Shabbat 180

זרע קישואין שנים זרע דילועין שנים זרע פול המצרי שנים חגב חי טהור כל שהוא מת כגרוגרת צפורת כרמים בין חיה בין מתה כל שהוא שמצניעין אותה לרפואה ר' יהודה אומר אף המוציא חגב חי טמא כל שהוא שמצניעין אותו לקטן לשחוק בו:

[FOR] CUCUMBER SEED, [THE STANDARD IS] TWO; SEED OF GOURDS, TWO; SEED OF EGYPTIAN BEANS, TWO. IF ONE CARRIES OUT A LIVE CLEAN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., that may be eaten. ');">¹</span> LOCUST, WHATEVER ITS SIZE; DEAD, [ITS STANDARD IS] THE SIZE OF A DRIED FIG. THE BIRD OF THE VINEYARDS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A species of locust; it is discussed in the Gemara. ');">²</span> WHETHER LIVE OR DEAD, WHATEVER ITS SIZE, BECAUSE IT IS STORED AWAY FOR A MEDICINE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' in accordance with the general rule of the Mishnah supra 75b. ');">³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ורמינהי זבל וחול הדק כדי לזבל קלח של כרוב דברי ר"ע וחכמים אומרים כדי לזבל כרישא אמר רב פפא הא דזריע הא דלא זריע לפי שאין אדם טורח להוציא נימא אחת לזריעה:

R. JUDAH SAID: ALSO HE WHO CARRIES OUT A LIVE UNCLEAN LOCUST, WHATEVER ITS SIZE, [IS CULPABLE], BECAUSE IT IS PUT AWAY FOR A CHILD TO PLAY WITH. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. But this contradicts it: Manure, or thin sand, [the standard is] as much as is required for fertillizing a cabbage stalk: this is R. Akiba's view. But the Sages maintain: For fertilizing one leek-plant?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows that the seed for a single plant entails culpability. ');">⁴</span> — Said R. Papa: In the one case it is sown, and in the other it is not, because one does not trouble to carry out a single seed for sowing.

זרע קישואין: ת"ר המוציא גרעינין אם לנטיעה שתים אם לאכילה כמלא פי חזיר וכמה מלא פי חזיר אחת אם להסיק כדי לבשל ביצה קלה אם לחשבון שתים אחרים אומרים חמש ת"ר המוציא שני נימין מזנב הסוס ומזנב הפרה חייב שמצניעין אותן לנישבין מקשה של חזיר אחת צורי דקל שתים תורי דקל אחת:

CUCUMBER SEED. Our Rabbis taught: if one carries out kernels [of dates], — If for planting, [the standard for culpability is] two; if for eating, as much as fills the mouth of a swine. And how much fills the mouth of a swine? One. If for fuel, as much as is required for boiling a light egg; if for calculating,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., each to denote a certain sum. ');">⁵</span> two — others say, five. Our Rabbis taught: if one carries out two hairs of a horse's tall or a cow's tall, he is culpable, because these are laid aside for [bird] snares. Of the stiff bristles of a swine, one [involves liability]; of palm bands,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., made of palm bark. ');">⁶</span>

ציפורת כרמים בין חיה בין מתה כל שהוא: מאי ציפורת כרמים אמר רב פליא ביארי אמר אביי ומשתכח בדיקלא דחד נבארא ועבדי לה לחוכמא אכיל ליה לפלגא דימיני' ופלגא דשמאליה רמי לה בגובתא דנחשא וחתים לה בשיתין גושפנקי ותלי לה באיברא דשמאלא וסימניך (קהלת י, ב) לב חכם לימינו ולב כסיל לשמאלו וחכים כמה דבעי וגמר כמה דבעי ואכיל ליה לאידך פלגא דאי לא מיעקר תלמודו:

two; of palm fillets,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: made of the bast of palm trees. These are finer than palm bands. ');">⁷</span> one. THE BIRD OF THE VINEYARDS, WHETHER LIVE OR DEAD, WHATEVER ITS SIZE. What is the bird of the vineyards? — Said Rab: Palya be'ari.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Perhaps, 'searcher in forests' (Jast.) — the name of a locust. ');">⁸</span>

