Shabbat 21

Chapter 21

א כ"ו דכתיב (בראשית יד, ד) שתים עשרה שנה עבדו את כדרלעומר ושלש עשרה שנה מרדו ובארבע עשרה שנה וגו':
1 [lasted] twenty-six [years], as it is written, Twelve years they served Chedorlaomer, and thirteen years they rebelled. And in the fourteenth year, etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XIV, 4f. During the twelve years of servitude, the thirteen of rebellion, and the fourteenth of war, they were not at peace; this leaves 26 years of peace before its destruction. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> Raba b. Mehasia also said in the name of R. Hama b. Goria in Rab's name: Every city whose roofs are higher than the synagogue will ultimately be destroyed, as it is said, to exalt the house of our God, and to repair the ruins thereof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezra IX, 9. Thus, when 'the house of our God' is exalted, the ruins are repaired; the present saying is its converse. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב כל עיר שגגותיה גבוהין מבית הכנסת לסוף חרבה שנאמר (עזרא ט, ט) לרומם את בית אלהינו ולהעמיד את חרבותיו וה"מ בבתים אבל בקשקושי ואברורי לית לן בה אמר רב אשי אנא עבדי למתא מחסיא דלא חרבה והא חרבה מאותו עון לא חרבה:
2 Yet that refers only to houses; but as for towers and turrets, we have no objection. R. Ashi said: I achieved for the town of Mehasia<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A famous town near Sura on the Euphrates (Obermeyer, p. 188) which possessed an academy of which R. Ashi was the principal. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> that it was not destroyed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By not permitting houses to be built higher than the Synagogue. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב תחת ישמעאל ולא תחת נכרי תחת נכרי ולא תחת חבר תחת חבר ולא תחת תלמיד חכם תחת ת"ח ולא תחת יתום ואלמנה:
3 But it was destroyed!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There is evidence that Mehasia was still standing in the second half of the seventh; consequently the destruction mentioned here must have been a partial one; ibid. p. 290. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> — It was not destroyed as a result of that sin.
ד ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב כל חולי ולא חולי מעים כל כאב ולא כאב לב כל מיחוש ולא מיחוש ראש כל רעה ולא אשה רעה:
4 Raba b. Mehasia also said in the name of R. Hama b. Goria in Rab's name: [Let one be] under an Ishmaelite but not under a 'stranger';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec.: Edomite. Jast.: rather under Arabic dominion than under Byzantium. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> under a stranger but not under a Gueber;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Parsee, v. Git., Sonc. ed., p. 63, n. 2. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ה ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב אם יהיו כל הימים דיו ואגמים קולמוסים ושמים יריעות וכל בני אדם לבלרין אין מספיקים לכתוב חללה של רשות מאי קראה אמר רב משרשיא (משלי כה, ג) שמים לרום וארץ לעומק ולב מלכים אין חקר:
5 under a Parsee but not under a scholar; under a scholar but not under an orphan or a widow.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A scholar is quick to punish; and God himself punishes an affront to an orphan or widow. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> Raba b. Mehasia also said in the name of R. Hama b. Goria in Rab's name: Rather any complaint, but not a complaint of the bowels; any pain, but not heart pain; any ache, but not head ache; any evil, but not an evil wife!
ו ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב יפה תענית לחלום כאש לנעורת אמר רב חסדא ובו ביום ואמר רב יוסף אפי' בשבת
6 Raba b. Mehasia also said in the name of R. Hama b. Goria in Rab's name: If all seas were ink, reeds pens, the heavens parchment, and all men writers, they would not suffice to write down the intricacies of government. Said R. Mesharshia, What verse [teaches this]? The heaven for height, and the earth for depth, and the heart of kings is unsearchable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. XXV, 3. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> Raba b. Mehasia also said in the name of R. Hama b. Goria in Rab's name: Fasting is as potent against a dream as fire against tow.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Dreams were believed portents foreshadowing the future, though, as seen here, the evil they foretold might be averted. Cf. Ber. 55-58. B.B. 10a; Yoma 87b et passim. Though R. Meir said,' Dreams neither help nor harm,' (Hor. 13b) we find that he was warned against a certain innkeeper in a dream (Yoma 38b). ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ז רבי יהושע בריה דרב אידי איקלע לבי רב אשי עבדי ליה עיגלא תילתא אמרו ליה לטעום מר מידי אמר להו בתענית יתיבנא אמרו ליה ולא סבר ליה מר להא דרב יהודה דאמר רב יהודה לוה אדם תעניתו ופורע א"ל תענית חלום הוא ואמר רבא בר מחסיא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא אמר רב יפה תענית לחלום כאש לנעורת ואמר רב חסדא ובו ביום ואמר רב יוסף אפי' בשבת:
7 Said R. Hisda: Providing it is on that very day. R. Joseph added: And even on the Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though otherwise fasting is forbidden on the Sabbath, a dream-fast is permitted. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> R. Joshua son of R. Idi chanced on the home of R. Ashi. A third grown calf<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Rashi in 'Er. 63a. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ח ואם התחילו אין מפסיקין מפסיקין לק"ש: הא תנא ליה רישא אין מפסיקין סיפא אתאן לדברי תורה דתניא חברים שהיו עוסקין בתורה מפסיקין לק"ש ואין מפסיקין לתפלה א"ר יוחנן לא שנו אלא כגון ר"ש בן יוחי וחביריו שתורתן אומנותן אבל כגון אנו מפסיקין לק"ש ולתפלה
8 was prepared for him and he was invited, 'Master, partake somewhat.' 'I am engaged in a fast,' he replied. 'And do you not accept Rab Judah's ruling in Rab's name: One may borrow his fast and repay it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If one vows to fast, he may 'borrow,' i.e., postpone it and subsequently 'repay,' i.e., keep it later. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> 'It is a fast on account of a dream,' he answered, 'and Raba b. Mehasia said in the name of R. Hama b. Goria in Rab's name: Fasting is as potent against a dream as fire against tow; and R. Hisda said, Providing it is on that very day; and R. Joseph added: And even on the Sabbath.'
