Shabbat 14

אלא דאין רה"ר למעלה מי' מתני' היא דתנן הזורק ד' אמות בכותל למעלה מי' טפחים כזורק באויר למטה מי' טפחים כזורק בארץ

But [if it means] that there is no public ground above ten,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., anything above ten handbreadths from ground level is not treated as public ground. ');">¹</span> it is our Mishnah! For we learnt: If one throws [an article] four cubits on to a wall above ten handbreadths, it is as though he throws it into the air;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He is not liable. ');">²</span>

אלא אכרמלית דאין כרמלית למעלה מי' ואקילו בה רבנן מקולי רה"י ומקולי רה"ר מקולי רה"י דאי איכא מקום ארבעה הוא דהויא כרמלית ואי לא מקום פטור בעלמא הוא מקולי רה"ר דעד י' טפחים הוא דהויא כרמלי' למעלה מי' טפחים לא הויא כרמלי':

if below ten, it is as though he throws it on to the ground.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And since it traverses four cubits, he is liable. — Why then need Samuel state it? ');">³</span> Hence he must refer to a <i>karmelith</i>, [teaching] that there is no <i>karmelith</i> above ten. And [R. Dimi and R. Shesheth inform us that] the Rabbis treated it with the leniencies of both private and public ground. 'With the leniencies of private ground': that only if [it measures] four [handbreadths square] is it a <i>karmelith</i>, but if not it is simply a place of non-liability. 'With the leniencies of public ground': only up to ten is it a <i>karmelith</i>, but above ten it is not a <i>karmelith</i>.

גופא אמר רב גידל אמר רב חייא בר יוסף אמר רב בית שאין תוכו י' וקרויו משלימו לי' על גגו מותר לטלטל בכולו בתוכו אין מטלטלין בו אלא בד' אמות

[To revert to] the main text: 'R. Gidal said in the name of R. Hiyya b. Joseph in Rab's name: In the case of a house, the inside of which is not ten [handbreadths in height] but its covering makes it up to ten, it is permitted to carry on the roof thereof over the whole [area]; but within, one may carry only four cubits.' Said Abaye: But if one digs out four square [handbreadths]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he lowers the level of four square handbreadths of the ground. ');">⁴</span> and makes it up to ten, carrying over the whole is permitted. What is the reason? [The rest] is [as] cavities of a private domain, and such are [themselves] a private domain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cavities in a wall bounding private ground rank as private ground. Here, the lowered portion is true private ground, and the rest is regarded as cavities in an imaginary wall surrounding it. ');">⁵</span>

אמר אביי ואם חקק בו ד' על ד' והשלימו לי' מותר לטלטל בכולהו מאי טעמא הוי חורי רה"י וחורי רה"י כרה"י דמו דאיתמר חורי רה"י כרה"י דמו חורי רה"ר אביי אומר כרה"ר דמו רבא אומר לאו כרה"ר דמו

For it was stated: The cavities of a private domain constitute private ground. As to the cavities of a public domain,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., in a wall fronting a street. ');">⁶</span> — Abaye said: They are as public ground; Raba said: They are not as public ground.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But constitute a separate domain. If four handbreadths square, they are a karmelith; if less, a place of non-liability. ');">⁷</span>

א"ל רבא לאביי לדידך דאמרת חורי רה"ר כרה"ר דמו מ"ש מהא דכי אתא רב דימי א"ר יוחנן לא נצרכה אלא לקרן זוית הסמוכה לרה"ר ותיהוי כחורי רה"ר התם לא ניחא תשמישתיה הכא ניחא תשמישתיה

Said Raba to Abaye: According to you who maintains that the cavities of public ground are as public ground, wherein does it differ from what R. Dimi, when he came, said in the name of R. Johanan: 'This is necessary only in respect of a corner near to the street',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V- supra 7a, notes, it is there accounted as a karmelith. ');">⁸</span> — yet let it be as cavities of a public domain? — There the use thereof is inconvenient; here the use thereof is convenient.

תנן הזורק ד' אמות בכותל למעל' מי' כזורק באויר למטה מי' טפחים כזורק בארץ והוינן בה מאי כזורק בארץ והא לא נח

We learnt: If one throws an article four cubits on to a wall, above ten handbreadths, it is as though he throws it into the air; if below ten, it is as though he throws it on to the ground.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mishnah, infra 100a. ');">⁹</span> Now we discussed this: why 'as though he throws it on the ground'; surely it does not rest [there]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it must rebound at least slightly, the final distance is less than the four cubits that is the least for which a penalty is incurred. ');">¹⁰</span>

וא"ר יוחנן בדבילה שמינה שנו ואי ס"ד חורי רה"ר כרה"ר דמו למה לי לאוקמה בדביל' שמינה לוקמה בצרור וחפץ ודנח בחור

And R. Johanan answered: This refers to a juicy cake of figs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which sticks. ');">¹¹</span> But if you maintain that the cavities of public ground are as public ground, why relate it to a juicy cake of figs; relate it to a splinter or any article and it is a case where it alighted in a cavity? — Sometimes he answered him, A splinter or any other article are different, because they fall back;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'come again'. Even if they do not rebound. ');">¹²</span>

זימנין משני לה שאני צרור וחפץ דמיהדר ואתי זימנין משני לה בכותל דלית ביה חור ממאי מדקתני רישא זרק למעלה מי' טפחים כזורק באויר ואי ס"ד בכותל דאית ביה חור אמאי כזורק באויר הא נח בחור

sometimes he answered him: The reference must be to a wall not possessing a cavity. — How do you know it? — Because the first clause states: If one throws above ten handbreadths, it is as though he throws it into the air. Now if you imagine that this refers to a wall with a cavity, why is it as though he throws It into the air; surely it came to rest in the cavity?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which, if four handbreadths square, is private ground. ');">¹³</span> And should you answer, Our Mishnah [refers to a cavity] that is not four square, — surely did not Rab Judah say in R. Hiyya's name: If one throws [an article] above ten handbreadths and it goes and alights in a cavity of any size,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., less than four square. ');">¹⁴</span>

וכי תימא מתני' דלית בהו ד' על ד' והאמר רב יהודה א"ר חייא זרק למעלה מי' טפחים והלכה ונחה בחור כל שהוא באנו למחלוקת ר"מ ורבנן דר"מ סבר חוקקין להשלים ורבנן סברי אין חוקקין להשלים אלא לאו ש"מ בכותל דלית ביה חור שמע מינה:

we come to a controversy of R. Meir and the Rabbis, R. Meir holding, We [imaginarily] hollow it out to complete it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the wall is thick enough, we regard the small cavity as enlarged to four square, and liability is incurred. ');">¹⁵</span> while the Rabbis maintain, We do not hollow it out to complete it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And since the Mishnah under discussion is anonymous, it reflects R. Meir's view; v. Sanh. 86a. ');">¹⁶</span>

גופא אמר רב חסדא נעץ קנה ברשות היחיד וזרק ונח על גביו אפי' גבוה מאה אמה חייב מפני שרה"י עולה עד לרקיע לימא רב חסדא דאמר כרבי דתניא זרק ונח ע"ג זיז כ"ש ר' מחייב וחכמים פוטרים (אלמא לא בעינן מקום ד' על ד')

Hence it surely follows that the reference is to a wall without a cavity. This proves it. [To revert to] the main text: R. Hisda said: If one fixes a rod in private ground and throws [an article from the street] and it alights on the top, even if it is a hundred cubits high, he is liable, because private ground extends up to heaven'. Shall we say that R. Hisda holds with Rabbi?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That depositing upon a place four handbreadths square is not required. ');">¹⁷</span> For it was taught: If one throws [an object] and it alights upon a projection of whatever size; Rabbi holds him liable; the Sages exempt him!