Shabbat 243

א"ל כאותן של בית אביך

Such as those of your father's house, he replied.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Small ones. But heavy ones generally have an appointed place and may not be moved. ');">¹</span> R. Abba b. Kahana also said in R. Hanina's name: The litters<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For carrying people. ');">²</span>

ואמר ר' אבא בר כהנא אמר ר' חנינא קרונות של בית רבי מותר לטלטלן בשבת א"ל ר' זירא בניטלין באדם אחד או בשני בני אדם א"ל כאותן של בית אביך

of Rabbi's household may be handled on the Sabbath. R. Zera asked him: [Does that mean] those that can be moved with one hand, or [even] with two hands? Such as those of your father's house, replied he. R. Abba b. Kahana also said: R. Hanina permitted Rabbis household to drink wine [carried]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. MS.M. ');">³</span>

ואמר ר' אבא בר כהנא התיר להם ר' חנינא לבית רבי לשתות יין בקרונות של נכרי בחותם אחד ולא ידענא אי משום דסבר לה כר' אליעזר אי משום אימתא דבי נשיאה:

in gentile coaches<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Left in the charge of Gentiles. ');">⁴</span> [sealed] with one seal,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To prevent the Gentiles from tampering with it. Normally two seals are required. ');">⁵</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> נכרי שהדליק את הנר משתמש לאורו ישראל ואם בשביל ישראל אסור מילא מים להשקות בהמתו משקה אחריו ישראל ואם בשביל ישראל אסור עשה נכרי כבש לירד בו יורד אחריו ישראל ואם בשביל ישראל אסור מעשה ברבן גמליאל וזקנים שהיו באין בספינה ועשה נכרי כבש לירד בו וירדו בו ר"ג וזקנים:

and I do not know whether it is because he agrees with R. Eliezer<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In A.Z. 31a, that for wine only one seal is required. ');">⁶</span> or because of the [Gentile's] fear of the Nasi's household.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which would prevent the Gentile from tampering with the wine. ');">⁷</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> וצריכא דאי אשמעינן נר משום דנר לאחד נר למאה אבל מים ליגזר דילמא אתי לאפושי בשביל ישראל וכבש ל"ל מעשה דרבן גמליאל וזקנים קמ"ל

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF A GENTILE LIGHTS A LAMP, AN ISRAELITE MAY MAKE USE OF ITS LIGHT; BUT IF [HE DOES IT] FOR THE SAKE OF THE ISRAELITE, IT IS FORBIDDEN. IF HE DRAWS WATER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From a pit in the street. ');">⁸</span> TO GIVE HIS OWN ANIMAL, TO DRINK, AN ISRAELITE MAY WATER [HIS] AFTER HIM; BUT IF [HE DRAWS IT] FOR THE ISRAELITES SAKE, IT IS FORBIDDEN. IF A GENTILE MAKES A STAIRWAY TO DESCEND BY IT,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: a gangway from a large ship to dry land. ');">⁹</span>

ת"ר נכרי שליקט עשבים מאכיל אחריו ישראל ואם בשביל ישראל אסור מילא מים להשקות בהמתו משקה אחריו ישראל ואם בשביל ישראל אסור בד"א שאין מכירו אבל מכירו אסור

AN ISRAELITE MAY DESCEND AFTER HIM; BUT IF ON THE ISRAELITES ACCOUNT, IT IS FORBIDDEN. IT ONCE HAPPENED THAT R. GAMALIEL AND THE ELDERS WERE TRAVELING IN A SHIP, WHEN A GENTILE MADE A STAIRWAY FOR GOING DOWN, AND R. GAMALIEL, AND THE ELDERS DESCENDED BY IT. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Now these are [all] necessary. For if we were informed [about] a lamp, that is because a lamp for one is a lamp for a hundred; but as for water, [I might say] let us forbid it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even when the Gentile draws it for his own use. ');">¹⁰</span>

