טז אמר מר זו היא רה"י למעוטי מאי למעוטי הא דר' יהודה דתני' יתר על כן א"ר יהודה מי שיש לו ב' בתי' בשני צדי רה"ר עושה
16 — that is absolute public ground. One may not carry out from this private to this public ground, nor carry in from this public to this private ground; and if one does carry out or in, unwitting, he is liable to a sin-offering; if deliberately, he is punished by <i>kareth</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he was not formally warned. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> or stoned.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If formally warned. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> But the sea, a plain, a colonnade, or a <i>karmelith</i>, ranks neither as public nor as private ground:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The former, because they are not for the general passage of the multitude; the latter, because they are not enclosed. It should be observed that 'public ground' does not mean any ground that is open to the public, but that which is actually frequented by the masses. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> one must not carry [objects] about<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'carry and give,' across a distance of four or more cubits. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> within it and if he does, he is liable; and one must not carry out [an object] thence into public ground or from the public ground into it, nor carry [an object] from it into private ground or from the private ground into it; yet if he does carry out or in, he is not liable. As to courtyards with many owners<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a courtyard into which many houses open and which itself abuts on the street. The inhabitants of these houses own the courtyard in common and must pass through it into the street. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> and blind alleys,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These too are provided with courtyards through which the inhabitants pass into the streets. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> if an 'erub is made, they are permitted; if an 'erub is not made, they are forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For 'erub v. Glos. If the separate householders make an 'erub, e.g., each contributing a little flour for baking a large loaf, all the houses and the courtyard into which they open are counted as one domain, and carrying between them is permitted. Again, if all the courtyards are thus joined by an 'erub, carrying is permitted between the courtyards themselves and between them and the blind alley on which they abut. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> A man standing on a threshold<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is less than four handbreadths square, and is a place of non-liability, i.e., not a separate domain at all, but counted with public or private ground indifferently. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> may take [an object] from the master of the house, or give [it] to him, and may take [an object] from the poor man or give [it] to him; providing however that he does not take from the master of the house and give to the poor man or from the poor man and give it to the master of the house;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a Rabbinical measure, lest one treat the Sabbath lightly and carry direct between public or private ground. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> and if he does take and give, the three are exempt. Others state, A threshold serves as two domains: if the door is open, it is as within; if shut, it is as without. But if the threshold is ten [handbreadths] high and four broad, it is a separate domain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Like the trench or wall mentioned above. it is private ground, yet not part of the house, and carrying between the two is prohibited. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> The Master said: 'That is [absolute] private ground.' What does this exclude?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The emphasis suggests that only that is private ground. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> — It excludes the following [view] of R. Judah. For it was taught: Even more than this did R. Judah say: If one owns two houses on the opposite sides of the street,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Facing each other. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> he can place