Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Rosh Hashanah 7

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1

(עזרא ו, ט) ומה חשחן ובני תורין ודכרין ואמרין לעלון לאלה שמיא חנטין מלח חמר ומשח כמאמר כהניא די בירושלם להוא מתיהב להם יום ביום די לא שלו אמר לו רבי יצחק רבי מטונך די להון מהקרבין ניחוחין לאלה שמיא ומצלין לחיי מלכא ובנוהי

And that which they have need of, both young bullocks and rams and lambs, for burnt-offerings to the God of heaven, wheat, salt, wine and oil, according to the word of the priests that are in Jerusalem, let it be give them day by day without fail?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezra, VI, 9.');"><sup>1</sup></span> - Said R'Isaac to him: [Here is something] out of your own package:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the next words in the same passage confute you.');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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2

ומאן דעבד הכי לאו מעליותא היא והתניא האומר סלע זו לצדקה בשביל שיחיו בני ובשביל שאזכה בה לחיי העולם הבא הרי זה צדיק גמור

That they may offer sacrifices of sweet savour unto the God of heaven, and pray for the life of the king and of his sons.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which would show that his motives were not pure.');"><sup>3</sup></span> But even so, is not the action still a meritorious one, seeing that it has been taught: 'If a man says, offer this sela' for charity in order that my children may live and in order that through it I may merit the future world, he may still be a wholly righteous man? ' - There is no contradiction; this statement applies to Israelites, there we speak of heathens.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore the king's action was not meritorious. [Heathens are assumed to regret the good deed should the attached condition not be realized (Rashi and Tosaf.) ].');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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3

לא קשיא כאן בישראל כאן בעובדי כוכבים

Alternatively I may say that we know he deteriorated because it is written, with three rows of great stories and a row of new timber, and let the expenses be given out of the king's house.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezra, VI, 4. These words occur in the rescript issued by the first Cyrus authorizing the building of the Temple. We must suppose therefore that lcsbu Darius intended at first to allow them to build it wholly of stone, but on consulting the rescript changed his mind. V. Tosaf. s.v.');"><sup>5</sup></span> Why did he make these conditions?

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4

ואיבעית אימא מנלן דאחמיץ דכתיב (עזרא ו, ד) נדבכין די אבן גלל תלתא ונדבך די אע חדת ונפקתא מן בית מלכא תתיהב למה ליה דעבד הכי סבר אי מרדו בי יהודאי איקלייה בנורא

He thought to himself, If the Jews revolt against me, I will burn it with fire. But did not Solomon do the same thing, as it is written, three rows of hewn stone and a row of cedar beams?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Kings, VI, 36.');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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5

אטו שלמה לא עבד הכי והכתיב (מלכים א ו, לו) שלשה טורי גזית וטור כרתות ארזים שלמה עבד מלמעלה ואיהו עבד מלמטה שלמה שקעיה בבנינא איהו לא שקעיה בבנינא שלמה סדייה בסידא איהו לא סדייה בסידא

- Solomon placed the wood above and he placed it below; Solomon sunk it in the building and he did not sink it in the building; Solomon plastered it over and he did not plaster it over. R'Joseph, (or, as some say, R'Isaac) said: Whence do we know that he deteriorated?

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6

(אמר) רב יוסף ואיתימא רבי יצחק מנלן דאחמיץ מהכא (נחמיה ב, ו) ויאמר לי המלך והשגל יושבת אצלו מאי שגל אמר רבה בר לימא משמיה דרב כלבתא

From here: And the king said unto me, the shegal also sitting by hint.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. II, 6.');"><sup>7</sup></span> What is 'shegal'?

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7

אלא מעתה הא דכתיב (דניאל ה, כג) ועל מרא שמיא התרוממת ולמאנייא די ביתיה היתיו קדמך ואנת ורברבניך שגלתך ולחנתך חמרא שתין בהון ואי שגל כלבתא היא כלבתא בת משתיא חמרא היא הא לא קשיא דמלפא לה ושתייא

Rabbah B'Lema said In the name of Rab, a she-dog.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For immoral purposes.');"><sup>8</sup></span> But if that is so, what are we to make of the verse, But hast lifted up thyself against the Lo of heaven, and they have brought the vessels of His house before thee, and thou and thy lords, thy shegaloth and thy concubines have drunk wine in them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dan. V, 23.');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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8

אלא מעתה דכתיב (תהלים מה, י) בנות מלכים ביקרותיך נצבה שגל לימינך בכתם אופיר ואי שגל כלבתא היא מאי קא מבשר להו נביא לישראל הכי קאמר בשכר שחביבה תורה לישראל כשגל לעובדי כוכבים זכיתם לכתם אופיר

Now how can 'shegal' here be a dog? Do dogs drink wine? - This is no difficulty, as [we can suppose that] it was taught to drink.