איני והאמר רב הונא אמר רבי חנינא מעמיד אדם בהמתו על גבי עשבים בשבת אבל לא על גבי מוקצה בשבת דקאים לה באפה ואזלא היא ואכלה

lest he come to increase [the quantity drawn] on the Israelite's account.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whilst ostensibly drawing it for himself. ');">¹¹</span> What is the need of [the ruling about] a stairway?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That is analogous to a lamp — the same stairway suffices for many as for one. ');">¹²</span>

אמר מר בד"א שאין מכירו אבל מכירו אסור הא רבן גמליאל מכירו הוה אמר אביי שלא בפניו הוה רבא אמר אפי' תימא בפניו נר לאחד נר למאה

He tells us the story of R. Gamaliel and the elders. Our Rabbis taught: if a Gentile gathers herbs,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As animal fodder. ');">¹³</span>

מיתיבי אמר להן רבן גמליאל הואיל ושלא בפנינו עשאו נרד בו אימא הואיל ועשאו נרד בו

an Israelite may feed [his cattle therewith] after him, but if [he gathers] on the Israelite's account, it is forbidden. If he draws water to give his cattle to drink, an Israelite may water [his] after him, but if on the Israelite's account, it is forbidden. When is that? If he does not know him; but if he knows him it is forbidden. But that is not so? For R. Huna said in R. Hanina's name: A man may stand his cattle on grass on the Sabbath,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., on grass attached to the soil, and we do not fear that he may thereby come to cut grass for his animal. ');">¹⁴</span> but not on mukzeh<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Fodder stored away for later use; this may not be handled on the Sabbath as mukzeh (v. Glos.); hence its designation. ');">¹⁵</span>

תא שמע עיר שישראל ונכרים דרין בתוכה והיתה בה מרחץ המרחצת בשבת אם רוב נכרים מותר לרחוץ בה מיד אם רוב ישראל ימתין בכדי שיחמו חמין התם כי מחממי אדעתא דרובא מחממי

on the Sabbath!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lest he take it and feed the animal. But grass cut on the Sabbath is also mukzeh and may not be handled, since it was not fit for handling detached before the Sabbath. ');">¹⁶</span> — It means that he stands in front of it [the animal],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Barring its way to elsewhere and so making it go on to the detached grass; but he does not actually lead the animal himself; then it is permitted. ');">¹⁷</span>

תא שמע נר הדלוק במסיבה אם רוב נכרים מותר להשתמש לאורה אם רוב ישראל אסור מחצה על מחצה אסור התם נמי כי מדלקי

and so it goes [there] and eats. The Master said: 'When is that? If he does not know him; but if he knows him, it is forbidden.' But R. Gamaliel [is a case where] he knew him?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he travelled with R. Gamaliel in the boat. ');">¹⁸</span> — Said Abaye: It was not [made] in his presence.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Then the Gentile certainly did not make it for him. ');">¹⁹</span> Raba said: You may even say that it was in his presence: 'a lamp for one is a lamp for a hundred.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He needed the gangway for himself, and there is no extra work even if he had R. Gamaliel in mind. But one may cut more grass on the Jew's account. ');">²⁰</span> An objection is raised: R. Gamaliel said to them, 'Since he did not make it in our presence, let us go down by it?' — Say: 'Since he made it, let us go down by it.' Come and hear: If a city inhabited by Israelites and Gentiles contains baths where there is bathing on the Sabbath, if the majority are Gentiles, one [an Israelite] may bathe therein immediately;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the Sabbath, because it was heated primarily for Gentiles. ');">²¹</span> if the majority are Israelites, one must walt until hot water could be heated.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the Sabbath, so as not to benefit from the heating of the water on the Sabbath. Now, the water had to be heated for the Gentiles in any case, and there is no real difference between heating for one or for many; further, it was not heated in the Jews' presence, yet one must not benefit from it. This contradicts both Abaye and Raba. ');">²²</span> — There, when they heat, they do so with a view to the majority.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence it is regarded as specifically for Jews. ');">²³</span> Come and hear: If a lamp is burning at a banqueting party:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Having been lit on the Sabbath. ');">²⁴</span> if the majority are Gentiles, one may make use of its light; if the majority are Israelites, it is forbidden; if half and half, it is forbidden?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This contradicts Raba. ');">²⁵</span> — There too, when they light it,