Shabbat 24

Chapter 24

א רבי יהודה אומר המקום ירחם עליך ועל חולי ישראל רבי יוסי אומר המקום ירחם עליך בתוך חולי ישראל שבנא איש ירושלים בכניסתו אומר שלום וביציאתו אומר שבת היא מלזעוק ורפואה קרובה לבא ורחמיו מרובין ושבתו בשלום כמאן אזלא הא דאמר רבי חנינא מי שיש לו חולה בתוך ביתו צריך שיערבנו בתוך חולי ישראל כמאן כר' יוסי
1 R. Judah said, 'May the Omnipresent have compassion upon you and upon the sick of Israel.' R. Jose said, 'May the Omnipresent have compassion upon you in the midst of the sick of Israel.' Shebna, a citizen of Jerusalem, on entering would say 'Peace'; and on leaving, 'It is the Sabbath, when one must not cry out and healing will soon come, His compassion is abundant and enjoy the Sabbath rest in peace.' With whom does this dictum of R. Hanina agree: One who has an invalid in his house should combine him with other Jewish sick?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., pray for him as one of many. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> With whom? — With R. Jose. R. Hanina also said: It was [only] with difficulty that comforting mourners and visiting the sick was permitted on the Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because both induce grief, which is contrary to the spirit of the Sabbath, which is 'a day of delight.' ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב ואמר רבי חנינא בקושי התירו לנחם אבלים ולבקר חולים בשבת אמר רבה בר בר חנה כי הוה אזלינן בתריה דרבי אלעזר לשיולי בתפיחה זימנין אמר המקום יפקדך לשלום וזימנין אמר (ליה) רחמנא ידכרינך לשלם היכי עביד הכי והאמר רב יהודה לעולם אל ישאל אדם צרכיו בלשון ארמי ואמר רבי יוחנן כל השואל צרכיו בלשון ארמי אין מלאכי השרת נזקקין לו שאין מלאכי השרת מכירין בלשון ארמי שאני חולה דשכינה עמו
2 Rabbah b. Bar Hanah said: When we followed R. Eleazar to inquire after a sick person. sometimes he would say to him, [in Hebrew], 'The Omnipresent visit thee in peace'; at others, be said, [in Aramaic], 'The Omnipresent remember thee in peace'. But how might he do thus: did not Rab Judah say, One should never petition for his needs in Aramaic; and R. Johanan said: When one petitions for his needs in Aramaic, the Ministering Angels do not heed him, for they do not understand Aramaic?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Angels were held to mediate between God and man, carrying the prayers of the latter to the Former (Tobit XII, 12, 15). This is not to be compared with prayer to or worshipping angels, from which Judaism is free. 'Not as one who would first send his servant to a friend to ask for aid in his hour of need should man apply to Michael, or Gabriel, to intercede for him; but he should turn immediately to God Himself, for 'whosoever shall call on the name of the Lord shall be delivered'. (Joel III, 5; Yer. Ber. IX, 13a. Many Rabbinical authorities disapprove even of invoking angels as mediators, as shown by the passage quoted; v. Zunz, S P. p. 148.) ');"><sup>3</sup></span> — An invalid is different, because the Divine Presence is with him. For R. 'Anan said in Rab's name, How do you know that the Divine Presence supports an invalid? Because it is written, The Lord supports him upon the couch of languishing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. XLI, 4. — Hence he does not need the angel's intercession, ');"><sup>4</sup></span> It was taught likewise: One who enters [a house] to visit the sick may sit neither upon the bed nor on a seat, but must wrap himself about<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In a spirit of reverence. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ג דאמר רב ענן אמר רב מנין ששכינה סועד את החולה שנאמר (תהלים מא, ד) ה' יסעדנו על ערש דוי תניא נמי הכי הנכנס לבקר את החולה לא ישב לא על גבי מטה ולא על גבי כסא אלא מתעטף ויושב לפניו מפני ששכינה למעלה מראשותיו של חולה שנאמר ה' יסעדנו על ערש דוי ואמר רבא אמר רבין מנין שהקב"ה זן את החולה שנאמר ה' יסעדנו על ערש דוי:
3 and sit in front of him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Ned. 40a the reading is, 'upon the ground.' ');"><sup>6</sup></span> for the Divine Presence is above an invalid's pillow, as it is said, The Lord supports him upon the couch of languishing. And Raba said in Rabin's name: How do we know that the Holy One, blessed be He, sustains the sick? Because it is said, The Lord supports him on the couch of languishing. NOR MUST HE READ BY THE LIGHT OF A LAMP. Raba said: Even if it is as high as twice a man's stature, or as two ox-goads [height],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Probably twice the height of an ass and its saddle. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ד ולא יקרא לאור הנר: אמר רבה אפילו גבוה שתי קומות ואפי' שתי מרדעות ואפילו עשרה בתים זו על גב זו חד הוא דלא ליקרי הא תרי שפיר דמי והתניא לא אחד ולא שנים אמר ר' אלעזר לא קשיא כאן בענין אחד כאן בשני ענינים אמר רב הונא ובמדורה אפי' עשרה בני אדם אסור
