allow of it being held in the hand and leaving something showing on either side.' If its sound is thin or thick or dry, it is valid, since all sounds emitted by a shofar can pass muster',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'are valid'.');">¹⁶</span> They sent to inform the father of Samuel: If one pierced it [the horn] and blew with it, he has performed hi religious duty. Is not this obvious? All shofars are pierced!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the horn is pierced to make a shofar.');">¹⁷</span> - R'Ashi explained: [It means], if he pierced the inset bone.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A bone which grows from the animal's head inside the horn, and which is usually removed to make the shofar.');">¹⁸</span> You might think that although it is of the same material it makes a partition; we are therefore told [that this is not so]. IF ONE BLOWS INTO A PIT OR A CISTERN etc. R'Huna said: This rule applies only to those standing on the edge of the pit, but those standing in the pit perform their religious duty thereby. It has been taught to the same effect: 'If one blows into a pit or a cistern, he performs his religious duty'. But have we not learnt, HE DOES NOT PERFORM HIS RELIGIOUS DUTY? You must therefore understand it in the sense of R'Huna's dictum. Some put the two statements in opposition, [thus]: We have learnt, IF ONE BLOWS INTO A PIT OR A CISTERN HE DOES NOT PERFORM HIS RELIGIOUS DUTY. But has it not been taught, 'He does perform his religious duty'? - R'Huna replied: There is no contradiction; the one statement speaks of those standing on the edge of the pit, the other of those standing in the pit. Rabbah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. Raba.');">¹⁹</span> said: