Shabbat 204:1

מתני׳ <big><strong>הבונה</strong></big> כמה יבנה ויהא חייב הבונה כל שהוא והמסתת והמכה בפטיש ובמעצד הקודח כל שהוא חייב זה הכלל כל העושה מלאכה ומלאכתו מתקיימת בשבת חייב (וכן) רשב"ג אומר אף המכה בקורנס על הסדן בשעת מלאכה חייב מפני שהוא כמתקן מלאכה:

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. <small>IF ONE BUILDS HOW MUCH MUST HE BUILD TO BE CULPABLE? HE WHO BUILDS HOWEVER LITTLE, AND HE WHO CHISELS, AND HE WHO STRIKES WITH A HAMMER OR WITH AN ADZE, AND HE WHO BORES [A HOLE], HOWEVER LITTLE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'However little' applies to all the foregoing labours. ');">¹</span></small> IS CULPABLE. THIS IS THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE: WHOEVER DOES WORK ON THE SABBATH AND HIS WORK ENDURES,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., it is not necessary to add thereto, which on occasion may be complete in itself ');">²</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> כל שהוא למאי חזיא א"ר ירמיה שכן עני חופר גומא להצניע בה פרוטותיו דכוותה גבי משכן שכן תופרי יריעות חופרין גומא להצניע בה מחטיהן אביי אמר כיון דמשתכי לא עבדי הכי אלא שכן עני עושה פיטפוטי כירה קטנה לשפות עליה קדירה קטנה דכוותה גבי משכן מבשלי סמנין לצבוע יריעות שחסרה מלאכתן עושין פיטפוטי כירה קטנה לשפות עליה יורה קטנה

IS CULPABLE. R. SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAID: HE TOO IS CULPABLE WHO BEATS WITH THE SLEDGE HAMMER ON THE ANVIL AT THE TIME OF HIS WORK, BECAUSE HE IS AS ONE WHO IMPROVES HIS WORK.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is explained in the Gemara. ');">³</span> </small>

רב אחא בר יעקב אמר אין עניות במקום עשירות אלא שכן בעה"ב שיש לו נקב בבירתו וסותמו דכוותה גבי משכן שכן קרש שנפלה בו דרנא מטיף לתוכה אבר וסותמו

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. <small>'HOWEVER LITTLE'</small> — what is that fit for? — Said R. Jeremiah: Because a poor man digs a hole to hide his perutoth therein.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Perutah. pl. perutoth, a very small coin. Thus we find an instance of very little building, and therefore this sets the standard. Money was hidden in the earth. Cf. B.M. 42a: 'Money can only be guarded by placing it in the earth'; Josephus. Wars, V. 7. 2: 'which the owners have treasured up underground against the uncertain fortunes of war'. ');">⁴</span> Similarly in connection with the Tabernacle<a rel="footnote" href="#102b_5">⁵</a>

אמר שמואל המצדד את האבן חייב מיתיבי אחד נותן את האבן ואחד נותן את הטיט הנותן את הטיט חייב

such a labour was performed because those who sewed the curtain dug holes to put away their needles therein. Said Abaye. Since they would rust, they would not do so! Rather [say]: because a poor man makes the feet of a small stove to place a pot upon it. Similarly in connection with the Tabernacle, [such a labor was performed] because those who boiled the dyes for dyeing the curtains, when their materials [the finished dyes] were insufficient, they made the feet of a small stove to place a small kettle upon it. Said R. Aha b. Jacob: There is no poverty in the place of wealth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This would never be necessary there, for everything was prepared in large quantities. ');">⁶</span> Rather [say] because a householder who finds a hole in his dwelling closes it up. Similarly in connection with the Tabernacle, [such a labour was performed] because when a board was attacked by wood-worms, one dropped molten lead into it and closed it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All these are instances of building. ');">⁷</span>

וליטעמיך אימא סיפא רבי יוסי אומר ואפילו העלה והניח על גבי דימוס של אבנים חייב אלא תלתא בנייני הוו תתא מציעא ועילא תתא בעי צדודי ועפרא מציעא בעי נמי טינא עילאי בהנחה בעלמא:

Samuel said: He who arranges a building stone<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shifting the stone about on the ground until it is in the right spot. ');">⁸</span> is culpable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For building, even if no mortar is used. ');">⁹</span>

והמסתת: מסתת משום מאי מיחייב רב אמר משום בונה ושמואל אמר משום מכה בפטיש העושה נקב בלול של תרנגולים רב אמר משום בונה ושמואל אמר משום מכה בפטיש עייל שופתא בקופינא דמרא רב אמר משום בונה ושמואל אמר משום מכה בפטיש

An objection is raised: If one places the stone and another the mortar, he who places the mortar is culpable?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not the former, which contradicts Samuel. ');">¹⁰</span> — But according to your view, consider the second clause: R. Jose said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosaf. omits 'R. Jose said', and Wilna Gaon makes a somewhat similar emendation. ');">¹¹</span>

וצריכא דאי אשמעינן קמייתא בההיא קאמר רב משום דדרך בנין בכך אבל עושה נקב בלול של תרנגולים דאין דרך בנין בכך אימא מודה ליה לשמואל ואי אשמעינן בהא בהא קאמר רב משום דדמי לבנין דעבדיה לאוירא

Even if one lifts up [the stone] and sets [it] on the row of stones, he is liable? Rather [the fact is that] there are three modes of building, [viz., in connection with] the lower, the middle, and the upper [rows]. The lower requires arranging in place and [filling] earth [around it];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But no mortar, and Samuel refers to this. ');">¹²</span> the middle<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This means all the rows between the bottom and the top rows. ');">¹³</span>

אבל שופתא בקופינא דמרא דאין דרך בנין בכך אימא מודה ליה לשמואל ואי אשמעינן בהא בהא קאמר שמואל אבל בהנך תרתי אימא מודה ליה לרב צריכא

requires mortar too; whilst the top merely [requires] placing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without the meticulous care needed for the bottom row, since nothing was to go upon it. ');">¹⁴</span> <small>AND HE WHO CHISELS</small>. On what score is a chiseller culpable? — Rab said: On the score of building: while Samuel said: On the score of beating with a hammer.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This being the completion of the work, v. supra 75b. ');">¹⁵</span>

בעא מיניה רב נתן בר אושעיא מרבי יוחנן מסתת משום מאי מיחייב אחוי ליה בידיה משום מכה בפטיש והאנן תנן המסתת והמכה בפטיש אימא המסתת המכה בפטיש

If one makes a hole in a hencoop,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For ventilation, etc. ');">¹⁶</span> — Rab said: [He is culpable] on account of building; while Samuel said: On account of beating with a hammer. If one inserts a pin through the eyelet of a spade,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: the pin passed through the handle and made it fast to the blade. ');">¹⁷</span>

ת"ש

— Rab said: [He is liable] on account of building; while Samuel said: On account of beating with a hammer. Now, these are [all] necessary. For if we were informed of the first, [I would argue]: in that case Rab rules [so], because such is a mode of building;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Chiselling a stone to smooth it is an essential part of building. ');">¹⁸</span> but if one makes a hole in a hen-coop, seeing that this is not a mode of building, I would maintain that he agrees with Samuel. And if we were informed of this [latter one only], — here does Rab rule [thus], because it is similar to a building, since it is made for ventilation; but [as for inserting] a pin through the eyelet of a spade, which is not a mode of building, I would say that he agrees with Samuel. And if we were told of this [latter one], only here does Samuel rule [thus], but in the former two I would maintain that he agrees with Samuel:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By reversing the former argument. ');">¹⁹</span> [hence] they are necessary. R. Nathan b. Oshaia asked R. Johanan: On what grounds is a chiseller culpable? He intimated to him with his hand, On account of beating with a hammer. But we learnt, <small>HE WHO CHISELS AND HE WHO BEATS WITH A HAMMER?</small> — Say, <small>'HE WHO CHISELS, WHO BEATS WITH A HAMMER'.</small><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The latter being explanatory of the former. ');">²⁰</span> Come and hear: