Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Shabbat 247

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1

ידו על כתף חבירו ויד חבירו על כתיפו ותולה ומפשיט

his hand upon his fellow's shoulder, and his fellow's hand [rested] upon his shoulder, and so [the animal] was suspended and skinned.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But the staves might not be used then. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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2

גלוסטרא דתנן נגר שיש בראשו גלוסטרא ר' יהושע אומר שומטה מן פתח זה ותולה בחבירו בשבת ר' טרפון אומר הרי הוא ככל הכלים ומיטלטל בחצר

'A fastening', as we learnt: If a door-bolt has on its top a fastening contrivance,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This had a thick head and could be used as a pestle. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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3

מדוכה הא דאמרן אמר רבה ממאי דילמא לעולם אימא לך לאחר התרת כלים נשנו קנים טעמא מאי משום איעפושי בהאי פורתא לא מיעפש מקלות אפשר כר' אלעזר

R. Joshua said: One may shift it from one door and hang it on another on the Sabbath;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shometah implies that it may be pushed from one to the other, but not picked up in the usual way. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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4

גלוסטרא כדרבי ינאי דאמר רבי ינאי בחצר שאינה מעורבת עסקינן רבי יהושע סבר תוך הפתח כלפנים דמי וקמטלטל מנא דבתים בחצר ור' טרפון סבר תוך הפתח כלחוץ דמי ומנא דחצר בחצר קא מטלטל

R. Tarfon said: It is like all utensils, and may be moved about in a courtyard. 'A mortar': that which we have stated.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 123b. Now R. Eleazar maintains that all these prohibitions held good only before the extended permission in respect to utensils, by which they were abolished. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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5

מדוכה ר' נחמיה היא:

Said Rabbah, Whence [does that follow]: perhaps in truth I may argue that they were learnt after the permission re utensils. [Thus:] what was the reason of [placing] canes? On account of mouldiness; but in that short while<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 612, n. 7. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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6

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> כל הכלים ניטלין לצורך ושלא לצורך ר' נחמיה אומר אין ניטלין אלא לצורך:

they would not become mouldy. As for the staves, it was possible [to act] as R. Eleazar [stated]. The fastening may be as R. Jannai, who said: We treat here of a courtyard not provided with an 'erub:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Many houses open into the courtyard. Utensils may not be carried from the houses into the yard, but those already in the yard from before the Sabbath may be moved about therein. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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7

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מאי לצורך ומאי שלא לצורך

[now,] R. Joshua holds, The inside of the door<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the fastening contrivance is to be found. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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8

אמר רבה לצורך דבר שמלאכתו להיתר לצורך גופו שלא לצורך דבר שמלאכתו להיתר לצורך מקומו ודבר שמלאכתו לאיסור לצורך גופו אין לצורך מקומו לא ואתא רבי נחמיה למימר ואפילו דבר שמלאכתו להיתר לצורך גופו אין לצורך מקומו לא אמר ליה רבא לצורך מקומו שלא לצורך קרית ליה

is as within, so one carries a utensil of the house through the courtyard;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which if done in the normal way is forbidden; therefore it may only be shifted' (v. n. 4). ');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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9

אלא אמר רבא לצורך דבר שמלאכתו להיתר בין לצורך גופו בין לצורך מקומו שלא לצורך ואפ' מחמה לצל ודבר שמלאכתו לאיסור לצורך גופו ולצורך מקומו אין מחמה לצל לא ואתא רבי נחמיה למימר ואפילו דבר שמלאכתו להיתר לצורך גופו ולצורך מקומו אין מחמה לצל לא

whereas R. Tarfon holds that the inside of the door is as without, so one carries a utensil of the courtyard in the courtyard. As for a mortar, that agrees with R. Nehemiah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who maintains that no utensil may be moved for any but its normal use. Hence all four may have been taught after the extended permission was given: the first two remain forbidden because there was no need for handling them at all, the third is connected with the interdict of carrying from one domain to another, whilst the fourth represents an individual view. ');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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10

יתיב רב ספרא ורב אחא בר הונא ורב הונא בר חנינא ויתבי וקאמרי לרבה אליבא דרבי נחמיה הני קערות היכי מטלטלינן אמר להו רב ספרא מידי דהוה אגרף של רעי

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. ALL UTENSILS MAY BE HANDLED WHETHER REQUIRED OR NOT REQUIRED. R. NEHEMIAH SAID: THEY MAY BE HANDLED ONLY WHEN REQUIRED.

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11

אמר ליה אביי לרבה למר אליבא דרבי נחמיה הני קערות היכי מטלטלינן להו אמר ליה רב ספרא חברין תרגמה מידי דהוה אגרף של רעי

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. What does REQUIRED AND NOT REQUIRED mean? — Rabbah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Alfasi and Asheri read: Abaye. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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12

איתיביה אביי לרבא מדוכה אם יש בה שום מטלטלין אותה ואם לאו אין מטלטלין אותה הכא במאי עסקינן מחמה לצל איתיביה ושוין שאם קיצב עליו בשר שאסור לטלטלו הכא נמי מחמה לצל

said: REQUIRED: an article whose function is for a permitted purpose [may be moved] when required itself; NOT REQUIRED: an article whose function is for a permitted purpose [may be moved] when its place is required;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the article itself is not. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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13

והא דתנן אין סומכין את הקדירה בבקעת וכן בדלת והא בקעת דביום טוב דבר שמלאכתו להיתר הוא אלמא דבר שמלאכתו להיתר בין לצורך גופו בין לצורך מקומו אסור התם מאי טעמא כיון דבשבת דבר שמלאכתו לאיסור הוא גזירה יו"ט אטו שבת

but an article whose function is for a forbidden purpose may [be handled] only when required itself,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a permitted labour. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>

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14

וכי תימא שבת גופיה תישתרי דהא דבר שמלאכתו לאיסור לצורך גופו ולצורך מקומו שרי הני מילי היכא דאיכא תורת כלי עליו היכא דליכא תורת כלי עליו לא

but not when its place is required. Whereupon R. Nehemiah comes to say that even an article whose function is for a permitted purpose [may be handled] only when required itself, but not when its place [alone] is required. Said Raba to him: If its place is required — do you call it: NOT REQUIRED! Rather said Raba: REQUIRED: an article whose function is for a permitted purpose [may be handled] whether required itself or its place is required: NOT REQUIRED [means] even from the sun to the shade; whilst an article whose function is for a forbidden purpose [may be moved] only when required itself or its place is required but not from the sun to the shade. Whereupon R. Nehemiah comes to say that even an article whose function is for a permitted purpose [may be moved] only when required itself or its place is required — but not from the sun to the shade.

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15

ומי גזרינן והתנן משילין פירות דרך ארובה ביום טוב אבל לא בשבת

Now, R. Safra, R. Aha b. Huna, and R. Huna b. Hanina sat and reasoned: According to Rabbah on R. Nehemiah's view, how may we move plates?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After eating the last Sabbath meal, seeing that they are not required for further use on the Sabbath. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>

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16

ומי לא גזרינן והתנן אין בין יו"ט לשבת אלא אוכל נפש בלבד

Said R. Safra to them, By analogy with a pot of excrement.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which may be removed because it is repulsive, and the same applies to dirty plates. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>

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17

אמר רב יוסף לא קשיא הא ר' אליעזר הא רבי יהושע דתניא אותו ואת בנו שנפלו לבור ר' אליעזר אומר מעלה את הראשון על מנת לשוחטו ושוחטו והשני עושה לו פרנסה במקומו בשביל שלא ימות ר' יהושע אומר מעלה את הראשון על מנת לשוחטו ואינו שוחטו ומערים ומעלה את השני רצה זה שוחט רצה זה שוחט

Abaye asked Rabbah: According to you on R. Nehemiah's view, how may we move plates? — R. Safra our colleague has answered it, By analogy with a pot of excrement, he replied.

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18

ממאי דילמא עד כאן לא קאמר ר' אליעזר התם אלא דאפשר לפרנסה אבל היכא דלא אפשר לפרנסה לא

Abaye objected to Raba: A mortar, if containing garlic, may be handled; if not, it may not be handled? — We treat here of [moving it] from the sun to the shade. He [further] objected to him: And both hold alike that if he had already cut meat upon it, it may not be moved?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 123a notes. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>

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19

אי נמי עד כאן לא קאמר רבי יהושע התם דאפשר בהערמה אבל היכא דלא אפשר בהערמה לא

— Here too it means from the sun to the shade. Now, as to what we learnt: 'One may not support a pot with a leg, and the same applies to a door',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On Festivals. V. Bez. 32b ');"><sup>16</sup></span>

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20

אלא אמר רב פפא לא קשיא הא בית שמאי הא בית הלל דתנן בית שמאי אומרים

— but surely a <i>log</i> on a Festival is an article whose function is for a permitted purpose,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. it is used for fuel. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> which shows that an article whose function is for a permitted purpose 'may not [be handled] whether required itself or its place is needed?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For even the first is forbidden here, and the second all the more so. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> — There this is the reason: since on the Sabbath it is an article whose function is for a forbidden purpose, is it preventively forbidden on Festivals on account of the Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the former is permitted, it may be thought that the latter too is permitted. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> And should you say, Let the Sabbath itself be permitted, since an article whose function is for a forbidden purpose may be [handled] when required itself or its place is required, — that is only where it comes within the category of a utensil, but not where it does not come within the category of a utensil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A log does not rank as a utensil. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> Yet do we enact a preventive measure? Surely we learnt: Produce<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Spread out on the roof to dry. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> may be dropped down through a skylight<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When it is about to rain. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> on Festivals, but not on the Sabbath?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. Bez. 35b. Thus we do not argue as in n. 5. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> — Do we then not preventively prohibit? Surely we learnt: The only difference between Festivals and the Sabbath is in respect of food for consumption?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which may be prepared on Festivals, e.g., by baking, cooking, etc., but not on the Sabbaths. Thus on all matters they are alike. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> — Said R. Joseph, There is no difficulty: the one is [according to] R. Eliezer; the other, R. Joshua. For it was taught: If an animal<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it'. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> and its young fall into a pit, — R. Eliezer said: One may haul up the first in order to kill it, and for the second provisions are made where it lies that it should not die. R. Joshua said: One hauls up the first in order to kill it, but he does not kill it, then he practises an evasion and hauls up the second, and kills whichever he desires.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 117b for notes. Just as R. Joshua permits both animals to be brought up so he permits one to lower the produce on a Festival to avoid financial loss. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> How so? Perhaps R. Eliezer rules [thus] only there, because provisions can be made, but not where provisions can not be made. Or perhaps R. Joshua rules thus only there, since an evasion is possible; but not where an evasion is impossible? Rather said R. Papa: There is no difficulty: one is [according to] Beth Shammai; the other, Beth Hillel. For we learnt, Beth Shammai say:

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