Shabbat 161

Chapter 161

א <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> עצם כדי לעשות תרווד רבי יהודה אומר כדי לעשות ממנו חף זכוכית כדי לגרור בו ראש הכרכר צרור או אבן כדי לזרוק בעוף רבי אלעזר בר יעקב אומר כדי לזרוק בבהמה
1 <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. [IF ONE CARRIES OUT] BONE, [THE STANDARD IS AS MUCH AS IS REQUIRED FOR MAKING A SPOON;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast.: pointed on top and curved at the end. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> R. JUDAH MAINTAINED: FOR MAKING THEREOF<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is first assumed in the Gemara to mean a lock, which gives a greater standard than that of the Rabbis, but is subsequently translated ward of a lock. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> A HAF; GLASS, LARGE ENOUGH FOR SCRAPING THE TOP OF THE WHORL [OF A SPINDLE]; A CHIP OR A STONE, LARGE ENOUGH TO THROW AT A BIRD; R. ELEAZAR B. JACOB SAID: LARGE ENOUGH TO THROW AT AN ANIMAL.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But one does not trouble to throw anything at a bird, which is frightened away with the voice. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ב <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> למימרא דשיעורא דר' יהודה נפיש הא קיימא לן דשיעורא דרבנן נפיש אמר עולא חפי פותחת: תנו רבנן חפי פותחת טהורין קבען בפותחת טמאין ושל גל אף על פי שחיברן בדלת וקבען במסמרים טהורין שכל המחובר לקרקע הרי הוא כקרקע:
2 <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Shall we say that R. Judah's standard is larger: but we know the standard of the Rabbis to be larger?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. supra 80a, p. 381. n. 7. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> — Said 'Ulla: [It means] the wards of a lock.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. note on Mishnah ');"><sup>5</sup></span> Our Rabbis taught: The wards of a lock are clean;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., they are not susceptible to uncleanness, being unfit for use by themselves (Rashi). Rashi also maintains that the reference is to wards made of bones; Tosaf., to wards made of metal. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ג זכוכית כדי לגרור בו: תנא סכוכית כדי לפצוע בה שני נימין כאחת:
3 [but] when one fits them into the lock, they are [liable to become] unclean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For they are now parts of utensils. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> But if it [the lock] is of a revolving door,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is not the lock of a box or chest, but of something fixed to soil, e.g., the door of a house. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> even when it is fixed on the door and nailed on with nails, they [the wards] are clean, because whatever is joined to the soil is as the soil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which cannot become unclean. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ד צרור או אבן כדי לזרוק בעוף רבי אלעזר כו': אמר רבי יעקב אמר רבי יוחנן והוא שמרגשת בה וכמה שיעורו תניא רבי אלעזר בן יעקב אומר משקל עשרה זוז:
4 GLASS, LARGE ENOUGH FOR SCRAPING [etc.]. A Tanna taught: Glass,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sekukith is a rarer form of the more usual zekukith. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> large enough to break across two threads simultaneously. A CHIP, OR A STONE, LARGE ENOUGH TO THROW AT A BIRD: R. ELEAZAR [etc.]. R. Jacob said in R. Johanan's name: Providing that it can feel it. And what size is that? It was taught, R. Eleazar b. Jacob said: Ten <i>zuz</i> in weight.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One zuz = 3.585 grammes (J.E., 'Weights and Measures', vol. XII, p. 489 Table 1). ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ה זונין על לבי מדרשא אמר להו רבותי אבנים של בית הכסא שיעורן בכמה אמרו לו כזית כאגוז וכביצה אמר להו וכי טורטני יכניס נמנו וגמרו מלא היד תניא רבי יוסי אומר כזית כאגוז וכביצה (ר"ש ברבי יוסי אומר משום אביו מלא היד:
5 Zonin entered the <i>Beth Hamidrash</i> [and] said to them [the students]: My masters, what is the standard of the stones of a privy?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Used for cleansing. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> Said they to him: [One] the size of an olive, [a second] the size of a nut, and [a third] the size of an egg.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These three together constitute the standard, as they are all required. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> Shall one take [them] in a [gold] balance! he objected.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For weighing them accurately. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ו ת"ר (בשבת) ג' אבנים מקורזלות מותר להכניס לבית הכסא וכמה שיעורן ר"מ אומר כאגוז רבי יהודה אומר כביצה אמר רפרם בר פפא אמר רב חסדא כמחלוקת כאן כך מחלוקת באתרוג התם מתני' הכא ברייתא אלא כמחלוקת באתרוג כך מחלוקת כאן
6 [Thereupon] they voted and decided: A handful.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of stones, no matter what their number. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> It was taught; R. Jose said: [One] the size of an olive, [another] the size of a nut, and [a third] the size of an egg: R. Simeon b. Jose said on his father's authority: A handful. Our Rabbis taught: One may carry three smoothly rounded stones<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast. Rashi (as emended by Rashal): sharpened stones. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
