Shabbat 25

Chapter 25

א מיתיבי רשב"ג אומר התינוקות של בית רבן היו מסדרין פרשיו' וקורין לאור הנר אי בעית אימא ראשי פרשיותיו ואי בעית אימא שאני תינוקות הואיל ואימת רבן עליהן לא אתי לאצלויי:
1 An objection is raised: R. Simeon b. Gamaliel said: School children used to prepare their [Biblical] portions and read by lamplight?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [This proves that children may read on Friday night by lamplight? Our Mishnah affords no such proof as it could refer to children who read in disregard of the prohibition, v. Tosaf. a.l.]. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> — There is no difficulty: I can answer either [that it means] the beginnings of the sections; or that children are different: since they are in awe of their teacher, they will not come to tilt it.
ב כיוצא בו לא יאכל הזב: תניא ר"ש בן אלעזר אומר בוא וראה עד היכן פרצה טהרה בישראל שלא שנינו לא יאכל הטהור עם הטמאה אלא לא יאכל הזב עם הזבה מפני הרגל עבירה כיוצא בו לא יאכל זב פרוש עם זב עם הארץ שמא ירגילנו אצלו
2 SIMILARLY … A ZAB MUST NOT DINE, [etc.]. It was taught, R. Simeon b. Eleazar said: Come and see how far purity has spread in Israel! For we did not learn, A clean man must not eat with an unclean woman, but A ZAB MUST NOT DINE TOGETHER WITH A ZABAH, AS IT MAY LEAD To SIN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But there was no need to interdict the first, because even Israelites ate their food only when it was ritually clean (though under no obligation) and would not dine together with an unclean woman, sc. a niddah (v. Glos.) in any case. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> Similarly, a <i>zab</i>, a parush<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'separated,' v. text note. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג וכי מרגילו אצלו מאי הוי אלא אימא שמא יאכילנו דברים טמאין אטו זב פרוש לאו דברים טמאין אכיל אמר אביי גזירה שמא יאכילנו דברים שאינן מתוקנין ורבא אמר רוב עמי הארץ מעשרין הן אלא שמא יהא רגיל אצלו ויאכילנו דברים טמאין בימי טהרתו
3 may not dine with a <i>zab</i>, who is an 'am ha-arez,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'people of the earth', 'the rural population'; the term is synonymous with ignoramous and law breaker, for living on the land they were only partially accessible to the teachings of the Rabbis, and in particular were negligent of ritual purity and the separation of tithes. Those who held aloof from them (separatists) were known as perushim (sing. parush), who were very particular in matters of purity and tithes; v. also Glos. s.v. haber. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> lest he cause him to associate with him. But what does it matter if he does cause him to associate with him? Rather say [thus]: lest he offer him unclean food to eat. Does then a <i>zab</i> who is a parush not eat unclean food?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whatever he eats is unclean, since his contact defiles food. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ד איבעיא להו נדה מהו שתישן עם בעלה היא בבגדה והוא בבגדו אמר רב יוסף ת"ש העוף עולה עם הגבינה על השלחן ואינו נאכל דברי ב"ש ב"ה אומר לא עולה ולא נאכל שאני התם דליכא דיעות
4 — Said Abaye: For fear lest he provide him with unfit food.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., food from which the priestly and Levitical dues were not rendered, ');"><sup>6</sup></span> Raba said: The majority of the 'amme ha-arez do render tithes, but [we fear] lest he associate with him and he provide him with unclean food in the days of his purity.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he is a visitor, he will continue even when he becomes clean. ');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ה ה"נ מסתברא דהיכא דאיכא דיעות שאני דקתני סיפא רשב"ג אומר שני אכסניים אוכלין על שלחן אחד זה אוכל בשר וזה אוכל גבינה ואין חוששין ולאו אתמר עלה אמר רב חנין בר אמי אמר שמואל לא שנו אלא שאין מכירין זה את זה אבל מכירין זה את זה אסורים וה"נ מכירין זה את זה נינהו הכי השתא התם דיעות איכא שינוי ליכא הכא איכא דיעות ואיכא שינוי
5 The scholars propounded: May a <i>niddah</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> sleep together with her husband, she in her garment and he in his?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Taking precaution to avoid all bodily contact. Intimacy, of course, is forbidden: do we fear that this may lead to it? ');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ו איכא דאמרי ת"ש רשב"ג אומר שני אכסניים אוכלין על שלחן אחד זה בשר וזה גבינה ואתמר עלה אמר רב חנין בר אמי אמר שמואל לא שנו אלא שאין מכירין זה את זה אבל מכירין זה את זה אסור והני נמי מכירין זה את זה נינהו התם דיעות איכא שינוי ליכא הכא איכא דיעות ואיכא שינוי
6 — Said R. Joseph, Come and hear: A fowl may be served together with cheese at the [same] table, but not eaten [with it]: this is Beth Shammai's view. Beth Hillel rule: It may neither be served nor eaten [together]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the halachah is always as Beth Hillel. They may not be served lest they be eaten together, and by analogy the answer to our problem is in the negative. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> — There it is different, because there are no [separate] minds.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There is no one to restrain the diner from eating the fowl and the cheese together. But here each may restrain the other. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ז ת"ש לא יאכל הזב עם הזבה משום הרגל עבירה ה"נ דיעות איכא שינוי ליכא
