Shabbat 167

Chapter 167

א ולחנניא טילטול על ידי שוורים שמיה טילטול (אין) דתנן שלש עגלות הן עשויה כקתידרא טמאה מדרס כמטה טמאה טמא מת של אבנים טהורה מכלום ואמר ר' יוחנן ואם יש בה בית קבול רמונים טמאה טמא מת
1 Now according to Hananiah, carrying by means of oxen is regarded as carrying.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the boats of the Jordan are too large to be loaded and carried overland otherwise than by oxen. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> For we learnt: There are three waggons: That which is built like a cathedra<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Short and three sided, like an armchair. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> is liable to uncleanness as midras;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since such are made specifically for sitting; v. supra 59a. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> that which is like a bed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Long, its purpose being the carriage of goods. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ב שלש תיבות הן תיבה שפתחה מצדה טמאה מדרס מלמעלה טמאה טמא מת והבאה במדה טהורה מכלום
2 is liable to uncleanness through the defilement caused by a corpse;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it is susceptible to every form of defilement save midras, because it ranks as a utensil, in that it can become unclean, but it is not made for sitting thereon. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> that of stones<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A cart made for carrying large stones. Its bottom was perforated with large holes, and therefore could not be used to carry articles as small as a pomegranate or less, and for a vessel to be susceptible to defilement it must be able to hold pomegranates. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> is completely clean. Now R. Johanan observed thereon: But if it has a receptacle for pomegranates, it is liable to uncleanness through the defilement of a corpse.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the same waggon cannot be moved when full except by oxen. Thus though it is a wooden vessel, and therefore must be capable of being moved full or empty (supra 83b), the fact that it can be moved by oxen is sufficient. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> There are three chests: a chest with an opening at the side is liable to uncleanness as midras;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because a zab can sit on its top without being told 'get up and let us do our work' (v. supra 59a). as things can be put in or taken out from the side. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ג ת"ר מדרס כלי חרס טהור ר' יוסי אומר אף הספינה מאי קאמר אמר רב זביד הכי קאמר מדרס כלי חרס טהור ומגעו טמא וספינה של חרס טמאה כחנניא ר' יוסי אומר אף הספינה טהורה כתנא דידן מתקיף לה רב פפא מאי אף אלא אמר רב פפא הכי קאמר מדרס כלי חרס טהור ומגעו טמא ושל עץ בין מדרסו ובין מגעו טמא וספינת הירדן טהורה כתנא דידן ר' יוסי אומר אף הספינה טמאה כחנניא
3 at the top, is liable to uncleanness through the defilement of a corpse;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it is susceptible to all forms of uncleanness save that of midras, because a zab if sitting on it would be told to get off it, v; supra p. 312, n. 9 ');"><sup>9</sup></span> but an extremely large one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'one that comes in measurement'. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> is completely clean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' it is unfit for lying or sitting upon on account of the opening at the top, and therefore it is not susceptible to midras, while since it cannot be moved about owing to its size, it is free from other defilement (v. supra 83b). ');"><sup>11</sup></span> Our Rabbis taught: The midras of an earthen vessel is clean;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., if a zab sits upon it, it without actually infringing upon the air space within it. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ד ומדרס כלי חרס מנלן דטהור אמר חזקיה דאמר קרא (ויקרא טו, ה) ואיש אשר יגע במשכבו מקיש משכבו לו מה הוא אית ליה טהרה במקוה אף משכבו נמי אית ליה טהרה במקוה
4 R. Jose said: A ship too. What does he mean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A ship is not susceptible to any form of defilement. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> — Said R. Zebid. He means this: The midras of an earthen vessel is clean, but contact there with renders it unclean,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., if a zab touches it on the inside. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> while an earthen ship is unclean, in accordance with Hananiah;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 83 b. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> R. Jose ruled: An [earthen] ship too is clean, in agreement with our Tanna. R. Papa demurred: [if so,] why say, A ship too?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He certainly must mean that it is clean even from defilement, it through contact; then how explain 'too', which intimates that the first Tanna has stated that a certain article cannot be defiled by contact and R. Jose adds this? ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
ה דבי ר' ישמעאל תנא (ויקרא טו, כו) כמשכב נדתה יהיה לה מקיש משכבה לה מה היא אית לה טהרה במקוה אף משכבה נמי אית לה טהרה במקוה לאפוקי כלי חרס דלית ליה טהרה במקוה מתיב ר' אילעא מפץ במת מנין
5 Rather said R. Papa, This is its meaning: The midras of an earthen vessel is clean, whilst contact therewith defiles it; but [in the case of a vessel] of wood, both its midras and its touch are unclean; while a boat of the Jordan is clean, in agreement with our Tanna; R. Jose said: A ship too is unclean, in accordance with Hananiah. Now, how do we know that the midras of an earthen vessel is clean? — Said Hezekiah, Because Scripture saith, and whosoever toucheth his bed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XV, 5. 'His bed' denotes anything upon which the zab has lain, and this passage teaches the law of midras. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> this assimilates 'his bed' to himself [the <i>zab</i>]: just as he can be cleansed in a mikweh,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> so can 'his bed' be cleansed in a mikweh. The School of R. Ishmael taught: It shall be unto her as the bed of her impurity [<i>niddah</i>]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 26, q.v. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> this assimilates her bed to herself: just as she can be cleansed in a mikweh, so can 'her bed' be cleansed in a mikweh, thus excluding earthen vessels, which cannot be cleansed in a mikweh.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is deduced from Lev. XI, 33, q.v. Since they cannot be cleansed, they cannot become unclean in the first place through the midras of a zab. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> R. Ela raised an objection: How do we know that a [reed] mat [is susceptible to defilement] through the dead?
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