ז אמר רב יהודה אבל לא את הפאייס מאי פאייס אמר רבי זירא כרשיני בבלייתא אמר רבא אסור למשמש בצרור בשבת כדרך שממשמש בחול מתקיף לה מר זוטרא ליסתכן כלאחר יד אמר רבי ינאי אם יש מקום קבוע לבית הכסא מלא היד אם לאו כהכרע מדוכה קטנה של בשמים אמר רב ששת אם יש עליה עד מותר
7 into a privy. And what is their size? R. Meir said: As [large as] a nut; R. Judah maintained: As [large as] an egg. Rafram b. Papa observed in R. Hisda's name: Even as they differ here, so do they differ in respect to an ethrog.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A citron, which is one of the fruits to be taken on the Feast of Tabernacles (v. Lev. XXIII. 40). R. Meir holds that its minimum size must be that of a nut, while R. Judah holds that it must be at least as large as an egg. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> But there it is a Mishnah, whereas here it is [only] a Baraitha?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the Mishnah being better known, he surely should have taken that as the point of comparison. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> Rather [say:] Just as they differ in respect to an ethrog, so do they differ here.
ח מיתיבי עשרה דברים מביאין את האדם לידי תחתוניות ואלו הן האוכל עלי קנים ועלי גפנים ולולבי גפנים ומוריגי בהמה בלא מלח ושדרו של דג ודג מליח שלא בישל כל צורכו והשותה שמרי יין והמקנח בסיד ובחרסית (בצרור שקינח בו חברו ויש אומרים אף התולה עצמו בבית הכסא לא קשיא הא בלח הא ביבש ואיבעית אימא כאן מצד אחד וכאן מב' צדדין ואיבעית אימא הא דידיה הא דחבריה
8 Rab Judah said: But not brittle stone [payas].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This being unsuited for this purpose. it may not be handled on the Sabbath. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> What is payas? — Said R. Zera: Babylonian pebbles.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which are cloddy and brittle. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> Raba said: One may not use a chip on the Sabbath [as a suppository] in the same way as one uses it on weekdays. Mar Zutra demurred: Shall one then endanger [his health]? — [It may be done] in a back-handed manner.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 188, n. 2. ');"><sup>21</sup></span>
ט א"ל אביי לרב יוסף ירדו עליה גשמים ונשטשטשו מהו א"ל אם היה רישומן ניכר מותר
9 R. Jannai said: If there is a fixed place for the privy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Their privies were in the fields. Some were permanent, others were not. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> [one may carry in] a handful [of stones];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., over a distance of less than four cubits. V., however, R. Han. For those that are left over in the evening may be used in the morning. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> if not, [only] the size of the leg of a small spice mortar [is permitted].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This translation follows R. Han and Tosaf. ');"><sup>24</sup></span>
י בעא מיניה רבה בר רב שילא מרב
10 R. Shesheth said: If there is evidence upon it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a stain of excrements. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> it is permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To handle it, even if larger than the standard size normally allowed on the Sabbath, since it has already been used for that purpose before. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> An objection is raised: Ten things lead to hemorrhoids in a man, and these are they: [i] eating the leaves of reeds; [ii] the leaves of vines; [iii] sprouts of grapevine; [iv] the rough flesh<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi. Jast.: the palate. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> of an animal without salt; [v] the spine of a fish; [vi] a salted fish insufficiently cooked; [vii] drinking the lees of wine; [viii] wiping oneself with lime, [ix] with clay. [x] [and] with a chip which one's neighbour has [already] used thus.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This contradicts R. Shesheth. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> And some say, Suspending oneself in a privy too.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Instead of sitting. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> — There is no difficulty; the one refers to a damp [stone];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From former use; that is unfit. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> the other to a dry one. Alternatively, here the reference is to the same side [of the stone];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is injurious. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> there, to the other side. Another alternative: the one refers to his own;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a stone which he himself has used before; that is permitted. ');"><sup>32</sup></span> the other, to his neighbour's. Abaye asked R. Joseph: What if rain fell on it and it [the stain] was washed away? If the mark thereof is perceptible, he replied, it is permitted. Rabbah son of R. Shila asked R. Hisda:
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