ר' יהודה אומר אף המוציא כו': ותנא קמא סבר לא מאי טעמא דילמא אכיל ליה אי הכי טהור נמי דהא רב כהנא הוה קאים קמיה דרב והוה קמעבר שושיבא אפומיה אמר ליה שקליה דלא לימרו מיכל קאכיל ליה וקעבר משום (ויקרא יא, מג) בל תשקצו את נפשותיכם אלא דילמא מיית ואכיל ליה ורבי יהודה אי מיית קטן מיספד ספיד ליה:

Abaye observed: And it is found in a palm tree of [only] one covering, and it is prepared [as food] for [acquiring] wisdom; one eats half of its right [side] and half of its left, places it [the rest] in a brass tube and seals it with sixty [i.e., many] seals and suspends it around his left arm; and the token thereof is. A wise man's heart is at his right hand; but a fool's heart is at his left.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Eccl. X, a fool who has to acquire wisdom has to tie this on his left arm. ');">⁹</span> He acquires as much wisdom as he desires, studies as much as he desires, and [then] eats the other half, for if [he does] not, his learning will vanish.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'be eradicated'. ');">¹⁰</span> R. JUDAH SAID: ALSO HE WHO CARRIES OUT, etc. But the first Tanna holds, Not so.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An unclean locust is not laid aside, etc. ');">¹¹</span>

<br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך אמר רבי עקיבא</strong></big><br><br>

What is the reason? Lest he [the child] eat it. If so, a clean [locust] is the same, for R. Kahana was standing before Rab and passing a shoshiba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A species of long-headed locust, which is eatable. ');">¹²</span> in front of his mouth. 'Take it away,' said he to him, 'that people should not say that you are eating it and thereby violating [the injunction], ye shall not make yourselves abominable.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XI, 43. The abomination consists in eating it alive. ');">¹³</span> Rather [the reason is] lest it dies and he [the child] eat it. But R. Judah [holds], if it dies the child will indeed weep for it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not eat it. ');">¹⁴</span>

מתני׳ <big><strong>המצניע</strong></big> לזרע ולדוגמא ולרפואה והוציאו בשבת חייב בכל שהוא וכל אדם אין חייב עליו אלא כשיעורו חזר והכניסו אינו חייב אלא כשיעורו:

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF ONE LAYS [AUGHT] ASIDE FOR SOWING, FOR A SAMPLE, OR FOR A MEDICINE, AND [THEN] CARRIES IT OUT ON THE SABBATH, HE IS CULPABLE WHATEVER ITS SIZE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since by laying it aside he shows that he values it. ');">¹⁵</span> BUT ALL OTHERS ARE NOT CULPABLE THEREFOR SAVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS STANDARD.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As stated in the previous chapter. ');">¹⁶</span> IF HE CARRIES IT BACK AGAIN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Having carried it out he decides not to sow it, etc., after all, and takes it back into the house. ');">¹⁷</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> למה ליה למיתני המצניע ליתני המוציא לזרע ולדוגמא ולרפואה חייב בכל שהוא אמר אביי הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שהצניעו ושכח למה הצניעו והשתא קא מפיק ליה סתמא

HE IS LIABLE ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS STANDARD.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For by changing his mind he removes the artificial value which he first attached to it, and it is the same as any other of its kind. ');">¹⁸</span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Why must he teach, IF ONE LAYS ASIDE; let him teach, If one carries out [aught] for sowing, for a sample, or for a medicine, he is culpable, whatever its size?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a definite standard is required only when one carries it out without any specified purpose. But if he states his purpose, he ipso fucto attaches a value to it. ');">¹⁹</span> — Said Abaye: We discuss here a case e.g., where one laid it aside and [then] forgot why he laid it aside, and now he carries it out without specifying the purpose: