Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Shabbat 212

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1

וצבי לגינה ולחצר ולביברין [חייב] רשב"ג אומר לא כל הביברין שוין זה הכלל מחוסר צידה פטור שאינו מחוסר צידה חייב:

AND A DEER INTO A GARDEN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' BaH reads: into a house, garden, etc. V. Halevy, Doroth, I, 3, pp. 233-234 and n. 38 a.l. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> COURTYARD OR VIVARIUM, IS LIABLE. R. SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAID: NOT ALL VIVARIA ARE ALIKE. THIS IS THE GENERAL PRINCIPLE: IF IT [STILL] NEEDS TO BE CAUGHT, HE IS EXEMPT IF IT DOES NOT STILL NEED TO BE CAUGHT,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The animal having been driven into a place where it is easy to seize it. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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2

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנן התם אין צדין דגים מן הביברין בי"ט ואין נותנין לפניהם מזונות אבל צדין חיה ועוף ונותנין לפניהם מזונות ורמינהו ביברין של חיות ושל עופות ושל דגים אין צדין מהם ביום טוב ואין נותנין לפניהם מזונות קשיא חיה אחיה קשיא עופות אעופות

HE IS LIABLE. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. We learnt elsewhere: Fish may not be caught out of aquaria on a Festival, nor may food be placed before them; but beasts and birds may be caught out of vivaria, and food may be placed before them. But the following contradicts it: As for vivaria of beasts, birds and fish, one may not catch [the animals, etc.] out of them on a Festival, and we may not place food before them: [thus the rulings on] beasts are contradictory, and [the rulings on] birds are contradictory. As for [the rulings on] beasts, it is well: there is no difficulty, one agreeing with R. Judah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In our Mishnah, Since he holds that only when an animal is in a house is it regarded as trapped, it follows that it is not trapped in a vivarium, and therefore if one catches a beast out of a vivarium he is guilty, in accordance with the general principle of the Mishnah. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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3

בשלמא חיה אחיה לא קשיא הא רבי יהודה הא רבנן

the other with the Rabbis.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That it is trapped even in a vivarium. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> But [the rulings on] birds are contradictory? And should you say, [The rulings on] birds too are not contradictory: one refers to a covered vivarium,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In which a bird is regarded as already trapped, and so one may catch a bird out of it on a Festival. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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4

אלא עופות אעופות קשיא וכי תימא עופות אעופות נמי לא קשיא הא ביבר מקורה הא ביבר שאינו מקורה והא בית דמקורה הוא ובין לרבי יהודה ובין לרבנן צפור למגדל אין לבית לא

whereas the other refers to an uncovered vivarium — [It might be asked]: But a house is covered, yet both R. Judah and the Rabbis hold, Only [if one hunts a bird] into a turret [is he culpable], but not [if he hunts it] into a house? — Said Rabbah b. R. Huna: Here we treat of a free bird,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Swallow(?). It lives in a house just as in the open and it is difficult to catch it there. But other birds are trapped when driven into a house. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> [the reason being] because it does not submit to domestication.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'authority'. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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5

אמר רבה בר רב הונא הכא בצפור דרור עסקינן לפי שאינה מקבלת מרות דתנא דבי ר' ישמעאל למה נקרא שמה צפור דרור מפני שדרה בבית כבשדה השתא דאתית להכי חיה אחיה נמי לא קשיא הא בביבר גדול הא בביבר קטן

For the School of R. Ishmael taught: Why is it called a free bird? Because it dwells in a house [free] just as in the field. Now that you have arrived at this [answer], [the rulings on] beasts too are not contradictory: one refers to a large vivarium, the other to a small vivarium. What is a large vivarium and what is a small vivarium? Said R. Ashi: Where one can run after and catch it with a single lunge, that is a small vivarium; any other is a large vivarium. Alternatively, if the shadows of the walls fall upon each other, it is a small vivarium; otherwise it is a large vivarium. Alternatively, if there are not many recesses,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Into which the animals may run when chased. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> it is a small vivarium; otherwise it is a large vivarium.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the whole passage v. Bez. 23b. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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6

היכי דמי ביבר גדול היכי דמי ביבר קטן אמר רב אשי כל היכא דרהיט בתריה ומטי לה בחד שיחייא ביבר קטן ואידך ביבר גדול אי נמי כל היכא דנפיל טולא דכתלים אהדדי ביבר קטן ואידך ביבר גדול ואי נמי כל היכא דליכא עוקצי עוקצי ביבר קטן ואידך ביבר גדול:

R. SIMEON B. GAMALIEL SAID, etc. R. Joseph said in Rab Judah's name in Samuel's name: The <i>halachah</i> is as R. Simeon b. Gamaliel. Said Abaye to him, [You say,] The <i>halachah</i> [etc.]: hence it follows that they [the Rabbis] disagree?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But it has just been stated that they too differentiate between large and small vivaria. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> And what difference does that make? he replied.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the Rabbis do not disagree, the halachah is certainly so. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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7