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9

ואיבע"א לעולם שגל מלכתא היא ורבה בר לימא גמרא גמיר לה ואמאי קרי לה שגל שהיתה חביבה עליו כשגל אי נמי שהושיבה במקום שגל

But what of the verse where it is written, Kings' daughters are among thy favourites, at thy right hand doth stand the shegal in gold of Ophir?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. XLV, 10.');"><sup>10</sup></span> Now if 'shegal' is a dog, what promise is the prophet bringing to Israel? - What he means is this: Because the Torah is as dear to Israel as a 'shegal' to the heathens, you have earned as your reward the gold of Ophir.

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10

איבעית אימא מנלן דאחמיץ מהכא (עזרא ז, כב) עד כסף ככרין מאה ועד חנטין כורין מאה ועד חמר בתין מאה ועד בתין משח מאה ומלח די לא כתב וגו' מעיקרא בלא קיצותא והשתא בקיצותא

Alternatively I may say that 'shegal' does as a rule mean 'queen', but in this case Rabbah B'Lema had a tradition [that it means 'dog'], and the reason why [in the text] it is called 'shegal' is because it was dear to him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Artaxerxes.');"><sup>11</sup></span> as a queen; or, possibly, because he put it on the queen's seat.

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11

ודילמא מעיקרא לא הוה קים ליה בקיצותא אלא מחוורתא כדשניין מעיקרא:

Alternatively I may say that we know he deteriorated from here: Unto a hundred talents of silver and to a hundred measures of wheat and to a hundred baths of wine and salt without prescribing how much.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezra VII, 22, referring to the appropriations for the builders of the Temple.');"><sup>12</sup></span> At first there was no limit, but now he made a limit.

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12

ולרגלים: רגלים באחד בניסן הוא בחמשה עשר בניסן הוא אמר רב חסדא רגל שבו ראש השנה לרגלים

But perhaps at first he simply had not decided on the limit? The truth is that the best explanation is that which was given first.

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13

נפקא מינה לנודר למיקם עליה בבל תאחר ורבי שמעון היא דתניא אחד הנודר ואחד המקדיש ואחד המעריך כיון שעברו עליו ג' רגלים עובר בבל תאחר

AND FOR FESTIVALS. How can [New Year] for the festivals be on the first of Nisan?

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14

ר"ש אומר ג' רגלים כסדרן וחג המצות תחילה וכן היה ר"ש בן יוחי אומר רגלים פעמים ג' פעמים ד' פעמים חמשה כיצד נדר לפני הפסח ג' לפני עצרת חמשה לפני החג ארבעה

It is surely on the fifteenth of Nisan?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first day of Passover, the first of the festivals.');"><sup>13</sup></span> - R'Hisda said: What it means is that the festival which occurs in it is the New Year for the festivals.

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15

ת"ר חייבי הדמין והערכין החרמין וההקדשות חטאות ואשמות עולות ושלמים צדקות ומעשרות בכור ומעשר ופסח

The legal import of this rule is for determining when one who makes a vow transgresses the precept of 'not delaying'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIII, 22: When thou shalt vow a vow to the Lord thy God, thou shalt not delay to pay it.');"><sup>14</sup></span> and R'Simeon is here followed, as it has been taught: Whether a man makes a vow, or sanctifies,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., dedicates an object to the Sanctuary.');"><sup>15</sup></span> or makes a valuation,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Saying, 'I dedicate to the sanctuary the value of such-and-such a person'. V. Lev. XXVII, 1-8.');"><sup>16</sup></span> as soon as three festivals elapse [before he carries out his word] he transgresses the precept of 'not delaying'. R'Simeon says: The three festivals must be in order, with Passover first. So too R'Simeon B'Yohai used to say: The festivals [referred to] are sometimes three [in number], sometimes four, sometimes five. For instance, if a man made a vow before Passover, they are three, if before Pentecost five, if before Tabernacles four. Our Rabbis taught: Those who are liable for a money valuation,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By saying, 'I dedicate to the Sanctuary my own price'.');"><sup>17</sup></span> for a valuation,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra, n. 4.');"><sup>18</sup></span> for a herem,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Something devoted. V. Lev. XXVII, 28, 29.');"><sup>19</sup></span> for consecrations,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Objects dedicated to the Sanctuary.');"><sup>20</sup></span> for sin-offerings, trespass-offerings, burnt-offerings and peace-offerings, charity contributions, tithes, firstborn and tithe of cattle, paschal lamb,

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