Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Shabbat 245

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1

דבר שמלאכתו לאיסור לצורך גופו מותר

An article whose function is a forbidden labour is permitted when required for itself.

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2

איתיביה אביי לרבה מדוכה אם יש בה שום מטלטלין אותה ואם לאו אין מטלטלין אותה

Abaye raised an objection to Rabbah: A mortar,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For pounding garlic. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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3

א"ל הא מני ר' נחמיה היא דאמר אין כלי ניטל אלא לצורך תשמישו

if containing garlic, may be moved;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On account of the garlic, to which the mortar is merely subsidiary. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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4

איתיביה (ב"ש אומרים אין נוטלין את העלי לקצב עליו בשר וב"ה מתירין) ושוין שאם קצב עליו בשר שאסור לטלטלו

if not, it may not be moved?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since its essential function is forbidden, it may not be moved even for a permitted purpose, which refutes Rabbah. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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5

סבר לשנויי ליה כר' נחמיה כיון דשמעה להא דאמר רב חיננא בר שלמיא משמיה דרב הכל מודים בסיכי זיירי ומזורי דכיון דקפיד עלייהו מייחד להו מקום ה"נ מייחד להו מקום

— The author of this is R. Nehemiah, he replied, who maintains, A utensil may be handled only for the purpose of its [normal] use.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 36a. Whereas our Mishnah disagrees with R. Nehemiah. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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6

איתמר ר' חייא בר אבא אמר ר' יוחנן קורנס של זהבים שנינו רב שמן בר אבא אמר קורנס של בשמים שנינו

He objected to him: Yet both hold alike that if he has [already] cut meat upon it, it may not be handled?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference is to a pestle: Beth Shammai rule that it must not be handled on a Festival for cutting meat thereon, because its normal use, sc. pounding, is forbidden on a Festival; Beth Hillel permit it, so as not to hinder the joy of the Festival. But if the meat has already been cut upon it, so that the permissive reason no longer holds good, Beth Hillel admits that it may not be handled. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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7

מאן דאמר דבשמים כ"ש דזהבים מאן דאמר של זהבים אבל דבשמים קפיד עלייהו:

— He thought of answering him that this agrees with R. Nehemiah, but when he heard R. Hinena b. Shalmia's dictum in Rab's name: All agree in respect of the dyer's pins, tubs, and beams:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi and Jast. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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8

ואת הכוש ואת הכרכר כו': ת"ר פגה שטמנה בתבן וחררה שטמנה בגחלים אם מגולה מקצתה מותר לטלטלה ואם לאו אסור לטלטלה

since one is particular about them he appoints a [special] place for them; so here too one appoints a special place for it [the pestle].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whence it is not to be moved for any other purpose but its own. This lays a stronger prohibition upon it; hence it may not be handled. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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9

ר"א בן תדאי אומר תוחבין בכוש או בכרכר והן מנערות מאיליהם אמר רב נחמן הלכה כר"א בן תדאי

It was stated, R. Hiyya b. Abba said in R. Johanan's name: We learnt [in our Mishnah] of a goldsmith's hammer; R. Shaman b. Abba said: We learnt of a spice hammer. He who says a spice [hammer], all the more so a goldsmith's [hammer].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That it may be used, and the more so is an ordinary smith's hammer — in agreement with Rabbah. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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10

למימרא דסבר רב נחמן טלטול מן הצד לא שמיה טלטול והאמר רב נחמן האי פוגלא מלמעל' למטה שרי ממטה למעלה אסיר הדר ביה רב נחמן מההיא:

He who says a goldsmith's, — but one is particular about a spice [hammer].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not to use it for anything else, lest it become too soiled for subsequent use on spices. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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11

מחט של יד ליטול בה כו': שלח ליה רבא בריה דרבה לרב יוסף ילמדנו רבינו מחט שניטל חררה או עוקצה מהו