7 It is reasonable too that where there are [separate] minds it is different, because the second clause teaches, R. Simeon b. Gamaliel said: Two boarders<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or travellers lodging at an inn. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> eating at the same table, one may eat meat and the other cheese, and we have no fear.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The assumed reason is that each restrains the other. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ח ת"ש (יחזקאל יח, ו) אל ההרים לא אכל ועיניו לא נשא אל גלולי בית ישראל ואת אשת רעהו לא טמא ואל אשה נדה לא יקרב מקיש אשה נדה לאשת רעהו מה אשת רעהו הוא בבגדו והיא בבגדה אסור אף אשתו נדה הוא בבגדו והיא בבגדה אסור ש"מ
8 But was it not stated thereon, R. Hanin b. Ammi said in Samuel's name: This was taught only when they do not know each other;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Then one does not take from the other. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> but if they do, they are forbidden? And here too they know each other!-How compare! There we have [separate] minds but no unusual feature;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'change'. There is nothing on the table to remind one diner that he must not eat of his neighbour's. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ט ופליגא דר' פדת דאמר ר' פדת לא אסרה תורה אלא קורבה של גלוי עריות בלבד שנאמר (ויקרא יח, ו) איש איש אל כל שאר בשרו לא תקרבו לגלות ערוה
9 but here there are [separate] minds and an unusual feature.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., that they take care to avoid all bodily contact. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> Others state, Come and hear: R. Simeon b. Gamaliel said: Two boarders may eat at the same table, one meat and the other cheese. And it was stated thereon, R. Hanin b. Ammi said in Samuel's name: This was taught only if they do not know each other, but if they do, it is forbidden; and these two know each other! — [No.] There we have [separate] minds but nothing unusual, whereas here there are [separate] minds and an unusual feature.
י עולא כי הוי אתי מבי רב הוה מנשק להו לאחוותיה אבי חדייהו ואמרי לה אבי ידייהו ופליגא דידיה אדידיה דאמר עולא אפי' שום קורבה אסור משום לך לך אמרי נזירא סחור סחור לכרמא לא תקרב:
10 Come and hear: A <i>ZAB</i> MUST NOT DINE TOGETHER WITH A ZABAH, LEST IT LEAD TO SIN!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the same applies here. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> — Here too there are [separate] minds but nothing unusual.
יא תני דבי אליהו מעשה בתלמיד א' ששנה הרבה וקרא הרבה ושימש תלמידי חכמים הרבה ומת בחצי ימיו והיתה אשתו נוטלת תפיליו ומחזרתם בבתי כנסיות ובבתי מדרשות ואמרה להם כתיב בתורה (דברים ל, כ) כי הוא חייך ואורך ימיך בעלי ששנה הרבה וקרא הרבה
11 Come and hear: And hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither hath defiled his neighbour's wife, neither hath come near to a woman who is a <i>niddah</i>:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XVIII, 6. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> thus a woman who is a <i>niddah</i> is assimilated to his neighbour's wife: just as his neighbour's wife, he in his garment and she in hers is forbidden, so if his wife is a <i>niddah</i>, he in his garment and she in hers is forbidden. This proves it. Now, this disagrees with R. Pedath. For R. Pedath said: The Torah interdicted only intimacy of incestuous coition, as it is said, None of you, shall approach to any that is near of kin to him, to uncover their nakedness.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVIII, 6. 'Incest' in the Talmud includes adultery. The same applies to a niddah. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> 'Ulla, on his return from the college,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The term Be Rab denotes either the great Academy founded by Rab or college in general. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> used to kiss his sisters on their bosoms; others say, on their hands. But he is self-contradictory, for 'Ulla said, Even any form of intimacy is forbidden,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With consanguineous relations, such as a sister. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> because we say, 'Take a circuitous route, O nazirite, but do not approach the vineyard.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A nazirite must not eat grapes or drink wine (v. Num. VI, 1-3); as a precaution he is forbidden even to approach a vineyard. The same reasoning holds good here. ');"><sup>22</sup></span> [It is taught in the] Tanna debe Eliyahu:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the Midrash consisting of two parts, 'Seder Eliyahu Rabbah' and 'Seder Eliyahu Zuta'. According to the Talmud Keth. 106a the Prophet Elijah taught this Midrash, the Seder Eliyahu, to R. 'Anan, a Babylonian amora of the third century. Scholars are agreed that the work in its present form received its final redaction in the tenth century C.E., though they are not agreed as to where it was written. V. Bacher, Monatsschrift, XXIII, 267 et seqq.; in R.E.J. XX, 144-146; Friedmann, introduction to his edition of Seder Eliyahu. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> It once happened that a certain scholar who had studied much Bible and Mishnah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kara refers to the study of the Bible; shanah to the study of the Mishnah. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> and had served scholars much,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Serving scholars', i.e., being in personal attendance on scholars, was one of the requisites of an academical course. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> yet died in middle age. His wife took his tefillin and carried them about in the synagogues and schoolhouses and complained to them, It is written in the Torah, for that is thy life, and the length of thy days:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXX, 20. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> my husband, who read [Bible], learned [Mishnah],