Shabbat 195

פחות מארבע אמות פטור מאי קמ"ל הא קא משמע לן רשויות מצטרפות ודלא אמרינן קלוטה כמה שהונחה:

less than four cubits, he is not culpable. What does this inform us? — This is what he informs us, that [similar] domains combine,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it travels part of the ground; this does not agree with R. Jose supra 80a. ');">¹</span> and we do not say, An object caught up [in the air] is as at rest.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For if we did, he would be culpable on account of carrying in from public to private ground, even if it does not travel four cubits over the latter. ');">²</span>

אמר רב שמואל בר יהודה אמר רב אבא אמר רב הונא אמר רב המעביר ד' אמות בר"ה מקורה פטור לפי שאינו דומה לדגלי מדבר איני והא עגלות דמקורות הויין ואמר רב משום רבי חייא עגלות תחתיהן וביניהן וצדיהן רה"ר כי קאמר רב בדראתא

R. Samuel b. Judah said in R. Abba's name in R. Huna's name in the name of Rab: If one carries [an article] four cubits in covered public ground, he is liable, because it is not like the banners of the wilderness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 5a. ');">³</span> But that is not so? for the waggons surely were covered,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With the boards of the Tabernacle placed crosswise on top along their length. ');">⁴</span>

מכדי אורכא דעגלה כמה הואי חמש אמין פותיא דקרש כמה הואי אמתא ופלגא כמה מותיב תלתא פשא ליה פלגא דאמתא כי שדי ליה מר ביני וביני כלבוד דמי מי סברת קרשים אפותייהו הוה מנח להו אחודן מנח להו

and yet Rab said in R. Hiyya's name: As for the waggons, beneath them, between them, and at their sides it was public ground?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 99a. The width of the waggons was five cubits, and five cubits' space was allowed between them in the breadth, whilst the boards were ten cubits in length. Hence when placed crosswise on top of the waggons they projected two and a half cubits on both sides; thus the space between them was completely covered over, and yet he states that it was public ground. ');">⁵</span> — Rab referred to the interspaces<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the rows of boards, which were not arranged close to each other. ');">⁶</span>

סוף סוף סומכא דקרש כמה הוי אמתא כמה הוה מותיב ארבעה פשא לה אמתא כי שדי לה מר ביני וביני כלבוד דמי הניחא למ"ד קרשים מלמטן עוביין אמה מלמעלן כלין והולכין עד כאצבע שפיר אלא למ"ד כשם שמלמטן עוביין אמה כך מלמעלה עוביין אמה מאי איכא למימר

— Consider: what was the length of the waggons? Five cubits. What was the breadth of the board? A cubit and a half. Then how many [rows] could be placed: three: thus leaving half a cubit, and when you divide it among them [the spaces] they are as joined!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For there was only a quarter cubit one and a half handbreadths between the rows of boards, whereas a space less then three cubits is disregarded (v. supra 97a). ');">⁷</span> — Do you think that the boards lay on their width? they were laid on their thickness. Yet even so, what was the thickness of the board? One cubit. How many [rows] were [then] laid? Four, thus leaving a cubit, and when you divide it among them [the spaces] they are as joined!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For there are three spaces which give two handbreadths for each. ');">⁸</span>

א"ר כהנא באטבעי אטבעי היכא מנח להו אגבא דעגלה עגלה גופא מקורה הואי

Now, on the view that the boards were one cubit thick at the bottom, but tapered to a fingerbreadth, it is well:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As there would be more at the ends than three handbreadths' space between each. ');">⁹</span> but on the view that just as they were a cubit thick at the bottom, so at the top too, what can be said? — Said R. Kahana: (They were arranged] in clasped formation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the four rows were not equidistant. but in two rows (as though clasped) at the head and at the tail of the waggon respectively, this leaving a cubit between them. This was necessary because each row contained three boards, which would give a height of four and a half cubits, and as the thickness was only one cubit they might otherwise topple over. ');">¹⁰</span> Now, where were they placed: on the top of the waggon. But the waggon itself was covered?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is assumed that the floor of the waggon was completely closed, like the floor, e.g., of a cement-carrying lorry. How then did Rab state that the space underneath the waggon too was public ground? [The translation follows Rashi's reading and interpretation. R. Han and Tosaf, adopt different readings both here and supra. 'Rab referred to the interspaces', and explain accordingly.] ');">¹¹</span>