ט והתניא כשם שאין מפסיקין לתפלה כך אין מפסיקין לק"ש כי תני ההיא בעיבור שנה דאמר רב אדא בר אהבה וכן תנו סבי דהגרוניא אמר רבי אלעזר בר צדוק כשהיינו עוסקין בעיבור השנה ביבנה לא היינו מפסיקין לא לקריאת שמע ולא לתפלה:
9 YET IF THEY BEGAN, THEY NEED NOT BREAK OFF. ONE MUST BREAK OFF FOR THE READING OF THE <i>SHEMA'</i>, [BUT NOT FOR PRAYER]. But the first clause teaches, THEY NEED NOT BREAK OFF? — The second clause refers to study.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'words of Torah.' ');"><sup>14</sup></span> For it was taught: If companions [scholars] are engaged in studying, they must break off for the reading of the <i>shema'</i>, but not for prayer. R. Johanan said: This was taught only of such as R. Simeon b. Yohai and his companions, whose study was their profession; but we<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who interrupt our studies for business. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
י <big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> לא יצא החייט במחטו סמוך לחשכה שמא ישכח ויצא ולא הלבלר בקולמוסו ולא יפלה את כליו ולא יקרא לאור הנר באמת אמרו החזן רואה היכן תינוקות קוראין אבל הוא לא יקרא כיוצא בו לא יאכל הזב עם הזבה מפני הרגל עבירה:
10 must break off both for the reading of the <i>shema'</i> and for prayer. But it was taught: Just as they do not break off for the service, so do they not break off for the reading of the <i>shema'</i>? — That was taught in reference to the intercalation of the year.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Jewish year consists of twelve lunar months. As this is about eleven days shorter than the solar year, an additional month was periodically intercalated, and when the Intercalatory Board deliberated the question of prolonging the year, they did not interrupt themselves for the shema or the service. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> For R. Adda b. Ahabah said, and the Elders of Hagrunia<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A town in immediate proximity to Nehardea on the Euphrates. By the middle of the fourth century Nehardea was already on the decline and many scholars preferred to live in Hagrunia, as shown by the phrase, the Elders (i.e., the leading scholars) of Hagrunia. Obermeyer, pp. 265-267. ');"><sup>17</sup></span>
יא <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנן התם לא יעמוד אדם ברה"י וישתה ברה"ר בר"ה וישתה ברה"י אבל אם הכניס ראשו ורובו למקום שהוא שותה מותר
11 recited likewise: R. Eleazar b. Zadok said: When we were engaged in intercalating the year at Yabneh,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The famous town N.W. of Jerusalem which R. Johanan b. Zakkai made the chief academical centre and the seat of the Sanhedrin after the fall of the Jewish state in 70 C.E. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> we made no break for the reading of the <i>shema'</i> or prayer. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. A TAILOR MUST NOT GO OUT WITH HIS NEEDLE NEAR NIGHTFALL,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the Sabbath. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> LEST HE FORGET AND GO OUT,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the evening. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> NOR A SCRIBE WITH HIS QUILL; AND ONE MAY NOT SEARCH HIS GARMENTS [FOR VERMIN, NOR READ BY THE LIGHT OF A LAMP.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lest the light flickers and he tilts the lamp that the oil should flow more freely, which is forbidden on the Sabbath. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> IN TRUTH IT WAS SAID, THE HAZZAN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'supervisor.' In the Talmudic period the word did not denote synagogue reader, as in modern times, but was applied to various functionaries, e.g., the person who supervised children's studies in the synagogue, the beadle, the court crier, and the janitor at academical debates. Possibly the same man combined a number of these functions. V. Sot., Sonc. ed., p. 202, n. 4. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> MAY SEE WHERE THE CHILDREN READ,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Gemara. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> BUT HE HIMSELF MUST NOT READ. SIMILARLY IT WAS SAID, A <i>ZAB</i> MUST NOT DINE TOGETHER WITH A ZABAH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On zab and zabah v. Glos. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> AS IT MAY LEAD TO SIN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., intimacy, which is forbidden. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. We learnt elsewhere: One must not stand in private ground and drink in public ground, or on public ground and drink in private ground;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath. He must not put his head into the other domain, lest he draw the drinking cup to himself, thus transferring an object from one domain to another. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> but if he inserts his head and the greater part [of his body] into the place where he drinks, it is permitted;