Sanhedrin 108

עונש שמענו אזהרה מניין ת"ל (ויקרא יח, כב) ואת זכר לא תשכב משכבי אשה תועבה היא

We have learnt from this the punishment for him who commits bestiality; whencedo we derive punishment for him who allows himself to be thus abused? —The Writ saith: Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put todeath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 18. ');">⁷</span>

למדנו אזהרה לשוכב אזהרה לנשכב מניין ת"ל (דברים כג, יח) לא יהיה קדש מבני ישראל ואומר (מלכים א יד, כד) וגם קדש היה בארץ עשו ככל התועבות הגוים אשר הוריש וגו' דברי רבי ישמעאל

Since this is redundant inrespect of the person committingbestiality,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As it is taught elsewhere, viz., in Lev. XX, 15. ');">⁸</span>

רבי עקיבא אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר ואת זכר לא תשכב משכבי אשה קרי ביה לא תשכב

you must regard it asapplying to the person permitting himself to be thusabused.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One of the methods of Talmudic hermenueutics is to apply a Biblical statement, superfluous in respect of its own law, to some other subject. ');">⁹</span>

בהמה מנא לן דתנו רבנן (ויקרא כ, טו) איש פרט לקטן אשר יתן שכבתו בבהמה בין גדולה בין קטנה

From the Writ we know thatthere is punishment both for him who commits bestiality and for him who permitshimself to be thus abused; whence do we know the formal prohibition? — Scripturesaith, neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyselftherewith.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVIII, 23. ');">¹⁰</span>

מות יומת בסקילה אתה אומר בסקילה או אינו אלא באחת מכל מיתות האמורות בתורה נאמר כאן תהרגו ונאמר להלן (דברים יג, י) כי הרג תהרגנו מה להלן בסקילה אף כאן בסקילה

From this verse we learnthe formal prohibition for him who commits bestiality, whence do we derivethe formal prohibition for him who allows himself to be thus abused? Scripturesaith: There shall be no Sodomite of the sons of Israel; and it is elsewheresaid, And there were also sodomites in the land,etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. v. p. 368. n. 1: the same reasoning applying to bestiality as to pederasty. ');">¹¹</span>

למדנו עונש לשוכב עונש לנשכב מנלן ת"ל (שמות כב, יח) כל שוכב עם בהמה מות יומת אם אינו ענין לשוכב תניהו ענין לנשכב

R. Akiba said: This is unnecessary.The Writ saith, Thou shalt not lie [with any beast], which means, thou shaltnot permit thy lying [with any beast, whether actively or passively].

למדנו עונש בין לשוכב בין לנשכב אזהרה מניין ת"ל (ויקרא יח, כג) ובכל בהמה לא תתן שכבתך לטמאה בה

Now, he who [actively] commits pederasty, and also [passively] permits himselfto be thus abused — R. Abbahu said: On R. Ishmael's view, he is liable totwo penalties, one [for the injunction] derived from thou shalt not lie withmankind, and the other for [violating the prohibition,] There shall not bea Sodomite of the sons of Israel. But on R. Akiba's view, he incurs onlyone penalty, since thou shalt not lie and thou shalt not be lain with isbut one statement.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., though differently vocalized in order to deduce two injunctions, it is nevertheless one statement only, so that a person transgressing these two injunctions violates one Biblical prohibition only. ');">¹²</span>

למדנו אזהרה לשוכב לנשכב מניין ת"ל (דברים כג, יח) לא יהיה קדש מבני ישראל ואומר (מלכים א יד, כד) וגם קדש היה בארץ וגו' דברי רבי ישמעאל

He who commits bestiality, and also causes himself to be thus abused — R.Abbahu said: On R. Ishmael's view, he incurs two penalties, one for theinjunction, thou shalt not lie with any beast, and one for the prohibition,there shall be no sodomite of the sons of Israel. But on R. Akiba's view,he incurs but one penalty, since thy lying [actively] and thy lying [passively]is but one injunction. Abaye said: Even on R. Ishmael's view he incurs onepenalty only, for there shall be no Sodomite applies to sodomy withmankind.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not to bestiality at all, in spite of the fact that this was cited above in this connection. ');">¹³</span>

רבי עקיבא אומר אינו צריך הרי הוא אומר לא תתן שכבתך לא תתן שכיבתך

If so, whence does R. Ishmaelderive a formal prohibition against permitting oneself to be bestially abused?— From the verse, Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put todeath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 18. ');">¹⁴</span>

הבא על הזכור והביא עליו זכר

Now, this being redundantin respect of him who [actively] lies with abeast,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is stated in Lev. XVIII. ');">¹⁵</span>

אמר ר' אבהו לדברי רבי ישמעאל חייב שתים חדא מלא תשכב וחדא מלא יהיה קדש לדברי ר"ע אינו חייב אלא אחת לא תשכב לא תשכב חדא היא

apply it to him who [passively]permits himself to be abused this; and the Divine Law designates the passiveoffender as the activeoffender:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., though as shewn, this verse applies to a passive offender, yet its grammatical construction speaks of active bestiality. ');">¹⁶</span>

הבא על הבהמה והביא בהמה עליו אמר רבי אבהו לדברי ר' ישמעאל חייב שתים חדא מלא תתן שכבתך וחדא מלא יהיה קדש לדברי רבי עקיבא אינו חייב אלא אחת שכבתך ושכיבתך חדא היא

this teaches that thepunishment for, and the formal prohibition against, activebestiality<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference having been given above. ');">¹⁷</span>

אביי אמר אפי' לדברי רבי ישמעאל נמי אינו חייב אלא אחת דכי כתיב לא יהיה קדש בגברי כתיב

apply to passive submissiontoo.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that all is deduced from one verse, involving only one penalty. ');">¹⁸</span>

אלא לרבי ישמעאל אזהרה לנשכב מנא ליה נפקא ליה (שמות כב, יח) מכל שוכב עם בהמה מות יומת אם אינו ענין לשוכב תניהו ענין לנשכב

He who submits both to pederasty and to bestiality — R. Abbahu said: OnR. Akiba's view, he incurs two penalties; one for thou shalt not lie [withmankind], and the other for thou shalt not lie [with any beast]. But on R.Ishmael's view, he incurs only one punishment, both offences being derivedfrom the single verse, There shall be noSodomite.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since R. Akiba maintains that the prohibition of passive sodomy is included in active sodomy, it follows that passive pederasty and bestiality are two distinct offences, for there are two distinct injunctions. But as R. Ishmael maintains that the injunction against active sodomy does not include passive submission, and that the latter, whether in pederasty or bestiality, is derived from the single injunction, There shall be no sodomite, the double offence incurs one penalty only. ');">¹⁹</span>

ואפקיה רחמנא לנשכב בלשון שוכב מה שוכב ענש והזהיר אף נשכב ענש והזהיר

Abaye said: Even on R.Ishmael's view, he incurs two penalties, because it is written, Whosoeverlieth with a beast shall surely be put todeath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXII, 18. ');">²⁰</span>

הנרבע לזכר והנרבע לבהמה אמר רבי אבהו לדברי רבי עקיבא חייב שתים חדא מלא תשכב וחדא מלא תתן שכבתך לדברי רבי ישמעאל אינו חייב אלא אחת אידי ואידי לא יהיה קדש הוא

This being redundant in respectof active bestiality, it must be applied to passive submission, and the DivineLaw thus designated passive submission as an active offence: just as forthe active offence there is punishment and prohibitions so for the passiveoffence too.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus, this applies to passive bestiality, whilst there shall be no sodomite applies to passive pederasty. Hence, there being two separate injunctions for the two offences, a double punishment is incurred. ');">²¹</span>

אביי אמר אפילו לדברי רבי ישמעאל נמי חייב שתים דכתיב כל שוכב עם בהמה מות יומת אם אינו ענין לשוכב תניהו ענין לנשכב ואפקיה רחמנא לנשכב בלשון שוכב מה שוכב ענש והזהיר אף נשכב ענש והזהיר

But he who commitspederasty and causes himself to be abused thus; and also commits bestialityand causes himself to be abused too — both R. Abbahu and Abaye maintainthat on R. Ishmael's view he is trebly guilty, and on R. Akiba's view heis doubly guilty.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus: R. Abbahu maintains that on R. Ishmael's view: (i) active pederasty is forbidden by Thou shalt not lie with mankind; (ii) active bestiality by Thou shalt not lie with any beast; (iii) passive pederasty and bestiality by There shall be no sodomite. Whilst Abaye maintains that on R. Ishmael's view, (i) active pederasty is derived from Thou shalt not lie with mankind; (ii) submission thereto from There shall be no sodomite; and (iii) active and passive bestiality from Neither shalt thou lie with any beast to defile thyself therewith. (Lev. XVIII, 23) Hence, according to R. Abbabu and Abaye there are three injunctions for the four offences. Further, R. Abbahu and Abaye both teach R. Akiba's view to be that (i) active and passive bestiality are derived from Thou shalt not lie with mankind as with womankind; and (ii) active and passive bestiality from Neither shalt thou lie with any beast. Hence there are two injunctions for the four offences. ');">²²</span>

אבל הבא על הזכור והביא זכר עליו הבא על הבהמה והביא בהמה עליו בין לר' אבהו בין לאביי לרבי ישמעאל חייב שלש לרבי עקיבא חייב שתים

Our Rabbis taught: In the case of a male child, a young one is not regardedas on a par with an old one; but a young beast is treated as an oldone.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference is to the passive subject of sodomy. As stated supra 54a, guilt is incurred by the active participant even if the former be a minor, i.e., less than thirteen years old. Now, however, it is stated that within this age a distinction is drawn. ');">²³</span>

תנו רבנן זכור לא עשו בו קטן כגדול בהמה עשו בה קטנה כגדולה

What is meant by this? — Rabsaid: <font>Pederasty with a child below nine years of age is not deemed as pederastywith a child above that. Samuel said: Pederasty with a child below threeyears is not treated as with a child abovethat</font>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., Rab makes nine years the minimum; but if one committed sodomy with a child of lesser age, no guilt is incurred. Samuel makes three the minimum. ');">²⁴</span>

מאי לא עשו בו קטן כגדול אמר רב לא עשו ביאת פחות מבן תשע שנים כבן תשע שנים ושמואל אמר לא עשו ביאת פחות מבן שלש שנים כבן שלש שנים

What is the basis of theirdispute? — Rab maintains that <font>only he who is able to engage in sexualintercourse, may</font>, as the passive subject of pederasty <font>throw guilt [upon theactive offender]</font>; whilst he who is unable to engage in sexual intercoursecannot be a passive subject of pederasty [in thatrespect].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' At nine years a male attains sexual matureness. ');">²⁵</span>

במאי קמיפלגי רב סבר כל דאיתיה בשוכב איתיה בנשכב וכל דליתיה בשוכב ליתיה בנשכב

But Samuel maintains:Scripture writes, [<i>And thou shalt not lie with mankind</i>] <i>as with the lyingsof a woman</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVIII, 22. Thus the point of comparison is the sexual matureness of woman, which is reached at the age of three. ');">²⁶</span>

ושמואל סבר משכבי אשה כתיב

תניא כוותיה דרב זכר בן תשע שנים ויום אחד