4 or even as ten houses on top of each other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the lamp is inaccessible and cannot be tilted, the Rabbis enacted a general measure without distinctions. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> One alone may not read, but for two [together] it is well?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This follows from the use of the singular in the Mishnah. But when two read, each may remind the other should he wish to tilt the lamp. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> But it was taught: Neither one nor two! — Said R. Eleazar, There is no difficulty: the former refers to one subject; the latter to two.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When both are reading the same subject in the scroll, each can remind the other. But if they are occupied with different subjects, neither thinks of his companion. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ה אמר רבא אם אדם חשוב הוא מותר מיתיבי לא יקרא לאור הנר שמא יטה אמר ר' ישמעאל בן אלישע אני אקרא ולא אטה פעם א' קרא ובקש להטות אמר כמה גדולים דברי חכמים שהיו אומרים לא יקרא לאור הנר ר' נתן אומר קרא והטה וכתב על פנקסו אני ישמעאל בן אלישע קריתי והטיתי נר בשבת לכשיבנה בהמ"ק אביא חטאת שמנה א"ר אבא שאני ר' ישמעאל בן אלישע הואיל ומשים עצמו על דברי תורה כהדיוט
5 R. Huna said: But by [the light] of an open fire even ten people are forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Each sits at a distance from the other, and any one may forget himself and stir up the fire. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> Said Raba: If he is an important man,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who is not accustomed even on weekdays to trim the lamp. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> it is permitted.
ו תני חדא שמש בודק כוסות וקערות לאור הנר ותניא אידך לא יבדוק לא קשיא כאן בשמש קבוע כאן בשמש שאינו קבוע ואי בעית אימא הא והא בשמש קבוע ולא קשיא הא בדמשחא והא בדנפטא
6 An objection is raised: One must not read by the light of a lamp, lest he tilt [it]. Said R. Ishmael b. Elisha, 'I will read and will not tilt.' Yet once he read and wished to tilt. 'How great are the words of the Sages!' he exclaimed, 'who said, One must not read by the light of a lamp.' R. Nathan said, He read and did tilt [it], and wrote in his note book, 'I, Ishmael b. Elisha, did read and tilt the lamp on the Sabbath. When the Temple is rebuilt I will bring a fat sin-offering.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This shows that the prohibition applies even to a great man like R. Ishmael b. Elisha. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> — R. Ishmael b. Elisha was different, since he treated himself as an ordinary person in respect to religious matters. One [Baraitha] taught: An attendant may examine glasses and plates by the light of a lamp; and another taught: He must not examine [them]! There is no difficulty: one refers to a permanent attendant, the other to a temporary one.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The former is more careful, and may tilt the lamp to see whether there is the least grease on the crockery; hence he must not examine them by a lamp. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>
ז איבעיא להו שמש שאינו קבוע בדמשחא מהו אמר רב הלכה ואין מורין כן ור' ירמיה בר אבא אמר הלכה ומורין כן ר' ירמיה בר אבא איקלע לבי רב אסי קם שמעיה קא בדיק לנהורא דשרגא אמרה ליה דביתהו ומר לא עביד הכי אמר לה שבקיה כרביה ס"ל:
7 Alternatively, both refer to a permanent attendant yet there is no difficulty: one refers to [a lamp fed with] oil, the other to naphtha.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The latter emits an unpleasant odour, and so one naturally refrains from tilting. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> The scholars propounded: What of a temporary attendant and a [lamp fed with] oil? — Rab said: There is the <i>halachah</i>, but we do not teach thus.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is permitted, but this must not be publicly diffused. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> R. Jeremiah b. Abba said: There is the <i>halachah</i> and we teach it so. R. Jeremiah b. Abba chanced to visit R. Assi. Now, his<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Jeremiah's. ');"><sup>17</sup></span>
ח באמת אמרו החזן כו': והאמרת רישא רואה מאי לאו לקרות לא לסדר ראשי פרשיותיו וכן אמר רבה בר שמואל אבל מסדר הוא ראשי פרשיותיו וכולה פרשה לא
8 attendant arose and examined [the glasses] by candlelight.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In R. Assi's house; he was not of course a permanent attendant. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> Thereupon his [R. Assi's] wife said to him [R. Assi], 'But you do not act thus!' 'Let him be,' he answered her, 'he holds with his master.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The light of naphtha (or of a candle) is the same as the light of an oil-fed lamp, ');"><sup>19</sup></span> IN TRUTH IT WAS SAID, THE HAZZAN etc., But you say in the first clause, [HE] MAY SEE; Surely that means to read?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How then explain BUT HE HIMSELF MAY NOT READ? ');"><sup>20</sup></span> — No: to arrange the beginnings of the sections.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In ancient times the Pentateuch portion which was part of the Sabbath service was read by a number of worshippers (on Sabbaths, seven), whilst the hazzan prompted them. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> And Rabbah b. Samuel said likewise: But he may arrange the beginnings of the sections; But not the whole section?