A REED OR A WHORL, etc. Our Rabbis taught: If an unripe fig was hidden in straw,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For it to ripen. Straw is mukzeh for making bricks. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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12

א"ל תניתוה מחט של יד ליטול בה את הקוץ וכי מה איכפת ליה לקוץ בין נקובה לבין שאינה נקובה

or a cake which was hidden in live coals,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before the Sabbath. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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13

איתיביה מחט שניטל חררה או עוקצה טהורה

and part thereof is uncovered, it may be handled;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the straw or the coals themselves need not be handled. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>

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14

אמר אביי טומאה אשבת קרמית טומאה כלי מעשה בעינן לענין שבת מידי דחזי בעינן והא נמי חזיא למשקלא בה קוץ

but if not, it may not be handled. R. Eleazar b. Taddai said: One impales them on a reed or a whorl, and they [the straw or coals] are shaken off of their own accord. R. Nahman said: The <i>halachah</i> is as R. Eleazar b. Taddai. Shall we say that R. Nahman holds, Indirect<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'from the side'. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>

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15

אמר רבא מאן דקמותיב שפיר קמותיב מדלענין טומאה לאו מנא הוא לענין שבת נמי לאו מנא הוא

handling is not designated handling?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 43b. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>

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16

מיתיבי מחט בין נקובה בין שאינה נקובה מותר לטלטלה בשבת ולא אמרו נקובה אלא לענין טומאה בלבד

Surely R. Nahman said: 'A radish, if it is the right way up, is permitted; if it is reversed,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'from top to bottom … from bottom to top'. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>

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17

תרגמא אביי אליבא דרבא בגולמי עסקינן זימנין דמימלך עלייהו ומשוי להו מנא אבל היכא דניטל חררה או עוקצה אדם זורקה לבין גרוטאות

it is forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reference is to a detached radish stored in loose earth in the ground: if it is the right side up, one may pull it out, because since the top of the radish is broader than the bottom he does not dislodge any earth; but if reversed, the loose soil will naturally cave in, hence it is tantamount to handling the soil and is forbidden, though it is only indirect handling. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>

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18

אסובי ינוקא רב נחמן אסיר ורב ששת שרי אמר רב נחמן מנא אמינא לה דתנן אין עושין

— R. Nahman retracted from that [ruling]. A SMALL NEEDLE TO REMOVE A THORN, etc. Raba son of Rabbah sent to R. Joseph: Let our Master teach us, What of a needle from which the eye or the point has been removed?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Does it still rank as a utensil and permitted to be handled on the Sabbath? ');"><sup>17</sup></span> We have learnt it, he replied: A SMALL NEEDLE TO REMOVE A THORN: now, what does it matter to the thorn whether it has an eye or not? He [thereupon] put an objection to him: If the eye or the point of a needle is removed, it is clean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows that it is not a utensil. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> — Said Abaye: You oppose defilement to the Sabbath! [For] defilement we require a working utensil,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But if the eye or point is removed the needle is no longer a utensil. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> [whereas] in respect to the Sabbath we require anything that is fit, and this too is fit for removing a splinter. Raba observed, He who raises the objection does so rightly: since it is not a utensil in respect to defilement, it is not a utensil in respect to the Sabbath. An objection is raised: A needle, whether with or without an eye, may be handled on the Sabbath, while one with an eye was specified only in respect to defilement?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 52b. This refutes Raba. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> — Abaye interpreted it on the view of Raba as referring to unfinished utensils, for sometimes he may decide to use it thus and make it rank as a utensil; but if the eye or point is removed one throws it away among the rubbish.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not regarding it as a utensil at all. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> Causing a new-born babe to vomit,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By inserting the finger in its mouth in order to relieve it of its phlegm (Jast.). Rashi: To manipulate and ease a child's limbs. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> R. Nahman forbids, while R. Shesheth permits. R. Nahman said: Whence do I rule thus? Because we learnt: One must not use an emetic<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order to leave room for mere food. ');"><sup>23</sup></span>

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