רשב"ג אומר וכו': אמר רב יוסף אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל הלכה כרבן שמעון בן גמליאל אמר ליה אביי הלכה מכלל דפליגי א"ל מאי נפקא לך מינה א"ל גמרא גמור זמורתא תהא

Shall one learn a tradition as it were [merely] a song? he retorted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., why use words superfluously? ');"><sup>12</sup></span> Our Rabbis taught: If one catches a deer that is blind or asleep, he is culpable; a deer that is lame, aged or sick, he is exempt. Abaye asked R. Joseph: What is the difference between them? — The former try to escape;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Their senses are on the alert and they feel the attempt to take them. Hence they need hunting and catching. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>

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8

ת"ר הצד צבי סומא וישן חייב חיגר וזקן וחולה פטור א"ל אביי לרב יוסף מ"ש הני ומ"ש הני הני עבידי לרבויי הני לא עבידי לרבויי והתניא חולה חייב אמר רב ששת לא קשיא הא בחולה מחמת אישתא הא בחולה מחמת אובצנא

the latter do not try to escape. But it was taught: [If one catches] a sick [deer] he is culpable? — Said R. Shesheth, There is no difficulty: one refers to [an animal] sick with fever;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That animal tries to escape. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> the other to [an animal] sick through exhaustion.

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9

ת"ר הצד חגבין גזין צרעין ויתושין בשבת חייב דברי רבי מאיר וחכמים אומרים כל שבמינו ניצוד חייב וכל שאין במינו ניצוד פטור תניא אידך הצד חגבים בשעת הטל פטור בשעת השרב חייב אלעזר בן מהבאי אומר אם היו מקלחות ובאות פטור איבעיא להו אלעזר בן מהבאי ארישא קאי או אסיפא קאי ת"ש הצד חגבין בשעת הטל פטור בשעת השרב חייב אלעזר בן מהבאי אומר אפילו בשעת השרב אם היו מקלחות ובאות פטור:

Our Rabbis taught: He who catches locusts, gazin,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: hagazin; a species of wild bees, or locusts, Jast. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> hornets, or gnats on the Sabbath is culpable: that is the view of R. Meir. But the Sages rule: If that species is hunted, one is liable; if that species is not hunted, one is not liable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Nobody hunts gnats or hornets, as they are of no use. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>

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10

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> צבי שנכנס לבית ונעל אחד בפניו חייב נעלו שנים פטורין לא יכול אחד לנעול ונעלו שנים חייבין ור"ש פוטר:

Another [Baraitha] taught: He who catches locusts at the time of dew is not liable;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: they are blind then and need no catching. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> at the time of dry heat [midday], is liable. Eleazar b. Mahabai said: If they advance in thick swarms, he is not culpable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They are easily taken and need no catching. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>

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11

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> א"ר ירמיה בר אבא אמר שמואל הצד ארי בשבת אינו חייב עד שיכניסנו לגורזקי שלו:

The scholars asked: Does Eleazar b. Mahabai refer to the first clause or to the last? — Come and hear: He who catches locusts at the time of dew is not liable; at the time of dry heat, is liable. Eleazar b. Mahabai said: Even at the time of dry heat, if they advance in thick swarms he is not culpable. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A DEER ENTERS A HOUSE AND ONE PERSON SHUTS [THE DOOR] BEFORE IT, HE IS CULPABLE; IF TWO SHUT IT, THEY ARE EXEMPT. IF ONE COULD NOT SHUT IT, AND BOTH SHUT IT, THEY ARE CULPABLE. R. SIMEON DECLARES [THEM] EXEMPT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In accordance with his view supra 92b. ');"><sup>19</sup></span>

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12

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ישב האחד על הפתח ולא מילאהו ישב השני ומילאהו השני חייב ישב הראשון על הפתח ומילאהו ובא השני וישב בצידו אף על פי שעמד הראשון והלך לו הראשון חייב והשני פטור הא למה זה דומה לנועל את ביתו לשומרו ונמצא צבי שמור בתוכו:

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. R. Jeremiah b. Abba said in Samuel's name: If one catches a lion on the Sabbath he is not culpable unless he entices it into its cage. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF ONE SITS DOWN IN THE DOORWAY BUT DOES NOT FILL IT, AND A SECOND SITS DOWN AND FILLS IT,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thereby effectively trapping an animal that has entered the house. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> THE SECOND IS CULPABLE. IF THE FIRST SITS DOWN IN THE DOORWAY AND FILLS IT, AND A SECOND COMES AND SITS DOWN AT HIS SIDE, EVEN IF THE FIRST [THEN] RISES AND DEPARTS, THE FIRST IS CULPABLE WHILE THE SECOND IS EXEMPT. WHAT DOES THIS RESEMBLE? ONE WHO SHUTS HIS HOUSE TO GUARD IT,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not to trap an animal. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> AND A DEER IS [THEREBY] FOUND TO BE GUARDED THEREIN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a deer which had previously been caught; so here too the first, by filling up the doorway, traps the deer, and the second only guards all animal already caught. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>

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